Notes

The ornithine-rich dodecapeptide together with improved upon proteolytic balance selectively eliminates gram-negative food-borne pathogens and it is motion function in Escherichia coli O157:H7.
Members of the bZIP transcription factor family play crucial roles in the regulation of plant development, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and response to abiotic and biotic stresses. To date, multiple bZIPs have been identified and investigated in numerous plant species. However, few studies have characterized bZIPs from Dimocarpus longan Lour. In this study, nine bZIPs from D. longan were identified from RNA-Seq data and further verified using the NCBI conserved domain search tool and Pfam database. Bioinformatics tools were used to systematically analyse the physicochemical properties, protein structures, multiple sequence alignment, motif compositions, evolutionary relationships, secondary structures, subcellular localization, phosphorylation sites, signal peptides, GO annotations and protein-protein interactions of the DlbZIPs. The expression patterns of the nine DlbZIPs were evaluated by qRT-PCR in roots and leaves and in response to varying durations of a 38°C heat treatment. DlbZIP3, DlbZIP5, DlbZIP6 and DlbZIP7 were differentially expressed between root and leaf tissues. All nine DlbZIPs responded to heat treatment in both roots and leaves, but their specific expression levels differed. DlbZIP4 and DlbZIP8 were highly expressed in roots after heat treatment, whereas DlbZIP1 and DlbZIP5 were highly expressed in leaves after heat treatment. These findings lay a foundation for increasing active secondary metabolite content and improving abiotic stress tolerance in D. longan using transgenic technology.Ochlandra Thwaites, an economically exploited bamboo genus of the Western Ghats of India is severely affected by unsustainable extraction, natural habitat destruction and endangerment of species resources. This taxonomically challenging genus consists of a genetic mixture of 10 related polyploid species that are difficult to define and classify using traditional morphology. The present study investigated the probability of DNA barcoding using seven standard barcode regions recommended by CBOL as a supplementary tool to define true species boundaries. Distance (MEGA v.6.0) and sequence similarity (TaxonDNA) based approaches highlighted the discriminatory power of psbA-trnH intergenic spacer barcode region, but did not support true species entities. Neighbour-joining and Bayesian inference trees supported the existence of morphospecies complex in seven species of the genus owing to weak reproductive barriers amongnaturally coexisting species. Morphological affinities existing within genus might have stemmed from natural interspecific hybridization events and consequent reticulate evolution in morphospecies complex of genus Ochlandra.The yellowtail rasbora (Rasbora tornieri) is a miniature ray-finned fish categorized under the genus Rasbora in the family of Cyprinidae. In this study, a complete mitogenome sequence of R. tornieri was sequenced using four primers targeting two halves of the mitogenome with overlapping flanking regions. The size of mitogenome was 16,573 bp, housing 22 transfer RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and a putative control region. Identical gene organization was detected between this species and other members of Rasbora genus. The heavy strand encompassed 28 genes while the light strand accommodated the other nine genes. this website Most protein-coding genes execute ATG as start codon, excluding COI and ND3 genes, which utilized GTG instead. The central conserved sequence blocks (CSB-E, CSB-F and CSB-D), variable sequence blocks (CSB-1, CSB-3 and CSB-2) as well as the terminal associated sequence (TAS) were conserved within the control region. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic family tree revealed the divergence of R. tornieri from the basal region of the Rasbora clade, where its evolutionary relationships with other Rasbora members are poorly resolved as indicated by the low bootstrap values. This work acts as window for further population genetics and molecular evolution studies of Rasbora genus in future.Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a rare genetic arrhythmic disorder with a complex model of transmission. At least 20 different genes have been identified as BrS-causal or susceptibility genes. Of these, SCN5A is the most frequently mutated. Coregulation of different mutations or genetic variants, including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), may contribute to the clinical phenotype of the disease. In thepresent study, we analysed the mitochondrial genome of a symptomatic BrS type 1 patient to investigate a possible mitochondrial involvement recently found in the arrhytmogenic diseases. No pathogenic mutation was identified; however, a high number of singlenucleotide polymorphisms were found (n=21) and some of them were already been reported in molecular autopsy case for sudden death.The results reported here further support our hypothesis on the potential role of mtDNA polymorphisms in mitochondrial dysfunction, which may represent a risk factor for arrhythmogenic disease.
Cooked green banana (Musa paradisiaca) has been observed to be useful in reducing the duration of diarrheal illness in children.

To evaluate whether supplementation of cooked green banana shortens the duration of diarrhea in children with acute watery diarrhea with no dehydration.

Open label randomized controlled trial.

Consecutive children aged 9 months to 5 years who presented with acute watery diarrhea within 48 hours of onset of illness with no dehydration.

Children in the control group received standard care, while those in the intervention group received cooked green banana in addition to standard care under supervision in the hospital for 72 hours, and then continued at home until diarrhea stopped or 14th day of illness, whichever is earlier.

Proportion of children who improved at 72 hours of intervention (passing formed stools with normal frequency) was considered as the primary outcome and the incidence of complications such as dehydration, persistent diarrhea and secondary lactose intolerance were evaluated as the secondary outcomes.

The proportion of children who recovered within 72 hours was significantly higher (62.4%) in the green banana group compared to the control group (47.2%) [RR 1.3 (95% CI 1.05-1.7), NNT=7].The number of children with complications such as dehydration and persistent diarrhea was also signi-ficantly less in the intervention group.

Supplementation of cooked green banana in the diet of children with acute watery diarrhea with no dehydration hastens their recovery.
Supplementation of cooked green banana in the diet of children with acute watery diarrhea with no dehydration hastens their recovery.
We present our experience of pediatric injuries over 5 years from a level I trauma centre.

De-identified data from a prospectively maintained database of pediatric patients was analyzed for demography and injury-related parameters, and management provided.

There were 906 patients (698 male, median age 12 years). Predominant cause was road traffic injuries. The median injury severity score was 9. Abdomen and thorax were the commonest regions affected. There were 44 deaths. Sepsis and hemorrhage were the commonest causes of mortality.

The magnitude of pediatric injuries is significant, and maintenance of dedicated trauma registries is the need of the hour.
The magnitude of pediatric injuries is significant, and maintenance of dedicated trauma registries is the need of the hour.
To estimate the regional cutoff of optical density (OD) values for immuno-globulin M (IgM) antibodies against Orientia tsutsugamushi in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for clinical diagnosis of scrub typhus and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in serum for sero-epidemiology in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

We used data from a serological investigation of acute encephalitis syndrome patients (n=407) during the 2016 outbreak in Gorakhpur, India to determine the cutoff for OD values for IgM antibodies, and from community-based serosurveys (n=1991) to estimate the cutoff for OD values for IgG antibodies.

We determined regionally relevant cutoff for OD values of 0.76 for IgM antibodies in serum and 0.22 in cerebrospinal fluid for scrub typhus diagnosis. For serosurveys, IgG antibody cutoff was 1.5.

We have proposed locally relevant cutoffs for scrub typhus endemic regions, which may be useful for correctly classifying infected population.
We have proposed locally relevant cutoffs for scrub typhus endemic regions, which may be useful for correctly classifying infected population.
To estimate the prevalence of non-exclusive breastfeeding (NEBF) and quantify the out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) associated with NEBF and treatment of morbidity among infants up to six months of age.

Community based in an urban slum, among 172 mother-infant dyads selected by systematic random sampling. Current breast-feeding practices and OOPE over last one month was recorded using a pre-validated, interviewer administered schedule. Independent sample t-test subsequent to bootstrapping was used to test the statistical significance of the difference in mean out of pocket expenditure between NEBF and exclusively breastfeeding (EBF) infants. The main outcome measures was non-exclusive breastfeeding rate and out of pocket expenditure associated with infant feeding and treatment of morbidity.

67 (38.9%) infants were found to be non- exclusively breastfed. The median (IQR) total monthly OOPE incurred on non-breastmilk feeding and healthcare was found significantly higher among NEBF infants vs EBF infants [440 (80-982) vs [0 (0-290); P<0.001]. The median (IQR) monthly OOPE incurred on healthcare was also significantly higher among NEBF infants than EBF infants [INR 140 (0-540) vs 0(0-150); P=0.002].

The prevalence of NEBF was high, and it was associated with higher financial burden on the families.
The prevalence of NEBF was high, and it was associated with higher financial burden on the families.
Consensus Guidelines for Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) were published in Indian Pediatrics in 2002.

The current document represents a recent update in the Indian context, regarding unit design, equipment, organization, staffing as well as admission and discharge criteria for different levels of Pediatric Intensive Care and teaching units with PICU training programs, as well as nonteaching units.

The Pediatric Intensive Care College Council (PICC), an academic wing of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) Intensive Care Chapter took the initiative to update the guidelines with members of the PICU guidelines Committee writing group. After a great deal of discussion at conferences and through mailing and feedback with listed members, as well as with the guidance and feedback of senior PICU guidelines advisory committee members, The consensus is now updated. These guidelines are intended to serve as a reference for health Care institutions wishing to establish a new PICU or to modify an existing PICU. As a resource, experience of those members who have worked extensively in western PICUs was also taken into consideration, in addition to published guidelines in the medical literature. PICUs with teaching programs run by the IAP Intensive Care Chapter must follow these criteria for unit accreditation and teaching curricula as applicable.

Unit design, equipment, organization, staffing as well as admission and discharge criteria for different levels of pediatric intensive care are updated.
Unit design, equipment, organization, staffing as well as admission and discharge criteria for different levels of pediatric intensive care are updated.
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