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Regulation, threat and security of Faecal Microbiota Hair treatment.
peptidase-4 inhibitors through their positive effect on the incretin-insulin axis can be beneficial in the therapy of NODAT after liver transplantation.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the best therapy of choice for early, unresectable HCC. The Hungarian Liver Transplantation Program was launched in 1995 at the Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest. From that time more than 60 patients underwent OLT for hepatic tumors, which in most cases were HCC. Our clinical examination was undertaken to analyze the possible influential factors of outcomes for our series of patients who received OLT for HCC.

We performed a review of all patients who underwent OLT for HCC at our department from 1996 to October 1, 2013. Disease extent was determined by preoperative computed tomography or magnetic resonance images. All explants were examined and categorized based on tumor number, size, distribution, HCC histologic grade, and vascular invasion. Patients with HCC were classified as having tumors either meeting Milan criteria, beyondsponsible not just for higher risk of recurrence but for higher risk to develop de novo malignancies. Viral serology must be done periodically to catch HCV recurrence in time and begin adequate antiviral therapy. ON123300 in vitro Potentially, mTOR inhibitors could be potent immunosuppressive agents after OLT for HCC due to this antiproliferative effect.
Post-transplantation tumors (PTTs) are the greatest limiting factor for patient survival following organ transplantation.

To describe the incidence and main characteristics of malignancies developed in patients who underwent kidney transplantation in Budapest between 1973 and2014.

During this period, the essential data for PTTs were repeatedly evaluated. In this study, the results from 1990, 1995, 2000, 2006, and 2013 were evaluated.

Incidence of PTTs increased from 2.3% to 11.1%. Male/female ratio was 21. Skin, native kidney, and lung cancers were the most common tumors during the entire observation period. Lymphoma was seen rarely at the beginning and became common in 2013. The same was observed in the most frequent general population tumors (colorectal, breast, hepatic, prostate, gastric cancer, and malignant melanoma) where the occurrence increased in the last 10 years. Mean age of patients increased from 35.7 to 56.5 years. During the last 20 years, age of recipients increased above 50 years from 22.9% to 40.5%, and above 60 years from 8.2% to 23.1%. Patient survival was different according to tumor stage at discovering, i.e. renal cell carcinoma was usually discovered in stage I. resulting in a 66.1% 5-year survival rate, whereas 43.5% of colorectal cancers were diagnosed in stage IV, with a 13.9% 5-year survival rate.

The frequency of PTTs and proportion of elderly persons undergoing transplants are continuously increasing. Tumor stage is a determining factor for patient survival. Recognition of precancerous conditions, diagnosis of tumors in early stage, and oncological screening can improve survival time.
The frequency of PTTs and proportion of elderly persons undergoing transplants are continuously increasing. Tumor stage is a determining factor for patient survival. Recognition of precancerous conditions, diagnosis of tumors in early stage, and oncological screening can improve survival time.
There is a greater risk of malignant tumors developing in kidney transplant patients. Due to this, early detection is of outmost importance, in which screening tests play an important role.

We have conducted a survey among renal transplant recipients to assess individual risk factors.

Of 530 respondents, 55 developed post-transplantation tumors. Cutaneous tumors (36%) and kidney cancer (16%) were the most frequent. In total, 59% of recipients were over the age of 50, 61.7% were over the normal body-mass index range, 40.3% smoked or used to smoke, and 21.8% had diabetes. Five patients had hepatitis B virus and 11 were hepatitis C virus-positive. Malignancies developed significantly more frequent in men than in women (P= .04). The progressing of age (P= .0001) and the time elapsed after transplantation (P< .01) also were associated with a significant increase in the occurrence of post-transplantation tumors.

We have created a database to facilitate a more personalized and efficient screening program for immunocompromised patients.
We have created a database to facilitate a more personalized and efficient screening program for immunocompromised patients.
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in end-stage renal disease patients on dialysis and the most common cause of death in the immediate post-transplantation period. The aim of our study was to describe a novel approach of cardiovascular screening and management of dialysis patients evaluated for the transplant waiting list.

Twenty-eight patients with end-stage renal disease put on the waiting list between July 2013 and July 2014 were subjected to a prespecified cardiovascular screening protocol utilizing noninvasive and/or invasive tests. Patients were subsequently divided into 3 strata in terms of their estimated cardiovascular risk. Each of these groups were then prescribed interventions aiming to improve their cardiovascular condition.

According to our prespecified protocol of cardiovascular screening studies, 15 (54%) patients were identified as low, 5 (18%) as intermediate, and 8 (28%) as high risk. Four (14%) patients were current smokers. In the low-risk group, we irehensive multidisciplinary approach to treat potential transplant candidates according to cardiovascular risk stratification based on a prespecified screening protocol. Further studies are needed to correlate this novel strategy with post-transplantation outcomes.
To ease organ shortage, many transplant centers accept kidneys from expanded-criteria donors (ECDs). Our aim was to analyze the results of ECD grafts in our center.

Data on cadaveric donors were retrospectively analyzed between January 2011 and September 2014. Definition of ECD was (1) donor age≥60 years, (2) donor age 50 to 59 years, and (3) the presence of 2 among the following criteria hypertension, serum creatinine >1.5mg/dL, or death from cerebrovascular accident. Standard-criteria donors (SCDs) were those who did not meet the criteria for an ECD.

During the observation period, 215 cadaveric donors were reported within our region, and 14 kidneys were offered to our center from Eurotransplant. Ninety-one (40%) among the reported donors were ECDs and 123 (54%) were SCDs. The rates of delayed graft function (DGF) and acute rejection (ARE) were not influenced by transplantation of an ECD graft. The cumulative patient and graft survival rates for ECDs were comparable with those of patients who received an optimal graft.

ECD grafts can be transplanted safely, without the increased risk of DGF, ARE, and inferior patient and graft survival, in the case of careful patient allocation, and with the use of induction therapy.
ECD grafts can be transplanted safely, without the increased risk of DGF, ARE, and inferior patient and graft survival, in the case of careful patient allocation, and with the use of induction therapy.
Organ transplantation has become an organized, routine, widely used method in the treatment of several end-stage diseases. Kidney transplantation means the best life-quality and longest life expectancy for patients with end-stage renal diseases. Transplantation is the only available long-term medical treatment for patients with end-stage liver, heart, and lung diseases. Despite the number of transplantations increasing worldwide, the needs of the waiting lists remain below expectations.

One of the few methods to increase the number of transplantations is public education. In cooperation with the University of Debrecen Institute for Surgery Department of Transplantation, the Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service Organ Coordination Office, and the Local Committee Debrecen of Hungarian Medical Students' International Relations Committee (HuMSIRC), the Gerundium, a new educational program, has been established to serve this target. Gerundium is a special program designed especially for youth education. Our program is a voluntary program with strong professional support and is free of charge for the community.Alagille syndrome (AS) is an autosomal-dominant, multisystem disorder affecting the liver, heart, eyes, skeleton, and face. The manifestations are predominantly pediatric. Diagnosis is based on findings of a paucity of bile ducts on liver biopsy combined with ≥3 of 5 major clinical criteria. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the only option for treating patients who developed liver failure, portal hypertension, severe itching, and xanthomatosis. It is difficult to establish clear criteria for OLT; indications are controversial because of the wide variety of clinical symptoms and the multisystem involvement. Generally, AS-associated liver disease is never an acute illness. We report the case of a 28-year-old woman with AS who underwent urgent OLT for acute liver failure. At 24 months posttransplant, the patient is in good clinical condition and with normal hepatic and renal function.An emphysema in a lower limb is usually a clinical sign of a severe and life-threatening infection. We report a rare case of subcutaneous emphysema of the left lower limb associated with a massive retro-pneumoperitoneum and pneumatosis intestinalis after cardiac transplantation in a 4-year-old girl. The child was nearly asymptomatic beside an abdominal distension. A benign pneumoperitoneum associated with an extensive pneumatosis intestinalis is a rare complication after organ transplantation and should be treated conservatively. The association with an emphysema in a lower limb in a child has not been previously reported to our knowledge in the literature.
This study aimed to determine whether a controlled portal blood arterialization by a liver extracorporeal device (L.E.O2 NARDO) is effective in treating acute hepatic failure (AHF) induced in swine by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration.

Sixteen swine with AHF induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 in oil solution were randomly divided into 2 groups animals that received L.E.O2 NARDO treatment 48 hours after the intoxication (study group; n= 8); and animals that were sham operated 48 hours after the intoxication (control group; n= 8). Blood was withdrawn from the iliac artery and reversed in the portal venous system by an interposed extracorporeal device. Each treatment lasted 6 hours. The survival was assessed at 5 days after L.E.O2 NARDO treatment or sham operation. In both groups blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis at different study time and liver biopsies were performed 48 hours after intoxication and at humane killing.

In the study group decreased transaminases levels and a more rapid international normalized ratio (INR) recover were detected as compared with the control group. Six animals of the study group (75%) versus 1 animal (12.5%) of the control group survived at 5 days after surgery with a statistically significant difference (P< .05). Liver biopsies performed at humane killing showed damaged areas of the livers reduced in the study group compared with biopsies of the control group.

Arterial blood supply in the portal system through the L.E.O2 NARDO device is easily applicable, efficacious, and safe in a swine model of AHF induced by CCl4 intoxication.
Arterial blood supply in the portal system through the L.E.O2 NARDO device is easily applicable, efficacious, and safe in a swine model of AHF induced by CCl4 intoxication.
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