Notes

Perineal Post-related Vulvar Necrosis: A Rare Scenario Sequence and also Report on Books.
The experienced events score was least reliable, but the best predictor of future PTSD symptoms.

One method to balance the predictive strength of experienced events and the excellent reliability of a total LEC score, is to adopt the newly proposed weighted score. Future use of this weighted scoring method can provide a comprehensive estimate of lifetime trauma exposure while still emphasizing the direct proximity of experienced events compared with other degrees of exposure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
One method to balance the predictive strength of experienced events and the excellent reliability of a total LEC score, is to adopt the newly proposed weighted score. Future use of this weighted scoring method can provide a comprehensive estimate of lifetime trauma exposure while still emphasizing the direct proximity of experienced events compared with other degrees of exposure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Research shows elevated rates of trauma exposure and traumatic stress among youth with suicidal thoughts and behaviors, underscoring the need for a trauma-informed approach to suicide prevention and intervention. The purpose of this study was to identify, from the perspective of caregivers, clinical practices that are sensitive to the needs of youth with co-occurring traumatic stress and suicidal thoughts and behaviors, as well as common barriers to receiving care.

Qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 caregivers of youth with trauma histories and comorbid suicidal thoughts and/or behaviors. Interviews were analyzed using a grounded theory approach.

Qualitative analysis of interviews revealed themes related to the need for caregiver involvement in treatment, the impact of therapist and relationship characteristics such as authenticity and genuineness, and the importance of provider education about trauma. Common barriers included difficulties navigating the mental health system and cost.

Findings provide guidance on how mental health providers can effectively recognize and respond to traumatic stress among youth presenting with suicidal thoughts and behaviors. System-level issues related to accessibility also are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Findings provide guidance on how mental health providers can effectively recognize and respond to traumatic stress among youth presenting with suicidal thoughts and behaviors. System-level issues related to accessibility also are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
The current intensive longitudinal study aimed at examining the association between daily rumination (i.e., intrusive rumination and deliberate rumination) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) associated with the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Final participants were 71 adults who were recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Participants responded to daily questions regarding ruminations they engaged in and PTG they experienced that day for a total of 29 days.

As expected, there was no significant association between intrusive rumination and PTG, but a significant positive association was found between deliberate rumination and PTG. In addition, a person of color and those who reported as religious experienced higher levels of PTG. Furthermore, there was a significant between-person variability on the effect of deliberate rumination on PTG.

The current study supports previous findings between rumination and PTG. It also raises the importance of acknowledging that the levels of one's PTG following deliberate rumination may differ greatly from the typical individual, indicating the need to be mindful of individual experience. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
The current study supports previous findings between rumination and PTG. It also raises the importance of acknowledging that the levels of one's PTG following deliberate rumination may differ greatly from the typical individual, indicating the need to be mindful of individual experience. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).We investigated if and how Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) show flexibility in their use of multiple sources of information in a spatial learning task. In Experiment 1, hamsters were trained to exit an arena through one of three doors. The goal, marked by a beacon, was fixed during the training phase. When the beacon was placed nearer to another door, the hamsters predominantly chose the original door rather than those with the relocated beacon (Tests A and C). The removal of the beacon had little effect on their performance (Test B). In Experiment 2, when we changed the shape of the apparatus to make the positional information of the goals other than the beacon invalid, a few individual subjects used the beacon (Test B'). However, after experiencing the invalidity of such positional information, the original door was less frequently chosen in a rerun of the beacon relocation test (Test C). Finally, in Experiment 3, we confirmed that hamsters could easily learn to use the beacon when it was the sole cue for navigation. These results suggest that, despite hamsters' limited tendency to use a beacon for navigation, they can flexibly use multiple strategies depending on their experience or environmental context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Animal personality has been shown to predict many behavioral responses across taxa, but the relationship between personality and performance on cognitive tasks remains unclear. To address this gap, we investigated whether personality predicted problem-solving performance and learning in captive Asian and African savanna elephants. We leveraged 3 novel problem-solving tasks to assess success rate, latency to touch the apparatus, exploratory diversity (the number of different behaviors exhibited toward the task), work time (the proportion of time working on the tasks), and latency to solve. To measure multiple different personality traits, such as boldness, activity, aggressiveness, curiosity, and sociability, across contexts, we carried out novel object presentations, behavioral coding through observations, and trait rating through surveys with zookeepers. We found evidence of personality through behavioral observations and surveys, but not through novel object testing. Aggressiveness and activity were important predictors of problem solving, but this was task-dependent, and the traits we measured did not significantly predict learning. Elephants solved 2 out of 3 tasks faster over time, but they did not vary their latency to touch, exploratory diversity, or work time. We discuss our results in terms of task difficulty and previous work on personality in elephants. Results from this study lay the foundation for future work connecting individual variation in personality to cognitive performance in elephants. In addition, for zoo-housed animals, individual differences research could inform enrichment and welfare decisions as well as conservation strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Long-term visual memory representations, measured by recognition performance, degrade as a function of semantic interference, and their strength is related to eye-movement responses. Even though clinical research has examined interference mechanisms in pathological cognitive aging and explored the diagnostic potential of eye-movements in this context, little is known about their interaction in long-term visual memory.

An eye-tracking study compared a Mild Cognitive Impaired group with healthy adults. Participants watched a stream of 129 naturalistic images from different semantic categories, presented at different frequencies (1, 6, 12, 24) to induce semantic interference (SI), then asked in a 2-Alternative Forced Choice paradigm to verbally recognize the scene they remembered (old/novel).

Recognition accuracy of both groups was negatively impacted by SI, especially in healthy adults. A wider distribution of overt attention across the scene predicted better recognition, especially by the Mild Cognitive base Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Recognizing others' humanity is fundamental to how people think about and treat each other. People often ascribe greater humanness to groups that they socially value, but do they also systematically ascribe social value to different individuals? Here, we tested whether people (de)humanize individuals based on social traits inferred from their facial appearance, focusing on attractiveness and intelligence. Across five studies, less attractive and less intelligent-looking individuals seemed less human, but this varied by target gender Attractiveness better predicted humanness attributions to women whereas perceived intelligence better predicted humanness attributions to men (Study 1). This difference seems to stem from gender stereotypes (preregistered Studies 2 and 3) and even extends to attributions of children's humanness (preregistered Study 4). CX-5461 Moreover, this gender difference leads to biases in moral treatment that confer more value to the lives of attractive women and intelligent-looking men (preregistered Study 5). These data help to explain how interpersonal judgments of individuals interact with intergroup biases to promote gender-based discrimination, providing greater nuance to the mechanisms and outcomes of dehumanization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized as a motor disorder, but the majority of individuals with PD also suffer from nonmotor symptoms, including mental health difficulties, such as depression, anxiety, and apathy, as well as decreased cognitive function, daily function, sleep quality, and quality of life. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depression in PD, but motor disability, work schedule, transportation issues, and care partner burden may cause difficulty in attending weekly face-to-face therapy sessions. A promising avenue in the delivery of CBT is telehealth. CBT administered live via videoconference technology may circumvent many of the barriers that prevent those with PD from receiving treatment. This case study evaluates the preliminary efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of 12-week telehealth CBT for depression in PD. CBT administered via telehealth was feasible, acceptable, and efficacious for a study participant with PD and major depressive disorder. In addition to effectively treating depression, the telehealth intervention improved quality of life and aspects of cognitive functioning, as well as symptoms of anxiety, apathy, and subjective cognitive impairment, all of which are prevalent nonmotor symptoms of PD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Reports an error in "Examining the incremental and interactive effects of boldness with meanness and disinhibition within the triarchic model of psychopathy" by Dylan T. Gatner, Kevin S. Douglas and Stephen D. Hart (Personality Disorders Theory, Research, and Treatment, 2016[Jul], Vol 7[3], 259-268). In the original article, there were several errors in the reporting of data from the Social Emotional Questionnaire. In the "Outcome Measures" section of the Method, under the "Social and emotional functioning" heading, the Sociability subscale was incorrectly identified as the Social Conformity scale. The sentence referencing the data should have read, "However, the Antisocial Behavior (α = .39, MIC = .14) and Sociability (α = -.09, MIC = .02) subscales had poor internal consistency; the Sociability subscale was removed from our analyses." In the last paragraph of the "Research Question 2 Incremental Value of Boldness" section in the Results, the data for the Sociability scale have been replaced with the data for the Social Conformity scale.
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