Notes

Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis about Intestinal tract Cancer Screening: a Systematic Evaluate.
Geriatricians and others must embrace the emerging field of geroscience. Until recently geroscience research was pursued in laboratory animals, but now this field requires specialized expertise in the care of vulnerable older patients with multiple chronic diseases and geriatric syndromes, the population likely to benefit the most from emerging therapies. While chronological aging measures the inevitable passage of clock time that occurs equally for everyone, biological aging varies among individuals, and importantly, it is modifiable. Advances in our understanding of biological aging, the discovery of strategies for modifying its rate, and an appreciation of aging as a shared risk factor for chronic diseases have jointly led to the Geroscience Hypothesis. This hypothesis states that interventions modifying aging biology can slow its progression-resulting in the delay or prevention of the onset of multiple diseases and disorders. Here we wish to report on the Third Geroscience Summit held at National Institutes of Health on November 4-5, 2019, which highlighted the importance of engaging other disciplines including clinicians. Involvement by scientists with expertise in clinical trials, health outcomes research, behavioral and social sciences, health policy, and economics is urgently needed to translate geroscience discoveries from the bench to clinical care and health policy. Adding to the urgency of broadening this geroscience coalition is the emergence of biological aging as one the most important modifiable factors of COVID-19, combined with the inability of our society to once again recognize and confront aging as a priority and opportunity when facing these types of public health emergencies.Climate change is altering distributions and abundances of marine species through both gradual and acute changes in temperature and productivity. Due to their high mobility and metabolic rates, elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) are likely to redistribute across latitudes and depths as they thermoregulate, but little is known about their responses to these climatic changes, which could vary widely across this diverse group of species. Here, we assessed how species with differing mobility and ecology responded to gradual changes in daily sea surface temperature (SST) and acute temperature anomalies, caused by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), at Cocos Island, Costa Rica, the site of multiple marine heatwaves. We used generalized linear mixed models to analyse 34,342 records of relative abundance or frequency of occurrence for seven shark and ray species collected in 27 years (1993-2019) by a dive company. We compared effect sizes for SST and the Oceanic Niño Index across the different species, which vary wzed species, with the potential to impact the effectiveness of marine protected areas (MPAs). Our results compel further work on the diversity of elasmobranch responses to environmental change.
Older adults are at high risk for adverse outcomes as they transition from hospital to home. Transitional care interventions primarily focus on care coordination and medication management and may miss key components. The objective of this study is to examine the current scope of hospital-to-home transitional care interventions that impact health-related outcomes and to examine other key components including engagement by older adults and their caregivers.

Scoping review.

Eligible articles focused on hospital transition to home intervention, measured primary outcomes posthospitalization, used randomized controlled trial designs, and included primarily adults aged 60 years and older. Articles included in this review were reviewed in full and all data were extracted that related to study objective, setting, population, sample, intervention, primary and secondary outcomes, and main results.

Five hundred sixty-seven records were identified by title. Forty-four articles were deemed eligible and included. Mom shift is required in the design and study of care transition interventions. Future interventions should explore methods or novel interventions for caregiver engagement; leverage an interdisciplinary team or care coordination hub with engagement from underrepresented specialties such as social work and occupational therapy; and examine opportunities for interventions designed specifically to address older adult and caregiver-reported needs and their well-being.
Heat stress (HS) has a negative impact on the intestinal barrier and immune function of pigs. Selenium (Se) may improve intestinal health through affecting selenoproteins. Thus we investigate the protective effect of new organic Se (2-hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid, HMSeBA) on jejunal damage in growing pigs upon HS and integrate potential roles of corresponding selenoproteins.

HS decreased the villus height and increased (P < 0.05) the protein abundance of HSP70, and downregulated (P < 0.05) protein levels of tight junction-related proteins (CLDN-1 and OCLD). HS-induced jejunal damage was associated with the upregulation of four inflammation-related genes and ten selenoprotein-encoding genes, downregulation (P < 0.05) of four selenoprotein-encoding genes and decreased (P < 0.05) the protein abundance of GPX4 and SELENOS. Compared with the HS group, HMSeBA supplementation not only elevated the villus height and the ratio of V/C (P < 005), but also reduced (P < 0.05) the protein abundance of HSP70 and MDA content, and increased (P < 0.05) the protein abundance of OCLD. HMSeBA supplementation downregulated the expression of seven inflammation-related genes, changed the expression of 12 selenoprotein-encoding genes in jejunum mucosa affected by HS, and increased the protein abundance of GPX4, TXNRD1 and SELENOS.

Organic Se supplementation beyond nutritional requirement alleviates the negative effect of HS on the jejunum of growing pigs, and its protective effect is related to the response of corresponding selenoproteins. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Organic Se supplementation beyond nutritional requirement alleviates the negative effect of HS on the jejunum of growing pigs, and its protective effect is related to the response of corresponding selenoproteins. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
We aim to describe the occurrence of red blood cell transfusion and associated predictive factors and outcomes among patients referred for palliative care.

This retrospective cohort study used linked health administrative data of adults referred for palliative care at an academic hospital from 2014 to 2018. selleck Multivariable regression models were employed to evaluate patient characteristics associated with transfusion and the relationship between transfusion status and location of death. Survival analyses were performed using log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards modeling.

Of 6980 evaluated patients, 885 (12.7%) were transfused following palliative care consultation. Covariate factors associated with transfusion included younger age, higher performance status, lower baseline hemoglobin, and a diagnosis of hematologic malignancy (OR=2.97, 95% CI 2.20-4.01) or solid organ tumor (OR=1.37, 95% CI 1.10-1.71) vs. noncancer diagnosis. Median survival from palliative care consultation was 19 (IQR 5-75) days;on, particularly in solid organ tumor patients, and the twofold likelihood of death in hospital associated with this intervention have important implications in prescribing transfusion for this population.Arildskov et al. (2021) provide compelling evidence regarding the importance and nature of functional impairment in advancing diagnostic assessment and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Their findings indicate that (a) ADHD is dimensional for both symptom severity and impairment, (b) symptoms and impairment are related but separate constructs, (c) diagnostic assessment should focus equally on symptoms and impairment, and (d) the symptom threshold for ADHD diagnosis is arbitrarily defined with respect to presence of impairment. Results from this study can be extended to raise the profile of functional impairment in research and clinical practice in terms of diagnostic assessment, treatment outcome measurement, improvements to diagnostic systems, and advancements in our understanding of ADHD as a disorder.
Fermentation efficiency of thermophiles of Bacillus licheniformis YYC4 and Geobacillus stearothermophilus A75, and mesophilic Bacillus subtilis 10 160 on soybean meal (SBM), was evaluated by examining the nutritional and protein structural changes.

SBM fermentation by B. licheniformis YYC4, B. subtilis 10 160 and G. stearothemophilus A75 increased significantly the crude and soluble protein from 442.4 to 524.8, 516.1 and 499.9g kg
, and from 53.9 to 203.3, 291.3 and 74.6g kg
, and decreased trypsin inhibitor from 8.19 to 3.19, 2.14 and 5.10mg g
, respectively. Bacillus licheniformis YYC4 and B. subtilis 10 160 significantly increased phenol and pyrazine content. Furthermore, B. licheniformis YYC4 fermentation could produce abundant alcohols, ketones, esters and acids. Surface hydrophobicity, sulfhydryl groups and disulfide bond contents of SBM protein were increased significantly from 98.27 to 166.13, 173.27 and 150.71, from 3.26 to 4.88, 5.03 and 4.21 μmol g
, and from 20.77 to 27.95, 29.53 and 2ion industry. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.Although combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) with three or more drugs is highly effective in suppressing viral load for people with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), many ART agents may exacerbate mental health-related adverse effects including depression. Therefore, understanding the effects of combination ART on mental health can help clinicians personalize medicine with less adverse effects to avoid undesirable health outcomes. The emergence of electronic health records offers researchers' unprecedented access to HIV data including individuals' mental health records, drug prescriptions, and clinical information over time. However, modeling such data is challenging due to high dimensionality of the drug combination space, the individual heterogeneity, and sparseness of the observed drug combinations. To address these challenges, we develop a Bayesian nonparametric approach to learn drug combination effect on mental health in people with HIV adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors. The proposed method is built upon the subset-tree kernel that represents drug combinations in a way that synthesizes known regimen structure into a single mathematical representation. It also utilizes a distance-dependent Chinese restaurant process to cluster heterogeneous populations while considering individuals' treatment histories. We evaluate the proposed approach through simulation studies, and apply the method to a dataset from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, showing the clinical utility of our model in guiding clinicians to prescribe informed and effective personalized treatment based on individuals' treatment histories and clinical characteristics.
Previous research suggests that reductions in restorative, slow-wave (N3), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are associated with weight gain and obesity in mid-to-late life. We extend prior work by examining how within-person (WP) changes and between-person (BP) differences in restorative sleep over several years are associated with body mass trajectories among participants in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study (WSCS).

We used data from 4,862 polysomnographic (PSG) sleep studies and physical exams collected from 1,187 WSCS participants over an average duration of 14.9 years. Primary measures of interest included body mass index (BMI = kg/m2) and the percentages of time spent in N3 and REM sleep. We estimated a series of linear mixed regression models to examine how WP changes and BP differences in N3 and REM sleep affected BMI trajectories, controlling for other sleep measures, demographic characteristics, and health behaviors as potential confounders.

Women in the WSCS experienced more rapid BMI gain than men.
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