Notes

Numerous structural elements influenced first antiretroviral treatments start among Aids attacked inmates: the qualitative pursuit in To the south Ethiopia.
To investigate the contexts in which college students use e-cigarettes and marijuana, perceptions about the benefits and harms, and health effects of use.

College student e-cigarette and marijuana ever users (n = 20; 18-21 years old) from the Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance System (TATAMS).

Participants completed a one-hour long online interview about their experiences using e-cigarettes and marijuana. Thematic content analysis in NVivo identified prominent themes.

Vaping nicotine and marijuana were preferred and perceived as normal, trendy and useful in circumventing smoke-free campus policies. Preference for nicotine versus marijuana fluctuates during the academic school year in response to campus restrictions and work and school-related activities. College students commonly experienced health effects (shortness of breath, wheezing) attributed to vaping, did not perceive their use as very harmful, and perceived their use as a college-related phase.

Findings have implications for college-based health education, resources, and smoke-free policies.
Findings have implications for college-based health education, resources, and smoke-free policies.Assessment of symptom feigning is paramount in forensic psychological and psychiatric assessment. The Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms, 2nd Edition (SIRS-2; Rogers et al., 2010) is a revised edition to the original SIRS (Rogers et al., Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS) and professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc, 1992) and was developed to assess feigned psychiatric symptoms. The current paper reviews use of the SIRS-2 in forensic assessment, specifically addressing topics such as translations of the instrument, its use in assessing psychiatric and cognitive feigning, and its use in special populations. Empirical foundation and psychometric properties of the SIRS-2 is also covered. The SIRS-2 was revised in part to reduce false positive classifications of feigning. find more Research suggests that this goal was largely accomplished, albeit at the expense of reduced sensitivity. The paper also provides a review of federal and state appellate cases that mention the SIRS-2. Notably, most cases that cite the SIRS-2 do not actually center on the SIRS-2, and the test's admissibility has never been outrightly challenged. The paper concludes with a discussion of expert testimony concerning the SIRS-2.
College student populations are considered at greater risk of contracting influenza due to their close living conditions. Despite this increased risk, college students are reluctant to obtain annual vaccination. This pilot study sought to determine perceptions of students on a college campus who received the annual influenza vaccination via an intradermal route.
Forty-nine college students participated in the IRB approved study. After receiving the intradermal influenza vaccination, participants completed a demographic survey and vaccination perceptions questionnaire.
Participants were more likely to want to have an intradermal injection in the future and reported less pain with the intradermal injection. Additionally, individuals who reported greater pain with the intramuscular injection in the past were significantly more likely to want to receive an intradermal injection in the future (
 < 0.019).
Results suggest that intradermal route of vaccination may be more appealing to the college popunation may be more appealing to the college population.
Since 2012, eighteen states and the District of Columbia have legalized recreational cannabis. Past research suggests this policy change is associated with increased cannabis exposures however this has not yet been studied in California, despite its status as the world's largest legal cannabis market.

This observational, retrospective study analyzed trends in cannabis exposures reported to the California Poison Control System (CPCS) from 2010 to 2020. We assessed shifts in exposures before and after the legalization of recreational cannabis in November 2016, the establishment of recreational retail sales in January 2018, and the institution of a statewide shelter-in-place order due to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 using interrupted time-series analysis and reviewed all records to identify specific products associated with exposures.

Between 2010 and 2020 edible exposures increased from near zero to 79% of exposures in 2020. Cannabis exposures significantly increased following recreational legalizareduce these exposures.Key pointsQuestion How have cannabis exposures changed following legalization of recreational use, the opening of the recreational retail sales market, and the institution of shelter-in-place orders during the COVID-19 pandemic?Findings In this retrospective review of 10,757 cases reported to the California Poison Control System (CPCS) between 2010 and 2020, exposures increased significantly after the legalization of recreational cannabis use and the opening of the recreational retail sales market, particularly among children, who primarily consumed candies and gummies.Meaning Stronger regulation of cannabis edibles that mimic other products is warranted to decrease exposures among children.
This study investigated the association between varying cutoffs for Medication Adherence (MA) among physician-diagnosed asthma patients and subsequent association with asthma exacerbation.

We linked four administrative health databases obtained from the Population Data in British Columbia. Index cases were physician-diagnosed asthma patients between January 1, 1998, to December 31, 1999, aged 18 years and older. Patients were prospectively assessed in the follow-up period from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2018, to identify asthma exacerbation. Two proxy measures were used to assess MA the proportion of days covered (PDC) and the medication possession ratio (MPR). Using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression adjusted for patient covariates, the outcome of "asthma exacerbation" was modeled against varying MA cutoffs;
'≥0.90';
'0.80-0.89';
'0.70-0.799';
'0.6-0.699';
'0.50-0.599' compared to
'<0.50' for both PDC and MPR.

The sample included 68,211 physician-diagnosed asthma patients with a mean age of 48.2 years and 59.3% females. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) at the various cutoff for PDC-levels predicting asthma exacerbation events were
MA [OR = 0.84, 95% (0.82-0.86),
MA [OR 0.86, (0.83, 0.89),
MA [0.91, (0.88-0.94)];
MA [0.93, (0.90-0.96)];
MA [0.95, (0.92-0.98)]; compared to
MA level. Threshold levels for both the PDC and MPR measure greater than 0.80 provided optimal threshold associated with over 15% reduced likelihood of experiencing asthma exacerbations.

Intervention aimed at improving asthma exacerbation events in adult asthma patients should encourage increased medication adherence threshold level greater than 0.80.
Intervention aimed at improving asthma exacerbation events in adult asthma patients should encourage increased medication adherence threshold level greater than 0.80.Supplemental data for this article is available online at at www.tandfonline.com/ijas .
A growing body of empirical evidence suggests that psychotherapy is more effective when therapists tailor interventions to fit their specific clients' needs, a concept referred to as
in the psychotherapy literature. However, the question of how therapists learn to become responsive rarely has been examined.

The central question of this study, put to eleven graduate student therapist trainees, was, "How did you learn to be responsive to clients as a novice therapist, and in what ways have you become responsive?" A critical-constructivist grounded theory method was employed to generate themes from trainees' replies.

The analysis showed that trainees learned to improve their responsiveness to clients by (1) becoming more aware of cues that signaled the need to adapt interventions (as related to psychotherapy change processes, client-therapist relational dynamics, clients' identities and cultural contexts, and the maximizing of clients' agency); (2) developing attunement to their own emotions and engaging in self-care; and (3) adopting mindsets that facilitated their trying new relational or therapy approaches while also maintaining professionalism.

Based upon these findings, preliminary suggestions for responsiveness training are presented to guide programs that wish to train responsive psychotherapists.
Based upon these findings, preliminary suggestions for responsiveness training are presented to guide programs that wish to train responsive psychotherapists .
The Family Affective Attitude Rating Scale (FAARS) uses an audio-recorded speech sample to measure parents' affective attitudes toward their children. The present study investigated the psychometric properties of this scale for use with fathers, concurrent predictors of paternal affective attitudes (parental depressive symptoms, inter-parental relationship quality, observed paternal parenting), and associations between fathers' positive and negative affective attitudes toward their two-year-old children and children's behavior problems one year later.

Participants were a sample (
= 226) of families from the Early Steps Multisite Study, a longitudinal study of low-income parents and children. Participants were racially and ethnically diverse (65% white; 23% Black or biracial; 12% Latinx).

Initial validation results support the reliability and validity of FAARS coding in fathers of preschoolers, a previously untested group. Both maternal and paternal depressive symptoms and interparental relationship quality were significantly associated with fathers' affective attitudes toward their children. Further, fathers' positive affective attitudes predicted lower mother-reported child behavior problems one year later, controlling for a host of demographic covariates, fathers' observed parenting, mothers' affective attitudes, and child baseline behavior problems.

Results indicate that fathers' positive attitudes toward their young children are a unique and robust predictor of lower levels of early behavior problems.
Results indicate that fathers' positive attitudes toward their young children are a unique and robust predictor of lower levels of early behavior problems.Purpose Lexical stress abilities were investigated in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to typically developing (TD) controls. We hypothesised that individuals with ASD would demonstrate atypical prosody on lexical and phrase stress tasks and are perceived by listeners as sounding unnatural.Method A between-group study was conducted to investigate lexical stress abilities among adolescents (12-20 years) with ASD (n = 11) compared to TD controls (n = 11) matched for age and gender. Two tasks were administered to assess the ability to receptively and expressively distinguish nouns from verbs and a noun phrase from a compound noun. Receptive tasks required participants to select visual stimuli corresponding with the utterance they heard. Expressive tasks were rated using perceptual judgments of accuracy, perceptual and acoustic measurements of duration and perceptual ratings of "naturalness."Result Individuals with ASD performed with significantly less accuracy on all prosody tasks, significantly longer duration of utterances, and were rated as sounding "unnatural" at a significantly higher rate than controls.
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