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Optimistic Subconscious Instruction Techniques and tools: A planned out Evaluate as well as Group.
g., under shear). Representing translational and rotational degrees of freedom as a hypervolume, we find a topological change that suggests geometric frustration arises from a phase transition in this space. The excluded area is a straightforward integration over excluded states; for arbitrary relative orientation this decreases sigmoidally with increasing opening aperture, with sharper SeSP corners resulting in a sharper decrease. selleck compound Together, this work offers a path towards a unified theory for particle shape control of bulk material properties.In a recent Letter [A. Lapolla and A. Godec, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 110602 (2020)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.125.110602], thermal relaxation was observed to occur faster from cold to hot (heating) than from hot to cold (cooling). Here we show that overdamped diffusion in anharmonic potentials generically exhibits both faster heating and faster cooling, depending on the initial temperatures and on the potential's degree of anharmonicity. We draw a relaxation-speed phase diagram that localizes the different behaviors in parameter space. In addition to faster-heating and faster-cooling regions, we identify a crossover region in the phase diagram, where heating is initially slower but asymptotically faster than cooling. The structure of the phase diagram is robust against the inclusion of a confining, harmonic term in the potential as well as moderate changes of the measure used to define initially equidistant temperatures.In 1972, Robert May triggered a worldwide research program studying ecological communities using random matrix theory. Yet, it remains unclear if and when we can treat real communities as random ecosystems. Here, we draw on recent progress in random matrix theory and statistical physics to extend May's approach to generalized consumer-resource models. We show that in diverse ecosystems adding even modest amounts of noise to consumer preferences results in a transition to "typicality," where macroscopic ecological properties of communities are indistinguishable from those of random ecosystems, even when resource preferences have prominent designed structures. We test these ideas using numerical simulations on a wide variety of ecological models. Our work offers an explanation for the success of random consumer resource models in reproducing experimentally observed ecological patterns in microbial communities and highlights the difficulty of scaling up bottom-up approaches in synthetic ecology to diverse communities.We consider the problem of driving a finite-state classical system from some initial distribution p to some final distribution p^' with vanishing entropy production (EP), under the constraint that the driving protocols can only use some limited set of energy functions E. Assuming no other constraints on the driving protocol, we derive a simple condition that guarantees that such a transformation can be carried out, which is stated in terms of the smallest probabilities in p,p^' and a graph-theoretic property defined in terms of E. Our results imply that a surprisingly small amount of control over the energy function is sufficient (in particular, any transformation p→p^' can be carried out as soon as one can control some one-dimensional parameter of the energy function, e.g., the energy of a single state). We also derive a lower bound on the EP under more general constraints on the transition rates, which is formulated in terms of a convex optimization problem.The study of spreading phenomena in networks, in particular the spread of disease, has attracted considerable interest in the network science research community. In this paper, we show that the outbreak of an epidemic can be effectively contained and suppressed in a small subnetwork by a combination of antidote distribution and partial quarantine. We improve over existing antidote distribution schemes based on personalized PageRank in two ways. First, we replace the constraint on the topology of this subnetwork described by Chung et al. [Internet Math. 6, 237 (2009)1542-795110.1080/15427951.2009.10129184] that a large fraction of the value of the personalized PageRank vector must be contained in the local cluster, with a partial quarantine scheme. Second, we derive a different lower bound on the amount of antidote. We show that, under our antidote distribution scheme, the probability of the infection spreading to the whole network is bounded, and the infection inside the subnetwork will disappear after a period that is proportional to the logarithm of the number of initially infected nodes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our strategy with numerical simulations of epidemics on benchmark networks. We also test our strategy on two examples of epidemics in real-world networks. Our strategy is dependent only on the rate of infection, the rate of recovery, and the topology around the initially infected nodes, and is independent of the rest of the network.Interactions between large-amplitude laser light and strongly magnetized dense plasma have been investigated by one- and two-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations. Since whistler waves have no critical density, they can propagate through plasmas beyond the critical density in principle. However, we have found the propagation of whistler waves is restricted significantly by the stimulated Brillouin scattering. It is confirmed that the period during which the whistler wave can propagate in overcritical plasmas is proportional to the growth time of the ion-acoustic wave via the Brillouin instability. The allowable pulse duration of the whistler wave has a power-law dependence on the amplitude of the whistler wave and the external magnetic field.We investigate the statistics of selected rare events in a (1+1)-dimensional (classical) stochastic growth model which describes the evolution of (quantum) random unitary circuits. In such classical formulation, particles are created and/or annihilated at each step of the evolution process, according to rules which generally favor a growing cluster size. We apply a large-deviation approach based on biased Monte Carlo simulations, with suitable adaptations, to evaluate (a) the probability of ending up with a single particle at a specified final time t_f and (b) the probability of having particles outside the light cone, defined by a "butterfly velocity" v_B, at t_f. Morphological features of single-particle final configurations are discussed, in connection with whether the location of such particle is inside or outside the light cone; we find that joint occurrence of both events of types (a) and (b) drives significant changes to such features, signaling a second-order phase transition.Using the Husimi quasiprobability distribution, we investigate the phase space signatures of excited-state quantum phase transitions (ESQPTs) in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick and coupled top models. We show that the ESQPT is evinced by the dynamics of the Husimi function, that exhibits a distinct time dependence in the different ESQPT phases. We also discuss how to identify the ESQPT signatures from the long-time averaged Husimi function and its associated marginal distributions. Moreover, from the calculated second moment and Wherl entropy of the long-time averaged Husimi function, we estimate the critical points of the ESQPT in both models, obtaining a good agreement with analytical (mean field) results. We provide a firm evidence that phase space methods are both a new probe for the detection and a valuable tool for the study of ESQPTs.It is well known that liquid and saturated vapor, separated by a flat interface in an unbounded space, are in equilibrium. One would similarly expect a liquid drop, sitting on a flat substrate, to be in equilibrium with the vapor surrounding it. Yet, it is not as shown in this work, the drop evaporates. Mathematically, this conclusion is deduced using the diffuse-interface model, but it is also reformulated in terms of the maximum-entropy principle, suggesting model independence. Physically, evaporation of drops is due to the so-called Kelvin effect, which gives rise to a liquid-to-vapor mass flux if the boundary of the liquid phase is convex.Piezo ion channels underlie many forms of mechanosensation in vertebrates and have been found to bend the membrane into strongly curved dome shapes. We develop a methodology describing the self-assembly of lipids and Piezo proteins into polyhedral bilayer vesicles. We validate this methodology for bilayer vesicles formed from bacterial mechanosensitive channels of small conductance, for which experiments found a polyhedral arrangement of proteins with snub cube symmetry and a well-defined characteristic vesicle size. On this basis, we calculate the self-assembly diagram for polyhedral bilayer vesicles formed from Piezo proteins. We find that the radius of curvature of the Piezo dome provides a critical control parameter for the self-assembly of Piezo vesicles, with high abundances of Piezo vesicles with octahedral, icosahedral, and snub cube symmetry with increasing Piezo dome radius of curvature.The thermodynamic length, though providing a lower bound for the excess work required in a finite-time thermodynamic process, is determined by the properties of the equilibrium states reached by the quasistatic process and is thus beyond the direct experimental measurement. We propose an experimental strategy to measure the thermodynamic length of an open classical or quantum system by extrapolating finite-time measurements. The current proposal enables the measurement of the thermodynamic length for a single control parameter without requiring extra effort to find the optimal control scheme, and is illustrated with examples of the quantum harmonic oscillator with tuning frequency and the classical ideal gas with changing volume. Such a strategy shall shed light on the experimental design of the lacking platforms to measure the thermodynamic length.We present the results of computer simulations on a class of percolative systems, called protected percolation, that violates the Harris criterion. The Harris criterion states whether the critical behavior at a phase transition from a disordered state to an ordered state will be altered by impurities. We incorporate impurities into our simulations to test whether the critical exponents for protected percolation are altered by impurities. We find that the critical exponents for three-dimensional protected percolation simulations indeed change with impurities in the form of missing sites and immortal sites. On the other hand, the critical exponents for both standard percolation and protected percolation in two dimensions are stable against impurities.Experimental and theoretical work reported here on the collapse of catenoidal soap films of various viscosities reveal the existence of a robust geometric feature that appears not to have been analyzed previously; prior to the ultimate pinchoff event on the central axis, which is associated with the formation of a well-studied local double-cone structure folded back on itself, the film transiently consists of two acute-angle cones connected to the supporting rings, joined by a central quasicylindrical region. As the cylindrical region becomes unstable and pinches, the opening angle of those cones is found to be universal, independent of film viscosity. Moreover, that same opening angle at pinching is found when the transition occurs in a hemicatenoid bounded by a surface. The approach to the conical structure is found to obey classical Keller-Miksis scaling of the minimum radius as a function of time, down to very small but finite radii. While there is a large body of work on the detailed structure of the singularities associated with ultimate pinchoff events, these large-scale features have not been addressed.
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