Notes

The particular Sexual intercourse Pheromone with the Pine Brown-Tail Moth, Euproctis terminalis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae).
omy is associated with reduced adverse thrombotic events, (Quality of Evidence; Low | Grade of Recommendation; Strong). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.We evaluated food intake, digestibility, digesta retention and digestible energy (DE) intake in four three-toed sloths (Bradypus variegatus, body mass 2.86 ± 0.10 kg) fed two leaf-based diets containing different neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and lignin contents. Total dry matter intake (DMI), and intake in relation to body mass and metabolic body weight were higher for the mixed diet with lower NDF content based on Pterondon sp. + Inga sp. (47 g day-1 , 16 g kg-1  day-1 and 21 g kg-0.75  day-1 ) compared to the treatment with higher content of NDF from only Cecropia pachystachya leaves (37 g day-1 , 14 g kg-1  day-1 and 18 g kg-0.75  day-1 ). The digestibility of dry matter (dDM) and neutral detergent fibre (dNDF) were higher in the mixed diet (60% and 61% respectively). There was a higher supply of DE and metabolisable energy (ME) on the mixed diet, at 221 and 199 kJ kg-0.75  day-1 , meeting the average energy requirement of 185 kJ ME kg-0.75  day-1 ME estimated for sloths in this study. In contrast, the diet with C. pachystachya generated a deficit of 31 kJ ME kg-0.75  day-1 . There was a correlation between DMI and dNDF (r2  = 0.89), and between dNDF and dDM (r2  = 0.98) across treatments. The mean retention times for a liquid and a particle marker were lower on the mixed diet with the higher intake at 133 h (passage rate = 0.75% h-1 ) and 181 h (0.55% h-1 ), and longer on the single-species diet with lower intake at 204 h (0.49% h-1 ) and 261 h (0.38% h-1 ). The results suggest that it may be beneficial for sloths to be offered a variety of browse from which they can choose low-NDF components. Further, we suggest that these sloths perform 'digesta washing' to increase the microbial yield in the stomach to maximise the digestion of NDF and dry matter.Patients with Apert syndrome or Crouzon syndrome present with severe defects in oral-maxillofacial growth and development. In this study, we conducted a quantitative three-dimensional (3D) analysis of the palatal morphology of patients with Apert syndrome and Crouzon syndrome. Four patients with Apert syndrome (average age, 11.0 ± 0.8 years) and five with Crouzon syndrome (average age, 10.1 ± 1.6 years) were investigated. The participants' maxillary dental casts were scanned and analyzed using 3D imaging. Palatal width, depth, cross-sectional area, and palatal angle (PW, PD, PCA, and PA, respectively) were measured, and standard scores were calculated based on sex- and age-matched Japanese standard values; the actual palatal surface areas (PSA) and palatal volumes (PV) were also measured. Our results show that patients with Apert syndrome and Crouzon syndrome had a very narrow PW (standard score -3.79 and - 0.47, respectively). 3D analysis revealed that patients with Apert syndrome had a significantly shallower PD (standard score -1.35) than those with Crouzon syndrome (standard score 2.47), resulting in a smaller PCA (standard score -5.13), PSA (5.49 cm2 ), and PV (1.11 cm3 ) and larger PA (standard score -0.12) than those in patients with Crouzon syndrome. This might be due to the former having a narrower and shallower palate caused by the predominant swelling of the palatal mucosa. These findings improve our understanding of the differences in palatal morphology between Apert syndrome and Crouzon syndrome patients.
To explore and compare fetal cortical brain development and infant neurobehaviour in spontaneously conceived (SC) and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) offspring.

A prospective cohort study of 210 singleton pregnancies including 70 SC pregnancies, 70 conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) following frozen embryo transfer (ET), and 70 IVF after fresh ET. Fetal neurosonography was performed at 32±2 weeks to assess cortical development. Sulci depths were measured off-line and normalized by biparietal diameter. Additionally, Ages & Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) were obtained postnatally, at 12±1 months of corrected age. Comparisons were adjusted by maternal age, ethnicity, nulliparity, fetal sex, weight centile and gestational age at scan for neurosonography, and by maternal age, ethnicity, nulliparity, educational level, employment status, new-born's gestational age at birth, breastfeeding, infant's sex and age at the ASQ evaluation.

In comparison to the SC, the fetuses conceived by ART showed is article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Fetuses conceived by ART show a distinctive pattern of cortical development and suboptimal infant neurodevelopment, with more pronounced changes in fresh ET. These findings support the existence of in utero brain reorganization associated to ART and warrant follow-up studies to assess their long-term persistence. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
To demonstrate a novel method for tracking of head movements during MRI using electroencephalography (EEG) hardware for recording signals induced by native imaging gradients.

Gradient switching during simultaneous EEG-fMRI induces distortions in EEG signals, which depend on subject head position and orientation. When EEG electrodes are interconnected with high-impedance carbon wire loops, the induced voltages are linear combinations of the temporal gradient waveform derivatives. We introduce head tracking based on these signals (CapTrack) involving 3 steps (1) phantom scanning is used to characterize the target sequence and a fast calibration sequence; (2) a linear relation between changes of induced signals and head pose is established using the calibration sequence; and (3) induced signals recorded during target sequence scanning are used for tracking and retrospective correction of head movement without prolonging the scan time of the target sequence. Performance of CapTrack is compared directly to intion, using EEG equipment already found at many research institutions.
To assess whether pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) alters or provides equivalent screening performance as placental growth factor (PlGF) when screening for preterm pre-eclampsia (PE) at 11-13 weeks of gestation.

This was a secondary analysis of a non-intervention screening study of 6546 singleton pregnancies that were screened prospectively for preterm PE in the first trimester between December 2016 and June 2018. Patient-specific risks for preterm PE were estimated by maternal history, mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI), PlGF and PAPP-A. A competing-risks model with biomarkers expressed as multiples of the median was used. All women and clinicians were blinded to the risk for preterm PE. The performance of screening for preterm PE using PlGF vs PAPP-A vs both PAPP-A and PlGF was assessed by comparing areas under the receiver-operating-characteristics (AUC) curves. McNemar's test was used to compare detection rate at a fixed false-positive rate (FPR) of 1 of preterm PE, consistent with previous literature. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
On an individual case basis, adoption of a screening strategy that uses PAPP-A instead of PlGF results in reduced detection of preterm PE, consistent with previous literature. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
The timing of removing abdominal drains, central venous catheters (CVC) and urinary catheters (UC) on post liver transplantation (LT) outcomes is not well elucidated.

To provide International expert panel recommendations and guidelines on time of drain and catheter removal as a part of an ERAS protocol to reduce the length of hospital stay and enhance recovery.

Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and recommendations using the GRADE approach derived from an international expert panel. Papers considered were those reporting one or more outcome of interest related to drainage and line removal in the setting of LT. POSPERO Protocol ID CRD42021238349 RESULTS On analysing five relevant studies pertaining to drains in patients undergoing LT (4 retrospective and one prospective), the length of hospital and/or ICU stay was similar or shorter, and postoperative morbidity and mortality were lower in those without drains. No studies pertaining specifically to the time of removal of drains, CVC's, or UC's is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
To summarize our experience in the application of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) in complicated monochorionic pregnancies.

This retrospective study analyzed data from a consecutive cohort of all monochorionic twin pregnancies treated with RFA or MWA at Peking University Third Hospital from January 2012 to December 2018. We followed up all surviving cotwins to assess their neurodevelopment using the Age & Stage Questionnaire Chinese version. DL-Thiorphan concentration We compared perinatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes between the RFA and MWA groups. We also fitted multivariate models to test the association between procedure-related factors and preterm birth (PTB) < 37 weeks, intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), adverse outcome (including IUFD, termination of pregnancy, and PTB < 28 weeks), and overall survival.

In total, 45 cases (42 twins and three triplets) underwent RFA, and 126 cases (105 twins and 21 triplets) underwent MWA. The overall survival rates of monochorionic diamniotic twins werThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The choice of RFA or MWA to treat complicated monochorionic pregnancies can achieve similar overall survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes, but MWA has more advantages in reducing the risk of preterm birth. Moreover, procedure-related factors are significantly associated with perinatal outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.An understanding of genetics is becoming increasingly relevant to receiving medical care. It is important for health care providers and educators, including genetic counselors, to understand patients' perceptions about trait transmission and their interpretation of terms used in biomedicine. Knowledge about the patient perspective about trait transmission is important when health care providers are not fluent in the patient's language. Sixty Latinx immigrant adults (30 men and 30 women) who were born in Mexico or Central America (MCA) and living in North Carolina were interviewed about their heredity beliefs. By design, most participants had limited education. Eight percent had a least a high school education; 45% had less than a seventh grade education. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted to examine how participants think and discuss trait transmission. The translated transcripts were systematically analyzed using a case-based approach, supplemented by theme-based coding. Five lay mental models of heredity were identified that varied in terms of involvement of genes. Four of the five heredity mental models encompass genes; four out of five mental models do not link DNA to heredity. The centrality of blood, whether used metaphorically or literally, varies widely across the models. One model references God and depicts that heredity involves blood and/or genes, but not DNA. The mental models of heredity for most adult immigrants with limited education do not include DNA. Trait transmission by blood appears to have a more prominent role in lay mental models held by Mexicans than Central Americans. Increased patient knowledge about genetics can facilitate shared decision-making as genetics becomes increasingly relevant to medical care. Efforts to educate people can be most effective when we first understand the layperson's conceptions or mental models. Health care providers and educators should be aware that MCA adults with limited formal education hold diverse mental models about heredity.
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