Notes

Conditionally Reprogrammed Cellular material along with Robotic High-Throughput Screening process for Accuracy Cancer Treatment.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.A photocatalytic system containing a perylene bisimide (PBI) dye as photosensitizer anchored to titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles through carboxyl groups was constructed. Under solar light irradiation in the presence of sacrificial triethanolamine (TEOA) in neutral and basic conditions (pH = 8.5), a reaction cascade is initiated where the PBI molecule firstly absorbs green light, followed by the formation of a stable radical anion (PBI •- ), which in a second step absorbs near-infrared light, followed by the formation of a stable PBI dianion (PBI 2- ). At last, the dianion absorbs red light and subsequently injects an electron into the TiO 2 nanoparticle that is coated with platinum co-catalyst for hydrogen evolution. The hydrogen evolution rates (HERs) are as high as 1216 and 1022 μmol·h -1 ·g -1 with simulated sunlight irradiation in neutral and basic conditions, respectively. The consecutive charging process of TiO 2 -surface bound electron-poor PBI into electron-rich PBI dianion offers an efficient strategy for photocatalytic hydrogen generation in aqueous phase. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.This Minireview highlights applications of ESI-MS (ElectroSpray Ionization Mass Spectrometry) for investigations of photochemical reactions. We show possible approaches to on-line ESI-MS monitoring of photocatalytic reactions and give examples of characterization of short-lived photochemical intermediates by ion spectroscopy. The minireview also exemplifies in-depth mass spectrometric studies of photoisomerization reactions and photofragmentation reactions. Apart from mechanistic studies, the coupling of photochemistry and mass spectrometry is a powerful approach in studying structure and properties of biomolecules. We show several examples focused on investigation of intrinsic properties of model biomolecules. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Material development requires in many cases information about the necessary stability of the materials against oxidation, which is encoded in the chemical activity of the constituting elements. Determination of the chemical activity is tedious, especially for metallic materials at or close to ambient temperature. To determine the chemical activity of Zn at ambient temperature, electromotive force (EMF) measurements on the intermetallic compounds ZnPd, ZnPt and Cu5 Zn8 within their respective homogeneity range were conducted. The single-phase nature of the samples was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction, light microscopy as well as SEM/EDX analysis. To exclude oxidation, and therefore faulty determination of the electrochemical potentials, a method was developed to conduct the electrochemical measurements under non-corrosive conditions in inert atmosphere. Corrosion by the electrolyte was avoided using anhydrous dimethylformamide as aprotic solvent. From the EMF the respective intrinsic activities of zinc in the corresponding intermetallic compounds was determined. Measurements on Cu5 Zn8 and comparison to available data in literature verified the developed method allowing to retrieve thermodynamic data of ZnPd and ZnPt for the first time at ambient temperature. The herein developed and easy-to-use methodology is applicable to a wide range of metallic material by choosing appropriate compositions of the electrolyte and has the potential to boost material development. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.Network analysis has emerged as a promising new statistical methodology for traumatic stress studies. The present special issue of the Journal of Traumatic Stress amalgamates the reports of 10 studies that employed network analysis to further the field's understanding of traumatic stress. The current issue includes reports of network analyses that sought to better understand the impact of different kinds of traumatic events, including childhood and gender-based trauma exposure, on PTSD symptomatology as defined under the DSM-5 and ICD-11, and examined the relation between PTSD symptoms and trauma-related dissociative experiences as well as the impact of psychological treatment on trauma recovery. Desferrioxamine B datasheet A variety of research designs from a diverse group of international samples were employed, including concurrent, longitudinal, experience-sampling, and treatment outcome studies. Finally, a commentary on the articles included in this special issue was provided by Dr. Carl Weems. © 2020 International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies.Previous studies reported that intrageneric relationships of genus Veratrum of family Melanthiaceae are controversial and hard to delimit. link2 Therefore, we observed the pollen morphological features of six species in the genus Veratrum in detail using both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and investigated their significance for Veratrum taxonomy. Among them, five were studied for the first time. The results demonstrated that pollen grains of Veratrum are medium in size with P/E being 0.31-0.60. Three types of shape in polar view have been observed elliptic, long-elliptic, or wide-elliptic with blunt or rounded at both ends. Two types of width of colpus reported narrow or wide, two types of depth of colpus reported deep or flat, and two types of length of colpus reported extend almost or do not extend to the ends, whereas two types of colpus membranes reported absent or obvious. One type of surface ornamentation was noted as reticulate. These results support species Veratrum album and Veratrum lobelianum as well as Veratrum grandiflorum and Veratrum oxysepalum as two independent species, respectively, rather than classifying Veratrum into two sections. Overall, we demonstrated that the ratio of polar axis length to equatorial axial length, pollen characteristics at the polar view, the colpus morphology, and the surface ornamentation of pollen grains of genus Veratrum have important systematic significance in identification and delimitation of species. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Vitamin K deficiency is known to cause impaired coagulation. We report a case of marked prolongation of the prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) associated with warfarin and vitamin K deficiency caused by endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD). CASE PRESENTATION Oral administration of warfarin was initiated in a 67-year-old man after left hemihepatectomy. He developed a biliary fistula after surgery that was treated by ENBD, which resulted in significant prolongation of the PT-INR. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION The effect of warfarin was enhanced in this patient due to reduced absorption of vitamin K as a result of external biliary drainage. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND Physicians' knowledge and practice of atrial fibrillation (AF) are determinants of the efficacy of thromboprophylaxis. HYPOTHESIS This study aimed to investigate physicians' knowledge, attitude, and practice toward AF, to analyze the influencing factors, and to provide data to support departments that develop health policies. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out from October 1, 2016, to March 31, 2018. A standard-structured anonymous questionnaire was completed by each participant through face-to-face interviews. RESULTS A total of 611 doctors from 38 hospitals were responded to this survey. The mean of the total score of the questionnaire was 21.59 ± 3.559 (total score of the questionnaire was 36), and the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice were 6.86 ± 1.70, 6.13 ± 1.35, and 8.59 ± 2.21, respectively. The doctor' s knowledge, practice scores, and total scores were positively correlated with the education level and the workplace. The influencing factors that affect doctors' knowledge, attitudes, and practice scores including education level, professional title, working years, hospital grade, and hospital location. CONCLUSIONS There was still a big gap in neurologists' knowledge and practice about AF. It is necessary to strengthen the continuous improvement of doctor training to improve the management of AF. © 2020 The Authors. Clinical Cardiology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Bisphosphonates (BPs) are widely prescribed drugs used to treat osteoporosis, commonly arising in postmenopausal women and in chronic glucocorticoid use. Their mechanism of action is through inhibiting osteoclast-induced bone remodeling, and they also possess calcium sequestering properties. Common side effects involve the gastrointestinal system and rare but serious side effects, including osteonecrosis of the jaw. However, a link between BPs and atrial fibrillation (AF) has been proposed, with early clinical trials, such as the Fracture Intervention Trial and the HORIZON Pivotal Fracture Trial, reporting that BPs are associated with increased risk of AF. Nevertheless, subsequent studies have reported contrasting results, ranging from no effect of BPs to antiarrhythmic effects of BPs. Preclinical and electrophysiological studies on any proarrhythmic effect of BPs are limited in scope and number, but suggest possible mechanisms that include antiangionesis-related myocardial remodeling, calcium handling abnormalities, and inflammatory changes. Contrastingly, some studies indicate that BPs are antiarrhythmic by inhibiting fibrotic myocardial remodeling. In order to continue established clinical prescribing of BPs within absolute margins of safety, it will be necessary to systematically rule in/rule out these mechanisms. Thus, we discuss these studies and examine in detail the potential mechanistic links, with the aim of suggesting further avenues for research. © 2020 New York Academy of Sciences.A number of important decision domains, including decisions about hiring, global warming, and weather hazards, are characterized by a global-local incompatibility. These domains involve variables that cannot be observed by a single decision maker (DM) and require the integration of observations from locally available information cues. This paper presents a new bifocal lens model that describes how the structure of the environment can lead to a unique form of overconfidence when generalizing the reliability of the local environment to a global scale. When the local environment does not reliably reflect the global environment, they are incompatible. While local perspectives vary across DMs, global-local incompatibility can be understood using the structure of classical test theory as the difference between (a) perceived estimates of the reliability derived from the local environment and (b) the true reliability of the local environment. I model global-local incompatibility as the difference between the true and estimated reliability when the assumptions of classical test theory are violated. Using a series of case studies and an empirical study, I demonstrate the widespread utility of this framework, and I conclude by discussing implications for cognitive-ecological theory, risk communication, and overconfidence. link3 © 2020 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.The molecular recognition of carbohydrates by proteins plays a key role in many biological processes including immune response, pathogen entry into a cell and cell-cell adhesion (e.g., in cancer metastasis). Carbohydrates interact with proteins mainly through hydrogen bonding, metal-ion-mediated interaction and non-polar dispersion interactions. The role of dispersion-driven CH-π interactions (stacking) in protein-carbohydrate recognition has been underestimated for a long time considering the polar interactions to be the main forces for saccharide interactions. However, over the last few years it turns out that non-polar interactions are equally important. In this study we analyzed the CH-π interactions employing bioinformatics (data mining, structural analysis), several experimental (ITC, X-ray crystallography) and computational techniques. The Protein Data Bank (PDB) has been used as a source of structural data. PDB contains over 12 000 protein complexes with carbohydrates. Stacking interactions are very frequently present in such complexes (about 39% of identified structures).
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