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Objectives We investigated whether social-cognitive variables predicted physical activity behavior and whether Internet use interrelated with the mediator, across age groups. Methods Participants (N = 466) were recruited for an online survey and path analyses were run to generate a proposed model examining late adolescents (Group 1, aged 17-20 years), young adults (Group 2, aged 21-40 years), and middle-aged adults (Group 3, aged 41-60 years). Results Positive associations between physical activity variables were as expected the relationships between self-efficacy and intention, self-efficacy and behavior, planning and behavior were statistically significant in Groups 1 and 2. The relationships between intention and planning were statistically significant in Groups 2 and 3. All groups showed statistically significant relationships between self-efficacy and planning. Positive associations between Internet use and physical activity emerged only in Group 1. Internet use was negatively correlated with physical activity planning only in Group 3. Conclusions Late adolescents should be supported to enhance physical activity planning, and middle-aged adults may benefit from support in reducing the possible conflicts between physical activity planning and time spent online. Furthermore, increasing self-efficacy for all groups is key to adopting and maintaining physical activity.Objective Sustained attention is critical for various activities of daily living, including engaging in health-enhancing behaviors and inhibition of health compromising behaviors. Sustained attention activates neural networks involved in episodic memory function, a critical cognition for healthy living. Acute exercise has been shown to activate these same neural networks. Thus, it is plausible that engaging in a sustained attention task and engaging in a bout of acute exercise may have an additive effect in enhancing memory function, which was the purpose of this experiment. Methods 23 young adults (Mage = 20.7 years) completed 2 visits, with each visit occurring approximately 24 hours apart, in a counterbalanced order, including (1) acute exercise with sustained attention, and (2) sustained attention only. Memory was assessed using a word-list paradigm and included a short- and long-term memory assessment. Sustained attention was induced via a sustained attention to response task (SART). Acute exercise involved a 15-minute bout of moderate-intensity exercise. Results Short-term memory performance was significantly greater than long-term memory, Mdiff = 1.86, p less then .001, and short-term memory for Exercise with Sustained Attention was significantly greater than short-term memory for Sustained Attention Only, Mdiff = 1.50, p = .01. Conclusion Engaging in an acute bout of exercise before a sustained attention task additively influenced short-term memory function.Objectives Hemodialysis is the most used renal replacement modality for end-stage renal disease patients. Dialysis patients are usually assessed for quality of life (QoL) but smiling was never studied. Duchenne smile is a genuine expression of joy, associated with better survival in some groups of the general population. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether the smile of dialysis patients can predict their QoL and mortality. Methods All hemodialysis patients in Saint-George Hospital were included in this prospective study. Patients were interviewed using the Health-Related QoL questionnaire and followed for 10 days for smile screening. Those who smiled more than 34% of time were considered as smiling, then followed for death over 2 years. Results Overall, 71 patients were studied. Duchenne smile was associated with death at 1 and 2 years (HR = 0.194 [95% CI 0.039-0.958], p = .044) but not with sex or diabetes. Smiling showed a statistically significant correlation with older age, fewer hospitalizations, vitality, physical component score, several QoL scores and general health. Conclusions A simple observation of patients' Duchenne smile by nephrologists in hemodialysis units can give an idea about their QoL and 2-year survival.Objectives We sought to identify patterns of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KABs) about influenza and influenza vaccination among healthcare personnel (HCP) and define characteristics associated with these patterns. Methods We used an Internet panel survey of HCP (N = 2265) during March 27-April 17, 2018; clustered HCP by their vaccination-related KABs. Results Four clusters were identified Immunization Champions (61.1% of the sample) received influenza vaccine to prevent disease; Unworried Vaccinators (15.4%) received the influenza vaccine but did not believe influenza is a serious threat to themselves; Fence Sitters (8.1%) believed the vaccine is safe and worth the time and expense but is not effective; Skeptics (15.4%) did not believe the vaccine is safe or effective. Influenza vaccination coverage was 78.4% overall and higher among Immunization Champions (90.2%) and Unworried Vaccinators (87.0%) than Fence Sitters (61.6%) or Skeptics (32.2%). Conclusions Findings suggest that based on KABs, the 3 clusters comprising 85% of HCP might be vaccinated in the future. Using messages specific to each group may improve vaccination coverage among HCP.Objectives Indoor tanning, which is most common among 18-25-year-old white women, increases the risk of skin cancer. To address this problem, we developed and tested messages with a national sample of indoor tanners to determine beliefs that would encourage them to quit. Methods Messages discouraging indoor tanning using different persuasive themes (skin cancer risk, appearance risk, well-being enhancement) were developed based on formative research and a review of intervention efforts. We conducted an online experiment to test the final messages with a national sample of 480 indoor tanners. Results Messages that emphasized skin cancer risk out-performed messages that focused on well-being enhancement or damage to appearance in terms of intention to quit indoor tanning. click here Analyses revealed 2 key mediators perceived argument strength and beliefs related to the effects of indoor tanning. Conclusions Theory- and evidence-informed public health communications can contribute to improving health-related behaviors. Focusing on the risk of skin cancer may be the most effective strategy to reduce indoor tanning among young white women.Objectives In the current study, we aimed to compare the levels of and factors associated with mental health attitude between males and females. Of particular interest was ascertaining the degree to which mental health literacy was related to mental health attitude and whether this relationship would vary by gender. Methods A total of 732 participants aged 18 years or more were recruited from attendees at the 2016 Minnesota State Fair. We used the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) to measure attitude toward and literacy of mental health. Results Our multivariate analysis reported that males' mental health attitude was significantly lower than females. Some factors associated with mental health attitude differed by gender as well. Among men, receiving more social support, experiencing higher levels of depression, and being married predicted greater mental health attitude. Among women, older age was associated with lower mental health attitude levels. However, mental health literacy was the strongest factor regardless of gender. Men and women with greater mental health literacy had a more positive mental health attitude. Conclusions Provision of tailored mental health literacy education both for males and females could potentially improve the public's mental health attitude toward mental illness.Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common bone cancer, causes high morbidity in children and youngadults. TRIM46 is a member of the family of tripartite motif (TRIM)-containing proteins that serve asimportant regulators of tumorigenesis. Here, we investigate the possible role of TRIM46 in OS andthe underlying molecular mechanism. We report an increase in the expression of TRIM46 in OS andits association with tumor size, Enneking's stage, and patient prognosis. TRIM46 knockdown inhibitsOS cell viability and cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis, while TRIM46 overexpression exertsinverse effects, which are inhibited by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα)overexpression and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC).Furthermore, TRIM46 negatively regulates PPAR expression via ubiquitination-mediated proteindegradation and modification. PPAR overexpression also inactivates NF-κB signaling and NF-κBpromoter activity in OS cells overexpressing TRIM46. Moreover, TRIM46 knockdown inhibits tumorgrowth and induces apoptosis of OS cells in vivo. TRIM46 acts as an oncogene in OS by interactingwith and ubiquitinating PPARα, resulting in the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, TRIM46may be a potential biomarker of carcinogenesis.Universal health coverage is central to the development agenda to achieve maternal and neonatal health goals. Although there is evidence of a growing preference for institutional births in India, it is important to understand the pattern of switching location of childbirth and the factors associated with it. This study used data from the fourth round of the National Family and Health Survey (NFHS-4) conducted in India in 2015-16. The study sample comprised 59,629 women who had had at least two births in the five years preceding the survey. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to the data. About 16.4% of the women switched their location of childbirth between successive births; 9.1% switched to a health facility contributing to a net increment of 1.9% in institutional delivery, varying greatly across states and regions. There was at least a 4 percentage point net increment in institutional births in Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Punjab and Haryana, but the shift was more in favour of home births in Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal. Women with high parity and a large birth interval had higher odds of switching their place of childbirth, and this was in favour of a health facility, while women with higher education, from lower social groups, living in urban areas, who had not received four antenatal care visits, and who belonged to a higher wealth quintile had higher odds of switching their place of childbirth to a health facility, despite having lower odds of switching their childbirth location. The study provides evidence of women in India switching their location of childbirth for successive births, and this was more prevalent in areas where the rate of institutional delivery was low. Only a few states showed a higher net increment in favour of a health facility. This suggests that there is a need for action in specific states and regions of India to achieve universal health coverage.OBJECTIVE Bereavement care is one of the major components of hospice palliative care. Previous studies revealed the barriers to the success of the system, including lack of time or support from mental health professionals. Few studies have explored the intrapersonal barriers to bereavement care by clinical staff. The aims of the study were to explore (1) the emotional and cognitive barriers of bereavement care by hospice palliative care staff and (2) the demographic and work characteristics related to these emotional and cognitive barriers. METHOD The participants were clinical staff (n = 301) who were working in hospice palliative care units, including hospice wards, home care, and hospital-based palliative care teams. Their professional backgrounds included physicians (n = 12), nurses (n = 172), social workers (n = 59), psychologists (n = 34), spiritual care specialists (n = 15), and others (n = 9). A cross-sectional design was used and a standardized questionnaire including emotional and cognitive barriers was developed.
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