Notes

A microfluidic sperm-sorting device decreases the percentage of ejaculate along with double-stranded DNA fragmentation.
Data regarding repeated reperfusion therapy (rRT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), including intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment (EVT), are quite poor. To date, there are only few case reports and five larger studies on repeated EVT. We aimed to report our single-center experience and describe different clinical scenarios of recurrent AIS with emergent large vessel occlusion (LVO), for which the decision-making process could be challenging in the emergency setting. We retrospectively reviewed 765 consecutive AIS patients with LVO, who underwent reperfusion procedures at our comprehensive stroke center, from 2014 to 2020, and identified rRT patients. We identified and reviewed the medical records of eight patients (1.05%), who repeated reperfusive treatment for recurrent stroke within 30 days (early arterial reocclusion, EAR) and after 30 days (late arterial reocclusion, LAR). We assigned collected data to three clinical scenarios, each divided into EAR and LAR cases. All patients had recurrent emergent LVO in the same vessel territory previously affected, both in EAR and LAR patients. A good clinical outcome has been achieved in EAR patients (modified Rankin Score ≤ 2). Artery-to-artery embolic mechanism was more common in the EAR group, while LAR was more frequently associated with cardioembolic source. RRT appears to be an effective treatment option for recurrent LVO, and it should not be withheld in carefully selected patients. EVT should be considered, including aspiration-only and stenting procedures in patients with AIS and recurrent LVO after previous reperfusive treatments, even after a very short time.Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has proven to be an effective tool for epidemiological surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, combining WBE together with high-throughput sequencing techniques can be useful for the analysis of SARS-CoV-2 viral diversity present in a given sample. The present study focuses on the genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in 76 sewage samples collected during the three epidemiological waves that occurred in Spain from 14 wastewater treatment plants distributed throughout the country. The results obtained demonstrate that the metagenomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater allows the detection of mutations that define the B.1.1.7 lineage and the ability of the technique to anticipate the detection of certain mutations before they are detected in clinical samples. The study proves the usefulness of sewage sequencing to track Variants of Concern that can complement clinical testing to help in decision-making and in the analysis of the evolution of the pandemic.Increasing biochar application worldwide may release more biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) to the source water for drinking water supply. However, it is unclear how feedstock types and pyrolysis temperatures for biochar production would affect the characteristics and chlorine reactivity of BDOM. Here, we studied the spectroscopic characteristics of BDOM pyrolyzed from pine needle, wheat straw, walnut shells, alfalfa, pig manure, and sludge derived biochars at 300, 500, and 700 °C, as well as the formation potential of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and their bulk toxicity after BDOM chlorination. The N/C ratio of biochar was higher for N-rich than C-rich feedstocks. Optical analyses indicated that BDOM aromaticity was highest at 700 °C, while the impact of pyrolysis temperature on the molecular weight of BDOM varied greatly among feedstocks. Increasing pyrolysis temperature caused consistently decreased BDOM reactivity toward haloketone formation but did not show consistent impacts on the other DBPs. Among feedstocks, the N-rich sludge showed the highest specific haloacetonitrile formation potential of BDOM at any given pyrolysis temperature. The DBP formation potential from biochar was consistently highest at 300 °C and was higher for N-rich than C-rich feedstocks. The microtoxicity of DBP mixture was highest for the BDOM derived from sludge produced at 300 °C. This study highlights the high variations in characteristics and chlorination reactivity of BDOM with varying feedstocks and pyrolysis temperatures, which implies that more attention should be paid to the environmental impacts of the intensive application of low-temperature biochar from N-rich feedstock such as sludge.The miniaturization of reaction processes by microreactors offers many significant advantages over the use of larger, conventional reactors. Microreactors' interior structures exhibit comparatively higher surface area-to-volume ratios, which reduce reactant diffusion distances, enable faster and more efficient heat and mass transfer, and better control over process conditions. These advantages can be exploited to significantly enhance the performance of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) commonly used for the removal of water pollutants. This comprehensive review of the rapidly emerging area of environmental microfluidics describes recent advances in the development and application of microreactors to AOPs for water and wastewater treatment. Consideration is given to the hydrodynamic properties, construction materials, fabrication techniques, designs, process features, and upscaling of microreactors used for AOPs. The use of microreactors for various AOP types, including photocatalytic, electrochemical, Fenton, ozonation, and plasma-phase processes, showcases how microfluidic technology enhances mass transfer, improves treatment efficiency, and decreases the consumption of energy and chemicals. Despite significant advancements of microreactor technology, organic pollutant degradation mechanisms that operate during microscale AOPs remain poorly understood. Moreover, limited throughput capacity of microreactor systems significantly restrains their industrial-scale applicability. Since large microreactor-inspired AOP systems are needed to meet the high-throughput requirements of the water treatment sector, scale-up strategies and recommendations are suggested as priority research opportunities. While microstructured reactor technology remains in an early stage of development, this work offers valuable insight for future research and development of AOPs in microreactors for environmental purposes.Holotrichia oblita (Faldermann) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) is an insect whose feeding and mating behaviors occur at night. A scotophase is necessary for H. oblita reproduction. We used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to compare the expression patterns of H. oblita at five photoperiods (024, 816, 1212, 168, and 240 h) (LD). Compared to the control (240) (LD), 161-684 differentially expressed unigenes (DEUs) were found in female samples, while 698-2322 DEUs were found in male samples. For all DEUs, a total of 92-1143 DEUs were allocated to 116-662 categories of gene ontology (GO), and 81-1116 DEUs were assigned into 77-286 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The iPath diagram showed that the DEUs generated by comparing female and male samples with photoperiods of 024 and 240, respectively, involved multiple metabolic pathways, such as carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, purine metabolism and glutathione metabolism. Most of these DEUs were upregulated. Finally, 13 DEUs related to reproduction and development were selected to confirm the consistency of relative expression between RNA-Seq and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Most of these comparison results agreed well, except for some qRT-PCR results that were not detected in male samples due to their low expression. These results provide useful information for understanding the dark-induced reproduction of H. oblita.
This study aimed to examine the relationship between dietary practices and sleep in young children.

In this study, 2-y-old children (n=6327) and their mothers were enrolled at birth and during pregnancy, respectively. The study obtained maternal demographic, health, and lifestyle data during late pregnancy. Parents reported the 2-y-old child's dietary practices on a food frequency questionnaire, as well as sleep duration and night-waking frequency. Measures of dietary intake quantified servings per day for each food group (grouped as low/moderate/high intake). Sleep measures were as inadequate sleep when <11 h sleep in a 24-h period and increased night waking when waking ≥2 times per night. Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined associations between toddler diet and sleep, which were described using adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals.

In this study, 2-y-old children (n=6288) slept for a mean of 12.3 hours (standard deviation ±1.5 hours) over a 24-h period, with 734 c is associated with less disrupted sleep. Dietary modifications may improve toddlers' sleep.
The aim of the study is to calculate the years of life lost (YLL) and years of potential life lost (YPLL) due to COVID-19, according to age groups in Turkey in the first year of the pandemic and the cost of this burden.

This is an observational study with quantitative analyses.

YLL due to premature deaths was calculated for men and women by interpolating the number of deaths and the expected life expectancy. YPLL was calculated according to the age 65 years. 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine PROTAC Linker chemical Productivity loss is an estimation of the cost of time lost at work-related activities-in a scenario analysis-using predetermined wage rates with the human capital theory.

Men lost 205,177 (67.57%) years of life, whereas women lost 125,330 (32.43%) years of life. The YLL average age in men was 63.66±14.66 years, and the YLL average age in women was 66.07±15.46 years. The average YLL age in men was younger than in women (P<0.001). Men lost 65,180 (70.16%) YPLL, whereas women lost 27,723 (29.84%) YPLL. The average YPLL age in women was younger than in men (P<0.001). During one year of the pandemic, premature death cost Turkey 227,396,694 USD, the cost for one premature death was 14,187 USD, and the cost of any year of life lost was 1261 USD.

YLL and YPLLs are very closely associated with COVID-19 deaths in the country. The economic dimensions of the pandemic with human losses are quite high.
YLL and YPLLs are very closely associated with COVID-19 deaths in the country. The economic dimensions of the pandemic with human losses are quite high.
In the field of family health, cross-sectoral collaboration is promoted to reach vulnerable groups and overcome the prevention dilemma. To understand the extent to which these measures counteract the effects of social inequality with respect to health and social service uptake, we aim to identify socio-economic, health-related and psychosocial characteristics and patterns that are associated with the (non-)use of services.

This was a German representative cross-sectional study of 6860 mothers with a child younger than 48 months who answered the written questionnaire during child developmental examinations at paediatric practices in 2015.

Associations were measured using logistic regression, and characteristics of user patterns were analysed using latent class analysis.

Mothers using universal services were less likely to report psychosocial stress and had more likely more socio-economic resources than mothers who did not use these services. The selective services pregnancy counselling (18.2%) were predominantly used by mothers who considered abortion during pregnancy (Odds Ratio [OR]=3.
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