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Polymorphisms with the family genes ABCG2, SLC22A12 and also XDH as well as their relation along with hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia in Asian adults.
Across all drug studies, no consistent evidence of increased harm was found. Limitations Few methodologically rigorous trials have been done. Existing trials are hampered by small sample sizes, high attrition rates, and heterogeneity of concurrent interventions and outcomes assessment. Conclusion Although data on pharmacologic interventions for CUD are scarce, evidence exists that several drug classes, including cannabinoids and SSRIs, are ineffective. Because of increasing access to and use of cannabis in the general population, along with a high prevalence of CUD among current cannabis users, an urgent need exists for more research to identify effective pharmacologic treatments. Primary Funding Source U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (PROSPERO CRD42018108064).Background Observational studies using traditional research designs suggest that influenza vaccination reduces hospitalizations and mortality among elderly persons. Accordingly, health authorities in some countries prioritize vaccination of this population. Nevertheless, questions remain about this policy's effectiveness given the potential for bias and confounding in observational data. Objective To determine the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in reducing hospitalizations and mortality among elderly persons by using an observational research design that reduces the possibility of bias and confounding. Design A regression discontinuity design was applied to the sharp change in vaccination rate at age 65 years that resulted from an age-based vaccination policy in the United Kingdom. In this design, comparisons were limited to individuals who were near the age-65 threshold and were thus plausibly similar along most dimensions except vaccination rate. Setting England and Wales. Participants Adults aged 55 to 75 years residing in the study area during 2000 to 2014. Intervention Seasonal influenza vaccine. Measurements Hospitalization and mortality rates by month of age. Results The data included 170 million episodes of care and 7.6 million deaths. Turning 65 was associated with a statistically and clinically significant increase in rate of seasonal influenza vaccination. However, no evidence indicated that vaccination reduced hospitalizations or mortality among elderly persons. The estimates were precise enough to rule out results from many previous studies. Limitation The study relied on observational data, and its focus was limited to individuals near age 65 years. Conclusion Current vaccination strategies prioritizing elderly persons may be less effective than believed at reducing serious morbidity and mortality in this population, which suggests that supplementary strategies may be necessary. Primary Funding Source National Institute on Aging.The effects of providing rest on physiological and behavioural indicators of welfare of cattle being transported by road has not been well studied in North America. New revisions to Canada's Health of Animals Regulations Part XII Transportation of Animals indicate un-weaned and weaned calves can be transported a maximum of 12 and 36 h, respectively, before an 8 h rest is required. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of rest duration, after 12 and 36 h of transport, on physiological and behavioural indicators of welfare in 7-8 mo-old beef calves. Three hundred and twenty conditioned calves (258 ± 23.9 kg BW) were randomly assigned to a 2 × 4 factorial design where the main factors included transport duration 12 h (12; n = 160) and 36 h (36; n = 160) and rest stop duration 0 h (R0; n = 80), 4 h (R4; n = 80), 8 h (R8; n = 80) and 12 h (R12; n = 80). DNA Repair inhibitor After the resting period, animals were transported for an additional 4 h. Blood and hair samples were taken from 12 animals per treatment prioeraction (p less then 0.01) was observed for lying percentage where, 36-R8 calves had greater (p less then 0.01) lying percentage than 12-R8 calves on d 1 after transportation. The area under the curve (AUC) for NEFA was greater (p less then 0.01) for 36-R0 calves than 12-R0, 36-R4, and 36-R8 calves, and greater (p less then 0.01) in 36-R12 calves than 12-R12 calves. Haptoglobin AUC was greater (p = 0.05) in 36-R12 than 12-R12 calves. link2 Overall, physiological indicators of reduced welfare were greater in calves transported for 36 than 12 h, while no clear differences were observed between rest stop groups with the exception of NEFA. Based on these results, conditioned calves benefit from shorter transport durations but there was no clear evidence that calves rested 4, 8, and 12 h following transportation experienced reduced transport related stress compared to those that were not rested (0h).BACKGROUND The relation between glucose homeostasis and outcome in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is unclear. To investigate whether glucose abnormalities assessed by using continuous interstitial glucose monitoring (CGM) correlate with later neurological outcomes in HIE. METHODS Prospective cohort study recruiting full-term neonates who received therapeutic hypothermia for HIE. CGM devices were placed soon after birth and recorded glucose profile for 3 days. The association between hypoglycemia (≤50 mg/dL), hyperglycemia (>144 mg/dL) and primary outcome defined as death or moderate or severe disability was examined with generalized estimating equations adjusted for Apgar scores, umbilical artery pH and base deficit. link3 Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed between 18 and 24 months. RESULTS Fifty-four neonates had outcome data available for the analysis; 19 of them (35%) had adverse outcome. Longer duration of hypoglycemia (OR 7.1, 95% CI 1.8-20.3, P  less then  0.001) and hyperglycemia (OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.6-15.7, P  less then  0.001), a greater area under the hypoglycemic (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.4-4.6, P = 0.04) and hyperglycemic (OR 6.4, 95% CI 1.9-16.3, P  less then  0.001) curve were significantly associated with adverse outcomes. CONCLUSION Both hyper and hypoglycemia may be associated with adverse outcome in neonates with HIE. Future studies are needed to assess their prognostic association with neurological outcome. IMPACT Glucose abnormalities during therapeutic hypothermia are associated with later neurological outcomes.Increased glucose variability correlates to the neurological outcome between 18 and 24 months.This study provides the first data on the continuous glucose profile in a group of HIE infants followed up to 2 years of age.Glucose homeostasis represents a key point in the management of HIE patients.Further research is needed to find the appropriate glycemic target in this population.BACKGROUND Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are hydrocarbons that originate within different healthy and diseased tissues. VOCs can be secreted into the circulation and then excreted in the urine and faeces. In the lungs, VOCs are locally produced and can be detected in exhaled breath. VOCs can be identified using non-invasive techniques, which make their use in preterm infants safe and desirable. METHODS A systematic search of the literature in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science was conducted looking for VOCs techniques and diagnostic performance in preterm infants. A total of 50 articles identified with only seven papers were included in the final analysis in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). RESULTS VOCs could diagnose necrotising enterocolitis up to 4 days before a clinical diagnosis; for late onset sepsis, up to 3 days before; and for bronchopulmonary dysplasia, up to 2 weeks before. In addition to these diagnostic uses, VOCs analysis could also distinguish breastfed from formula-fed preterm neonates in the first month of life. CONCLUSION VOCs analysis is a non-invasive tool that makes the use in preterm infants of preference. VOCs analytic techniques require more research and consensus between researchers to overcome their limitations. IMPACT Volatile organic compounds are hydrocarbons that can separate between healthy and diseased states in preterm infants. Biomarker panels developed from volatile organic compounds are potential diagnostic tools. The non-invasive nature of acquiring volatile organic compounds markers make it desirable in the paediatric patients. Research into exact chemical components of the volatile organic compounds can inform about the pathophysiology of disease in preterm infants. More robust longitudinal studies with repeated experiments are required before volatile organic compounds can be applied in clinical practice.BACKGROUND Preterm birth has adverse consequences on the cardiovascular system. Whether premature birth is associated with conduction and repolarisation abnormalities past childhood and into adulthood still needs to be demonstrated. METHODS We analyzed the ECG of young adults (23.9 ± 3.1 years) born term (≥37 weeks, n = 53) and preterm (500 ms) at rest; exercise revealed severely prolonged QTc in two participants including one in the preterm group. The use of QT-prolonging medications did not influence ECG parameters in either groups. CONCLUSIONS We observed no significant difference in electrocardiographic measurements between young adults born preterm and term. Current results do not support avoidance of QT-prolonging medications in individuals born preterm. IMPACT Preterm birth is associated with adverse cardiovascular consequences in early adulthood, but controversial evidence exists regarding differences in electrocardiographic features between young individuals born term and preterm.This study aims to assess the differences in electrocardiographic features between young adults born term and preterm, at rest and during exercise training.In contrast with previously published data, we observed no significant difference in electrocardiographic measurements between young adults born preterm and term.Our study does not support that preterm birth itself exposes young adults to a higher risk of QT prolongation.Current results do not support avoidance of QT-prolonging medications in individuals born preterm.BACKGROUND The purpose was to explore whether baseline sociodemographic and physical characteristics moderated effects of an intervention on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), percent body fat, body mass index z-score, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) at post intervention, relative to the control condition. METHODS A secondary analysis of data from a group randomized trial including 24 schools (12 intervention and 12 control; N = 1519 girls) was conducted. Age, ethnicity, race, socioeconomic status, and pubertal stage were assessed via survey. Height, weight, MVPA (min/h), percent body fat, and CRF were measured. Mixed-effects linear models were performed. RESULTS Compared to the control, the intervention increased overweight and obese girls' CRF (b = 0.28, p = 0.049; b = 0.31, p  less then 0.01, respectively), but not healthy weight girls' CRF (b = 0.04, p = 0.706). Pre- to mid-puberty girls in the intervention group had slightly lower post-intervention MVPA than those in the control (3.04 vsing a physical activity intervention to optimally meet each girl's needs to achieve maximal effects.Findings show that weight status moderated the intervention effects on cardiorespiratory fitness. Compared to the control condition, the intervention increased overweight and obese, but not healthy weight, girls' cardiorespiratory fitness.A physical activity intervention can improve overweight and obese girls' cardiorespiratory fitness, possibly attenuating their cardiovascular risk. Therefore, it is essential to include overweight and obese girls in PA interventions to help them reap this important benefit.
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