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Paeoniflorin and amygdalin are two major active saponins constituents in some Chinese herbal formulas used for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. However, their intestinal absorption property and metabolic characteristics have not been clarified. The aim of this work was to study the absorption property of Paeoniflorin and Amygdalin across Caco-2 cell monolayer and their metabolic characteristics on the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme. The results showed that the transport amount of Paeoniflorin and Amygdalin was positively correlated with the time and concentrations, and the transport amount from AP side to BL side was higher than that from BL to AP. The absorptions of Paeoniflorin and Amygdalin were reduced by P-glycoprotein, which provided the pharmacokinetic basis for their clinical application. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Paeoniflorin and Amygdalin had obvious inhibiting effects on CYP2C9 and CYP2E1. The transports of Paeoniflorin and Amygdalin across Caco-2 cell monolayer model were deduced as the passive transport, which indicated that the present bioassay system was appropriate and reliable for the evaluation of the transport characteristics and metabolic characteristics of active ingredient groups in Bu-yang-huan-wu decoction. Moreover, this research method may also be suitable for the appropriate bioactivity and metabolic characteristics analysis of other plant extracts.This paper describes the development and validation of a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of artemether and lumefantrine in fixed dose combination tablets. Chromatographic quantitation was carried out on a C-18 column Mediterrania Sea 18 (250×4.6 mm i.d.; 5 µm particle size) using a mobile phase consisting of 8020 v/v mixture of acetonitrile and 0.05 % trifluoroacetic acid with final pH adjusted to 2.35 at flow rate of 1 ml/minute. selleck inhibitor The eluents was detected using photo diode array detector at wavelength of 210nm for artemether and 286 nm for lumefantrine. The retention times were ~5.8 mins for artemether and ~7.3 mins for lumefantrine. The newly developed method was validated and was found linear (r2 >0.99), precise (R.S.D. <2.0%), accurate, specific and robust. The artemether contents in the tablet formulation varied from 99.026 % to 99.347%, while lumefantrine contents were 99.546-99.728 %.Leukemia is one of the malignant tumors of hemopoietic system which is characterized by the block of hematopoietic cell differentiation and maturation, increased proliferation of undifferentiated cells and impairment of normal apoptosis process. The proliferating leukemia cells accumulated in bone marrow and other hemopoietic tissue, infiltrated other organs and tissues, so that the normal hematopoiesis will be inhibited. Chemotherapy is currently the most effective means of treatment of leukemia which has greatly improved survival rate, but it also induces undesirable adverse effects and high recurrence rate. Therefore, it is necessary to search for new drugs with low toxicity for the treatment of leukemia. Rehmannia glutinosa is a traditional Chinese medcine and polysaccharides of Rehmannia glutinosa (RPS) were reported to have the immune stimulatory effect and anti-tumor effect both in vivo and in vitro. After incubating K562 cells (a kind of chronic mylogenous leukemia cell model) with different concentration of RPS, we found that RPS could induce cells arrest in G0/G1 phase and apoptosis, meanwhile, the cell proliferation was also inhibited. Moreover, the expression of Bcl2 was downregulated, and the activity of Caspase3 was improved after incubating K562 cells with RPS for 48 h.Respiratory tract infection is one of the most commonly spread communicable diseases. Among the causative organisms, bacteria are the most common causes of serious disease and deaths. A total of 32 samples were taken from Mansoura Lung Diseases Hospital and Kafr El-Sheikh General Diseases Hospital, in addition to 5 control samples were screened for the presence of different pathogens. In a total of 32 diseased samples, by PCR method, in Mansoura Lung Diseases Hospital, Hemophilus influenzae was detected in 2 samples, in addition to Klebsiella pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis which were detected in 7 and 7 samples respectively. Mixed microbial infections were detected in 4 samples identified mainly as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, in Kafr El-Sheikh General Diseases Hospital, Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected in 8 and 8 isolates respectively. Mixed microbial infections were detected in 7 samples identified mainly as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. DNA chip for pathogen detection indicated 100% matching with the test performed by PCR. Control samples were free from any pathogen. These results demonstrate variable results with respect to the geographical distribution and the possibility for fast identification of respiratory pathogens even in mixed culture in very short time.Filamentous fungus F03 belonging to Basidiomycota was obtained and identified as Phlebiopsis crassa based on ITS sequence when Morchella. sp was isolated from the wild fruiting body by spores releasing method. Chemical constituents were separated by gel chromatography, HPLC and recrystallization. Structures of compounds were confirmed by NMR data. Four products orsellinic acid (1), α-nigerose (2), uridine (3), N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide (4) were identified and all compounds were isolated from the genus Phlebiopsis for the first time.The methanolic extract of leaves and stem of Cestrum nocturnum and Cestrum diurnum were investigated for their antioxidant and anticancer attribute through standard methods. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was carried out to estimate the antioxidant activity of the extracts. Whereas, anticancer potential of extracts were tested against colon cancer cell line, HCT 116 and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines, THP-1. Results showed that extracts of both plants exhibited a very strong antioxidant activity in a dose dependent manner. In addition, both extracts efficiently increased the cell death in two different cancer cell lines. Moreover, DNA fragmentation analysis further strengthens the anticancer potential of extracts of both types of plants. Current study, therefore, provide a preliminary data highlighting the antioxidant and anticancer activities of methanolic extract of leaves and stem of Cestrum nocturnum and Cestrum diurnum.To investigate the effects of apigenin on the injury caused by oxygen and glucose deprivation in neurons and the underlying mechanisms, primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons were incubated with apigenin for 90 min before a 2-h oxygen and glucose deprivation followed by a 24-h reperfusion (OGD/R). Subsequently, cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage rate, apoptotic rate of neurons and activity of the sodium pump were assessed. In addition, activity of the sodium pump was also examined in the hippocampus of SD rats injected intraperitoneally with apigenin 90 min before a 10-min global cerebral ischemia/24-h reperfusion. The results showed that cell viability and activity of the sodium pump markedly decreased but LDH leakage rate and apoptotic rate significantly increased in OGD/R-treated neurons. However, pretreatment with apigenin (20-50μmol/L) reversed the changes dose-dependently. Compared to sham controls, activity of the sodium pump was significantly suppressed in global ischemia/reperfusion rats; application of apigenin (200mg/kg) restored the activity of the sodium pump. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effect of apigenin was blocked partly by the sodium pump inhibitor ouabain. Our findings provide the evidence that apigenin has a neuroprotective effect against OGD/R injury and the protective effect may be associated with its ability to improve sodium pump activity.The present research work was designed to evaluate the effects of curcumin supplementation on various biochemical parameters in rats with thioacetamide (TAA) induced liver cirrhosis. For this purpose 24 male Albino Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four groups (n=6).Group I served as control, Group II and Group III received thioacetamide 200mg/kg b.w, i.p, twice a week for 12 weeks in first phase. In second phase Group II received saline and Group III received curcumin 50mg/kg b.w/day, i.p for 12 weeks, in second phase, Group IV received curcumin 50mg/kg b.w/day, i.p, for 12 weeks, in first phase and saline in second phase. Evaluation of histopathological and biochemical parameters was carried out by liver histopathology and estimation of total and direct bilirubin, liver specific enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, MDA level, plasma and intraerythrocyte sodium and potassium respectively. Histopathology of liver showed highest degree of fibrosis and nodule formation, significant alteration in biochemical parameters indicated development of severe liver cirrhosis. Curcumin treatment showed reduced amount of fibrosis and significant reduction in level of liver biomarkers, reversal of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GSH), MDA level, catalase activity and regain of electrolyte homeostasis. These findings confirm the protective role of curcumin in liver cirrhosis.The extraction procedure and antioxidant activity were investigated for total proanthocyanidins extracts from Abutilon theophrasti Medic. leaves collected in August, September and October. The maximum extraction yield was achieved with 90% ethanol, 80°C of heating reflux temperature, 149.94 min of extraction time and 60(ml/g) of the ratio of solvent and material, which were optimized by Box-Behnken Design of response surface method. Spectrophotometric study displayed that total proanthocyanidins content was (0.44±0.02)% (0.52±0.01)% and (0.59±0.01)% for August, September and October samples, respectively. The proanthocyanidins extracts exhibited much stronger antioxidant activity to scavenge ABTS and DPPH free radicals, and reduce ferric power than the control synthetic antioxidant BHT. The present findings suggest that the proanthocyanidins extract from Abutilon theophrasti Medic. leaves was a very interesting candidate for the research and development of natural and healthy antioxidant for the pharmaceutical and food industries.The connection of nearly all current antipsychotic drugs to their in vivo cytogenetic activity has not been yet fully investigated. Fluvoxamine, Valproic acid (VA) and Haloperidol (HLP) are three universally common consumed psychotic drugs whereas used to treat several psychiatric disorders. This study aims to investigate the cytogenetic effects of these three psychotropic drugs by evaluating the frequency of Sister Chromatid Exchanges (SCEs) and the Proliferation Rate Index (PRI) in cultured lymphocytes. Fifteen patients with psychiatric disorders (i.e. depression, bipolar and schizophrenia) consisting of smokers and non-smokers were included. Estimation of SCEs was used as a sensitive biomarker of the potential cytotoxicity, while PRI was used as a valuable marker of cytostatic activity. A significant increase of SCEs in the cultured lymphocyte of the smoker controls (P= 0.013) was found in compared to the non-smoker controls. This study found that there is no difference in the average of SCEs values in lymphocytes isolated from the smoker and non-smoker patients treated with Fluvoxamine, Valproic acid and Haloperidol (P> 0.
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