Notes

G-quadruplex-forming aptamer raises the peroxidase action regarding myoglobin in opposition to luminol.
90 to predict poor, suboptimal, and excellent natriuretic response, and outperformed clinically obtained net fluid loss (p<0.05 for all cutpoints). In the YDP cohort (n=161) using the NRPE to direct therapy mean daily urine output (1.8 ± 0.9 l vs. 3.0 ± 0.8 l), net fluid output (-1.1 ± 0.9 l vs.-2.1 ± 0.9 l), and weight loss (-0.3 ± 0.3kg vs.-2.5 ± 0.3kg) improved substantially following initiation of the YDP (p<0.001 for all pre-post comparisons).

Natriuretic response can be rapidly and accurately predicted by the NRPE, and this information can be used to guide diuretic therapy during acute decompensated heart failure. Additional study of diuresis guided by the NRPE is warranted.
Natriuretic response can be rapidly and accurately predicted by the NRPE, and this information can be used to guide diuretic therapy during acute decompensated heart failure. Additional study of diuresis guided by the NRPE is warranted.
Previous studies investigated the potential mechanism of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) from extracranial artery plaque, but there has been no study other than a case report on high-risk intracranial plaque in ESUS.

The aim of this study was to investigate the issue by evaluating the morphology and composition of intracranial plaque in patients with ESUS and small-vessel disease (SVD) using 3.0-T high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging.

Two hundred forty-three consecutive patients with ESUS and 160 patients with SVD-associated stroke between January 2015 and December 2019 were retrospectively enrolled. Multidimensional parameters involving the presence of plaque on both sides, including remodeling index (RI), plaque burden, presence of discontinuity of plaque surface, thick fibrous cap, intraplaque hemorrhage, and complicated American Heart Association type VI plaque at the maximal luminal narrowing site, were evaluated using intracranial high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging.

Among 243 patients with ESUS, the prevalence of intracranial plaque was much higher in the ipsilateral than the contralateral side (63.8% vs. 42.8%; odds ratio [OR] 5.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.83 to 9.73), a finding that was not evident in patients with SVD (35.6% vs. 30.6%; OR 2.14; 95%CI 0.87 to 5.26; p=0.134). Logistic analysis showed that RI was independently associated with ESUS in model 1 (OR 2.329; 95%CI 1.686 to 3.217; p<0.001) and model 2 (OR 2.295; 95%CI 1.661 to 3.172; p<0.001). RI alone with an optimal cutoff of 1.162, corresponding to an area under the curve of 0.740, had good diagnostic efficiency for ESUS.

The present study supports an etiologic role of high-risk nonstenotic intracranial plaque in ESUS.
The present study supports an etiologic role of high-risk nonstenotic intracranial plaque in ESUS.
Although observational studies have shown percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure to be a safe means of reducing the frequency and duration of migraine, randomized clinical trials have not met their primary efficacy endpoints.

The authors report the results of a pooled analysis of individual participant data from the 2 randomized trials using the Amplatzer PFO Occluder to assess the efficacy and safety of percutaneous device closure as a therapy for episodic migraine with or without aura.

The authors analyzed individual patient-level data from 2 randomized migraine trials (the PRIMA [Percutaneous Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale in Migraine With Aura] and PREMIUM [Prospective Randomized Investigation to Evaluate Incidence of Headache Reduction in Subjects with Migraine and PFO Using the Amplatzer PFO Occluder Compared to Medical Management] studies). Efficacy endpoints were mean reduction in monthly migraine days, responder rate (defined as≥50% reduction in monthly migraine attacks), mean reductiomplete migraine cessation.
This pooled analysis of patient-level data demonstrates that PFO closure was safe and significantly reduced the mean number of monthly migraine days and monthly migraine attacks, and resulted in a greater number of subjects who experienced complete migraine cessation.
The present study investigated the extent to which individual and school characteristics may differentially affect parental consent and child assent in the enrollment of a school-based substance use prevention study in Taiwan.

This study linked field notes on response and consent status during enrollment of the school-based prevention study with administrative survey data reported by the targeted students when they were in fourth grade (age 10-11) (N = 2,560; 53% male, 97.8% matched). The outcome variables, defined by the combined status of parental consent/child assent, were nonresponse and negative, discordant, and positive consent. Individual characteristics included family (parental education, employment) and child (psychological/behavioral, substance use) factors. Aggregate school-level substance use and percentage of aboriginal students and nonnative parents served as school-level factors. Multilevel multinomial regression analyses were performed.

Successful consent was obtained from only 820 studplex pathways underlying ascertainment and a need to modify the consent practices in school-based prevention studies involving minors, especially in schools with higher ethnic minority composition.
"Reactive" inhibitory control is associated with heavy drinking and alcohol dependence. However, the majority of research ignores the downstream influence of proactive control--the preparation to withhold responses when examining alcohol use behaviors. The potential mechanisms behind these relationships are also poorly understood. Two studies were conducted to investigate the role of proactive and reactive control in heavy drinkers, in the presence of alcohol-related cues, and to examine the potential mediating effects of working memory capacity and alcohol sensitivity.

Heavy drinkers (Study 1 n = 108; Study 2 n = 116) completed online self-reported measures of alcohol use followed by a modified stop-signal task in the presence of alcohol-related cues (Study 1 images; Study 2 words) and a self-ordered pointing task using neutral-related images (Study 1) and alcohol-related images (Study 2).

In Study 1, craving and working memory capacity predicted alcohol use. In Study 2, working memory capacity was a negative predictor of alcohol use alongside stop-signal reaction times; however, the overall regression model was not significant. When conducting pooled analyses across both studies to increase power, only a robust association between craving and alcohol use was observed.

These studies provide no support for the associations between alcohol use indices and working memory capacity, reactive control, and proactive slowing.
These studies provide no support for the associations between alcohol use indices and working memory capacity, reactive control, and proactive slowing.
Alcohol use is understudied among transgender persons--persons whose sex differs from their gender identity. We compare patterns of alcohol use between Veterans Health Administration (VA) transgender and nontransgender outpatients.

National VA electronic health record data were used to identify all patients' last documented Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) screen (October 1, 2009-July 31, 2017). Transgender patients were identified using diagnostic codes. Logistic regression models estimated four past-year primary outcomes (a) alcohol use (AUDIT-C > 0); (b) unhealthy alcohol use (AUDIT-C ≥ 5); (c) high-risk alcohol use (AUDIT-C ≥ 8); and (d) heavy episodic drinking (HED; ≥6 drinks on ≥1 occasion). Two secondary diagnostic-based outcomes, alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol-specific conditions, were also examined.

Among 8,872,793 patients, 8,619 (0.10%) were transgender. For transgender patients, unadjusted prevalence estimates were as follows 52.8% for any alcohol use patterns to nontransgender persons. Findings suggest nuanced associations with patterns of alcohol use and provide a base for further disparities research to explore alcohol use within the diverse transgender community. Research with self-reported measures of gender identity and sex-at-birth and structured assessment of alcohol use and disorders is needed.
We investigate how alcohol use and friendship co-evolve during students' transition to university. WZB117 cell line We discern effects of peer influence from friend selection based on alcohol use, whether such effects vary in strength across the school year, and whether alcohol has different effects on friendship formation versus friendship maintenance.

We gathered data on friendships, alcohol use, and binge drinking from 300 residence hall students (71% female) at a large, public U.S. university. Surveys were conducted at four time points during the 2015-2016 academic year. We used a stochastic actor-oriented model to test whether alcohol use was influenced by one's friends, while simultaneously testing for friend selection based on alcohol use and related network processes.

Students were 7.0 times more likely to drink alcohol weekly if all versus none of their friends drank weekly and 6.8 times more likely to binge drink when all versus none of their friends engaged in binge drinking, after we controlled for friend selection. Alcohol use differentially affected friendship creation and maintenance in a complex manner (a) weekly drinkers were more likely to form new friendships and dissolve existing friendships than nondrinkers and (b) similarity on drinking fostered new friendships but had no effect on friendship persistence.

Friends influence one another's weekly drinking and binge drinking, whereas conversely, alcohol use contributes to both friendship formation and friendship instability.
Friends influence one another's weekly drinking and binge drinking, whereas conversely, alcohol use contributes to both friendship formation and friendship instability.
Indigenous youth often exhibit high rates of alcohol use and experience disproportionate alcohol-related harm. We examined the moderating role that valuing cultural activities has on the relationship between positive alcohol expectancies and alcohol use and heavy drinking in a sample of Indigenous youth.

First Nation adolescents between ages 11 and 18 living on a reserve in eastern Canada (N = 106; mean age = 14.6; 50.0% female) completed a pencil-and-paper survey regarding their positive alcohol expectancies, alcohol use, and beliefs about the importance of cultural activities.

A significant interaction was identified between positive alcohol expectancies and valuing cultural activities on past-3-month alcohol use (b = -0.01, SE = 0.001, p < .001) and past-3-month heavy drinking (b = -0.01, SE = 0.001, p < .001). Simple slopes analysis revealed that the association between positive alcohol expectancies and past-3-month alcohol use and heavy drinking was significant for those with low (b = 0.06, SE = 0.007, p < .001; b = 0.07, SE = 0.008, p < .001; respectively) but not high levels of valuing cultural activities (b = 0.01, SE = 0.008, p = .12; b = 0.01, SE = 0.009, p = .08; respectively).

Highly valuing cultural activities may interrupt the relationship between positive alcohol expectancies and alcohol use. This suggests that community interventions and treatment programs targeting alcohol use among Indigenous adolescents should prioritize increasing the value of cultural activities by perhaps making them more available.
Highly valuing cultural activities may interrupt the relationship between positive alcohol expectancies and alcohol use. This suggests that community interventions and treatment programs targeting alcohol use among Indigenous adolescents should prioritize increasing the value of cultural activities by perhaps making them more available.
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