Notes

Extracellular level of acidity inside growth muscle upregulates designed mobile or portable loss of life protein A single appearance upon growth cellular material through proton-sensing Gary protein-coupled receptors.
Two new species of Tichocoelidia Kramer, 1962 are described and illustrated, T. marceloi sp. nov. and T. vanessae sp. nov., both from Cusco, Peru. A key to males of the four known species of Tichocoelidia is provided.Amalothrips bifurcus sp.n. is described from Southwestern China as the third species of Amalothrips, characterized by the forked sense cone on antennal segments IIIIV. Rhamphothrips yunnanensis sp.n. is described as the second known species of Rhamphothrips in which the male has laterally on the mesosternum one thorn-like seta and one stout shaded seta. Two species, Amalothrips noorazlani Ng and Parexothrips palumai Mound, are newly recorded from China.The original description of Burbrinks Keelback, Herpetoreas burbrinki was based on a sole damaged specimen collected from Zayu County, Xizang Autonomous Region, China in September 2007. On 16 August 2019, we collected a second live adult female specimen from the type locality. The identity of the species is established based on morphological and molecular comparison with the holotype. One mitochondrial gene (Cytb) and three nuclear genes (C-mos, Rag1, NT3) of the new specimen were sequenced. The four sequences all share the same haplotypes with the holotype. We describe the coloration in life, variation with the type and expand the morphological description of this species.Information about the scale insect (Hemiptera Coccomorpha) fauna of Latvia was first published in the second half of the 18th century, but the most serious and purposeful research on it was carried out between the 1920s and the early 1970s. Biruta Rasia, in collaboration with her colleagues, conducted the most extensive research on the scale insect fauna in Latvia in the 20th century. She was active in science from the 1940s until the early 1970s, and described eight new species between 1966 and 1971. According to modern taxonomy, seven names of the taxa she described are now synonyms of the names of other species, but one of her species names is still considered to be valid. Previously it was believed that the type material of the taxa she described, and all the other scale insect material she collected, had been lost. For an indefinite period of time the Latvian National Museum of Natural History had stored a collection of unaudited and still unregistered material, thought to be a collection of plant damages collected by Alfrds Rasi. However, inspection of the material showed that it was in fact Biruta Rasias collection of scale insects, which contained both dry and ethanol-preserved material as well as microscope slides. The material has now been audited and registered in the museums collection. Most of the material was collected in Latvia, but the material also includes samples from other countries (Armenia, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Poland, Russian Federation and Ukraine). The collection includes samples of 75 species from eight families, of which 50 species were collected in the wild, 20 in greenhouses and indoors, and 5 species were found on imported fruits. Biruta Rasias collection of scale insects is the only known important collection of scale insects in Latvia, and is of national significance. A catalogue of the collection is therefore provided in this paper.In order to complete the information related to the little studied deep-sea planktonic fauna of western Mexico, samples from a wide depth range (surface to 1550 m depth) were obtained using different gear. Six species and 108 individuals of hyperiid amphipods of the family Amphithyridae were collected at 26 localities, including a new species of Amphithyropsis Zeidler, 2016, which is herein described based on an adult male and a gravid female. Other species include Amphithyrus bispinosus Claus, 1879, the most abundant and frequently collected species (70 specimens at 17 localities), A. muratus Volkov, 1982 (11 specimens at 8 localities), A. sculpturatus Claus, 1879 (14 specimens at 7 localities), Paralycaea gracilis Claus, 1879 (10 specimens from 6 localities), and P. hoylei Stebbing, 1888 (one specimen from one locality). Worldwide and regional distributions are provided for each species.Thor amboinensis (De Man, 1888), known as sexy shrimp or anemone squat shrimp and popular among divers and aquarists, was previously believed to have a worldwide distribution, with populations throughout the tropical parts of the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Ocean. However, consistent differences in some details of the colour pattern strongly suggest that T. amboinensis does not represent a single species, but a pantropical species complex. A recent phylogeographic analysis of T. amboinensis based on molecular data confirmed that this taxon is composed of at least five putative cryptic or pseudocryptic species. In the present study, a new cryptic species, Thor dicaprio sp. nov., is established for the western Atlantic populations previously referred to as T. amboinensis. The new species can be distinguished from all other members of the T. amboinensis complex by two differences in the colour pattern and a subtle difference in the size and setation of the appendix masculina, the latter yet to be confirmed. The conspicuous red-white banding of the antennal flagella appears to be the most diagnostic feature of the new species. In addition, T. dicaprio sp. nov. forms a genetically distinctive, homogeneous, tropical western Atlantic (TWA) clade, with the COI pairwise genetic distances from other clades ranging from 8.8% to 19.2%. The distribution of T. dicaprio sp. nov. includes the entire Caribbean Sea, parts of the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, Bahamas, Bermuda, as well as some offshore localities off northern and eastern Brazil. The main aspects and biology and ecological variability of T. dicaprio sp. nov. are discussed in the light of phylogeographic data presently available for the T. amboinensis complex.Four new species of Reyesacris Fontana, Buzzetti Mario-Prez, 2011 are described from Southern Mexico (Guerrero and Oaxaca States). Reyesacris zihua sp. nov., R. atoyacensis sp. nov., R. mephaa sp. nov. and R. tika sp. nov. A dichotomous key to species of Reyesacris and distribution map are provided together with an analysis of external and internal male genitalia to place this genus in the subtribe Vilernina within the tribe Ommatolampidini.We present a sketch-based system for modeling 3D objects with multiple contours as overlaid structures, allowing users to infer perceivable symmetries and occluded parts of the model prior to its automatic 3D reconstruction. Many approaches for sketch-based interfaces and modeling focus on the final drawing and 3D reconstruction of solid objects, exploring, as inputs, contours; however, when the subject consists of multiple drawings as overlaid structures, as usual in species descriptions, these approaches have to roughly infer or discard occluded parts. Unlike previous sketch-based techniques, we explore a set of 2D visual effects to enhance the visual perception of users while sketching multiple overlaid objects in single-view. The proposed system was applied to general simple zoological and botanical sketches as well as to published descriptions of species of Diptera, demonstrating its usefulness for taxonomy.A new species of the genus Pseudochydorus Fryer, 1968 is described from Central Mexico. P. margaritalfonsorum sp. nov. differs from the Old World species of the genus, P. globosus (Baird, 1843) and P. bopingi Sinev, Garibian Gu, 2016 in the morphology of thoracic limbs IIII. Analysis of existing literature data on distribution and morphology of Pseudochydorus in America suggest than P. margaritalfonsorum sp. nov. is an endemic of Central Mexican Plateau, and at least two more species of the genus are present in other regions of America.The notoriously destructive and invasive soft scale, Ceroplastes cirripediformis Comstock (Hemiptera Coccomorpha Coccidae), is recorded for the first time from India. Entinostat datasheet The scale is redescribed to facilitate its identification and information on its host range, natural enemies and distribution is provided. An identification key to the Indian species in this genus is given. Management options in the event of an outbreak are discussed briefly. The establishment of this scale insect warrants special attention in India as it is a potentially damaging plant pest and has a broad host range across many plant families.The article presents a brief review on the fauna of the axiidean and gebiidean burrowing mud shrimps and their external parasites in the northeastern coast of the Black Sea, where only two rather common species, Gilvossius candidus (Olivi, 1792) and Upogebia pusilla (Petagna, 1792) (Gebiidea Upogebiidae), were previously recorded. Necallianassa truncata (Giard Bonnier, 1890) is confirmed and Gilvossius tyrrhenus (Petagna, 1792) (Axiidea Callianassidae) is firstly recorded for the shallow waters of the northeastern Black Sea, where it was previously probably confused with common and widely distributed Gilvossius candidus (Olivi, 1792). Color photographs of the four species, enhancing the recognition of those species in fields, are provided.The status of Amauropus lobipes Reitter, 1918 and Protamaurops bicarinata (Reitter, 1918) is confirmed based on the holotypes housed at the Moravian Museum in Brno, Czech Republic. Both species are redescribed, photographed, and the aedeagus of Amauropus lobipes is illustrated. A checklist of Amauropini species in the Moravian Museum is given.The genus Sciurella Allman, 1883 is reassessed based on fertile specimens from Indonesia and Australia, using both morphological and genetic approaches. The genus is resurrected and kept distinct from Nemertesia Lamouroux, 1812 on the account of its long, tubular hydrothecae, and the gonothecae (of which only the female ones are known) provided with nematothecae. Stellate gonothecae correspond to S. indivisa Allman, 1883, while urn-shaped gonothecae are subjectively attributable to S. cylindrica (Kirchenpauer, 1876), comb. nov., a nominal species originally described based on sterile material. The taxonomy of the latter species is discussed in light of the available literature data, and Antennularia cylindrica Bale, 1884 is confidently assigned to its synonymy. Plumularia dolichotheca Allman, 1883 is provisionally transferred to Sciurella, as S. dolichotheca comb. nov., pending the discovery of fertile specimens and reliable evidence from molecular studies. The newly-generated genetic data for S. indivisa and S. cylindrica clearly confirm the distinction between Sciurella and Nemertesia, the two genera occupying divergent positions within the Plumulariidae phylogenetic hypotheses.The intertidal serpulid polychaete Spirobranchus kraussii was originally described from South Africa and has since been reported in numerous sub (tropical) localities around the world. Recently, however, S. kraussii was uncovered as a complex of morphologically similar and geographically restricted species, raising the need to revise S. cf. kraussii populations. We formally describe S. cf. kraussii from Singapore mangroves as Spirobranchus bakau sp. nov. based on morphological and molecular data. Despite their morphological similarities, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses of 18S and Cyt b DNA sequence data confirm that S. bakau sp. nov. is genetically distinct from S. kraussii and other known species in the complex. Both analyses recovered S. bakau sp. nov. as part of a strongly supported clade (96% bootstrap, 1 posterior probability), comprising S. sinuspersicus, S. kraussii and S. cf. kraussii from Australia and Hawaii. Additionally, paratypes of S. kraussii var. manilensis, described from Manila Bay in the Philippines, were examined and elevated to the full species S.
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