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Reduced creatinine amounts inside diabetes among more mature men and women: the particular Yuport Health care Examination Middle Study.
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The relevance of the putative 11 µM "protective threshold" for AAT therapy and the risk of liver disease in PI*SZ individuals is also explored. The purpose of this review is to identify open research questions in this area, with the aim of optimising the future identification and management of PI*SZ individuals. Copyright ©ERS 2020.Accidental opioid-related deaths are increasing. These often occur during sleep. Opioids such as morphine may worsen obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Thus, people with OSA may be at greater risk of harm from morphine. Possible mechanisms include respiratory depression and reductions in drive to the pharyngeal muscles to increase upper airway collapsibility. However, the effects of morphine on the 4-key phenotypic causes of OSA (upper airway collapsibility [Pcrit], pharyngeal muscle responsiveness, respiratory arousal threshold and ventilatory control [loop gain] during sleep) are unknown.Twenty one men with OSA (AHI range=7-67 events·h-1) were studied on 2 nights (1-week wash-out) according to a double-blind, randomised, cross-over design (ACTRN12613000858796). Participants received 40 mg of MS-Contin on one visit and placebo on the other. Brief reductions in continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) from the therapeutic level were delivered to induce airflow limitation during non-REM sleep to quantify the 4 phenotypic traits. CO2 was also delivered via nasal mask on therapeutic CPAP to quantify hypercapnic ventilatory responses during non-REM sleep.Compared to placebo, 40 mg of morphine did not change Pcrit (-0.1±2.4 versus -0.4±2.2 cmH2O, p=0.58), genioglossus muscle responsiveness (-2.2[-0.87 to -5.4] versus -1.2[-0.3 to -3.5]microV/cmH2O, p=0.22), or arousal threshold (-16.7±6.8 versus -15.4±6.0 cmH2O, p=0.41), but did reduce loop gain (-10.1±2.6 versus -4.4±2.1 dimensionless, p=0.04) and hypercapnic ventilatory responses (7.3±1.2 versus 6.1±1.5 L·min-1, p=0.006).Concordant with recent clinical findings, 40 mg of MS-Contin does not systematically impair airway collapsibility, pharyngeal muscle responsiveness or the arousal threshold in moderately severe OSA patients. However, consistent with blunted chemosensitivity, ventilatory control is altered. Copyright ©ERS 2020.The somatic macronucleus (MAC) and germline micronucleus (MIC) of Tetrahymena thermophila differ in chromosome numbers, sizes, functions, transcriptional activities, and cohesin complex location. However, the higher-order chromatin organization in T. thermophila is still largely unknown. Here, we explored the higher-order chromatin organization in the two distinct nuclei of T. thermophila using the Hi-C and HiChIP methods. We found that the meiotic crescent MIC has a specific chromosome interaction pattern, with all the telomeres or centromeres on the five MIC chromosomes clustering together, respectively, which is also helpful to identify the midpoints of centromeres in the MIC. We revealed that the MAC chromosomes lack A/B compartments, topologically associating domains (TADs), and chromatin loops. The MIC chromosomes have TAD-like structures but not A/B compartments and chromatin loops. The boundaries of the TAD-like structures in the MIC are highly consistent with the chromatin breakage sequence (CBS) sites, suggesting that each TAD-like structure of the MIC chromosomes develops into one MAC chromosome during MAC development, which provides a mechanism of the formation of MAC chromosomes during conjugation. find more Overall, we demonstrated the distinct higher-order chromatin organization in the two nuclei of the T. thermophila and suggest that the higher-order chromatin structures may play important roles during the development of the MAC chromosomes. © 2020 Luo et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.Acne is one of the most common dermatological conditions, but the details of its pathology are unclear, and current management regimens often have adverse effects. Cutibacterium acnes is known as a major acne-associated bacterium that derives energy from lipase-mediated sebum lipid degradation. C. acnes is commensal, but lipase activity has been observed to differ among C. acnes types. For example, higher populations of the type IA strains are present in acne lesions with higher lipase activity. find more In the present study, we examined a conserved lipase in type IB and II, but truncated in type IA C. acnes strains. Closed, blocked, and open structures of C. acnes ATCC11828 lipases were elucidated by X-ray crystallography at 1.6-2.4 Å. The closed crystal structure, which is the most common form in aqueous solution, revealed that hydrophobic lid domain shields the active site. By comparing closed, blocked, and open structures, we found that the lid domain-opening mechanisms of C. acnes lipases involve the lid-opening residues, Phe- 179 and Phe-211. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first structure-function study of C. acnes lipases, which may help shed light on the mechanisms involved in acne development and may aid in future drug design. Published under license by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.The mycobacteriophages Burwell21 and Nivrat are two F1 cluster bacteriophages isolated from different soil samples in Charlotte, NC. Burwell21 has a 58,098-base-pair double-stranded DNA genome, with 99 protein-coding genes predicted, whereas Nivrat has a 58,009-base-pair genome, with 102 protein-coding genes predicted. Copyright © 2020 Katsanos et al.Phages vB_RleM_RL38JI and vB_RleM_RL2RES are known to mediate generalized transduction in Rhizobium leguminosarum The RL38JI genome consists of 158,577 nucleotides and 270 predicted genes, whereas RL2RES has a 156,878-bp genome with 262 predicted genes. The two genomes are similar, with 82.88% nucleotide identity to each other. Copyright © 2020 Gunathilake et al.Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis has been the prevalent serovar isolated from gastroenteritis cases in Brazil since the 1990s. Here, we report the draft genomes of 30 S Enteritidis isolates originating from a variety of patients and implicated foods during outbreaks between 1999 and 2006 in Brazil.We report here the annotated draft genome sequence of the rhizobium strain BR 2003. This strain is able to establish symbiosis and to fix nitrogen with a broad range of leguminous species. The estimation of the average nucleotide identity confirmed the strain as a member of Bradyrhizobium elkanii. Copyright © 2020 Zilli et al.Presented are five genomes from the polyextremophilic (optimal temperature of >65°C and optimal pH of less then 3.5) archaeal family Sulfolobaceae, greatly expanding order-wide genomic diversity. Included are the only obligate anaerobic species, several facultative sulfur utilizers, two metal mobilizers, one facultative chemolithoautotroph with robust metabolic versatility, and some of the most thermophilic thermoacidophiles reported to date. Copyright © 2020 Counts et al.The gammaproteobacterium Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus NCT7M was cultivated from the copepod Acartia tonsa, collected from the coastal western North Atlantic Ocean. The genome was assembled into 45 contigs for a total of 4,128,590 bp, a GC content of 57.3%, and 3,890 protein-coding genes. find more The genome contains the full gene cluster for denitrification. link2 Copyright © 2020 Nuttall et al.We report here the whole-genome sequence of Escherichia coli NUBRI-E, a representative of E. coli clone O25H4 sequence type 131 with bla CTX-M-15, which was obtained from a Sudanese patient with a urinary tract infection. Copyright © 2020 Mohamed et al.A complete genome sequence was obtained for a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain isolated from an oropharyngeal swab specimen of a Nepalese patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), who had returned to Nepal after traveling to Wuhan, China. Copyright © 2020 Sah et al.The frequency of infections due to Streptococcus pyogenes M/emm89 strains is increasing, presumably due to the emergence of a genetically distinct clone. We sequenced two emm89 strains isolated in Brittany, France, in 2009 and 2010 from invasive and noninvasive infections, respectively. Both strains belong to a newly emerged emm89 clade 3 clone. Copyright © 2020 Devaere et al.Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomic mutations affect viral replication, disease progression, and diagnostic and vaccination efficiency. There is limited information regarding characterization and mutational analysis of HBV isolated in Bangladesh. Here, we report the complete nucleotide sequence of a precore-defective HBV genotype D2 strain isolated in Bangladesh. link2 Copyright © 2020 Hossain et al.Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 292 was originally isolated from soil in 1947 due to its ability to produce antibiotics. The low proteolytic properties of strain DSM 292 warrant its examination as a host for heterologous protein production. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of DSM 292 as established by Illumina MiSeq paired-end sequencing. Copyright © 2020 Heinze et al.We isolated Gordonia sp. strain JH63, which has steroid-degrading abilities, from human skin. link2 The complete genome sequence showed that this strain possesses a 5,175,911-bp chromosome and a 162,832-bp plasmid with 4,525 and 159 coding sequences, respectively. link3 Copyright © 2020 Lee et al.Here, we present a metagenomic analysis of the microflora of the surface waters of the Shardara reservoir, the largest artificial reservoir in Southern Kazakhstan, created to meet irrigation and hydropower engineering needs. link3 In this case, shotgun metagenomic sequencing of the microbial community DNA was used. Copyright © 2020 Alexyuk et al.Sporomusa termitida type strain DSM 4440 was isolated from the intestinal content of the termite Nasutitermes nigriceps The genome consists of one circular chromosome (5,185,220 bp) and a megaplasmid (131,121 bp) with an overall G+C content of 49.11%. It harbors 4,764 predicted protein-encoding genes. Copyright © 2020 Poehlein et al.A fast-growing Mycobacterium species was cultured from draining, purulent lesions on the caudal abdomen of a 12-year-old male domestic long-haired cat. Whole-genome sequencing identified the organism as Mycobacterium porcinum. Copyright © 2020 Mannion et al.BACKGROUND Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DH) increases survival without severe dependency in patients with large middle cerebral artery (LMCA) infarcts. The objective was to identify predictors of 1-year outcome after DH for LMCA infarct. METHODS We conducted this study in consecutive patients who underwent DH for LMCA infarcts, in a tertiary stroke centre. Using multivariable logistic regression analyses, we evaluated predictors of (1) 30-day mortality and (2) poor outcome after 1 year (defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 4-6) in 30-day survivors. RESULTS Of 212 patients (133 men, 63%; median age 51 years), 35 (16.5%) died within 30 days. link3 Independent predictors of mortality were infarct volume before DH (OR 1.10 per 10 mL increase, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.16), delay between symptom onset and DH (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.73 per 12 hours increase) and midline shift after DH (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.09 to 6.14). The optimal infarct volume cut-off to predict death was 210 mL or more. Among the 177 survivors, 77 (43.
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