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Water shear tension regulates osteoblast spreading as well as apoptosis using the lncRNA TUG1/miR-34a/FGFR1 axis.
Rotating backward extrusion (RBE) is one of severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods used to produce cylindrical components with a very large strain by a single pass. In this study, the microstructure and texture evolution in the different regions of Mg-12Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr (wt.%) alloys via RBE process were investigated by using optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD). The results showed that the cup-shaped sample formed by RBE process exhibited typical gradient microstructure expanding from its inner wall to outer wall along the radial direction (RD). The average grain size of the RBEed sample decreased when the radius decreased from the edge region to the center region along the RD, which was attributed to the different strains and strain rates in the different regions. It also could be observed that the center region showed highest deformation and the edge region exhibited the lowest deformation in the RBEed sample along the RD. In addition, the grain refinement mechanisms of the experimental alloy containing long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases after RBE with 100 N were continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX), discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) and particle stimulated nucleation (PSN).Inorganic aluminum or iron salts supported with synthetic polymers are commonly used to eradicate colloidal particles from water in coagulation and flocculation processes. PLX4720 Nevertheless, these agents have several disadvantages, such as large volumes of sludge produced or environmental toxicity. Recently biodegradable polymers have been suggested as eco-friendly flocculants for water treatment. This study aimed to investigate the possibilities of using starch and chitosan and their oxidized derivatives as flocculants for filter backwash water treatment. Dialdehyde starch (DST) and dialdehyde chitosan (DCT) were synthesized by periodate oxidization of natural starch from corn and low molecular weight chitosan. The obtained materials have been characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, we studied the flocculation properties of polysaccharide flocculants in a series of jar tests. The effectiveness of chitosan and starched-based flocculants was compared to synthetic polymers commonly used to treat iron ions-rich filter backwash water. The environmental aspects of these chemicals, particularly the biodegradability of post-flocculation residues, were also addressed. It was found that oxidized starch and chitosan derivatives can be used as ecological flocculating materials to treat potable water or sludge.This study examined the microstructural gradation in Sn-doped, n-type Ga2O3 epitaxial layers grown on a two-inch sapphire substrate using horizontal hot-wall mist chemical vapor deposition (mist CVD). The results revealed that, compared to a single Ga2O3 layer grown using a conventional single-step growth, the double Ga2O3 layers grown using a two-step growth process exhibited excellent thickness uniformity, surface roughness, and crystal quality. In addition, the spatial gradient of carrier concentration in the upper layer of the double layers was significantly affected by the mist flow velocity at the surface, regardless of the dopant concentration distribution of the underlying layer. Furthermore, the electrical properties of the single Ga2O3 layer could be attributed to various scattering mechanisms, whereas the carrier mobility of the double Ga2O3 layers could be attributed to Coulomb scattering owing to the heavily doped condition. It strongly suggests the two-step-grown, lightly-Sn-doped Ga2O3 layer is feasible for high power electronic devices.The article presents the effect of the thermo-chemical treatment of Al2O3 layers on their nanostructure, surface morphology, chemical composition as well as their micromechanical and sclerometric properties. Oxide layers were produced on EN AW-5251 aluminium alloy (AlMg2) by the method of direct current anodizing in a three-component electrolyte. The thermo-chemical treatment was carried out in distilled water and aqueous solutions of Na2SO4·10H2O and Na2Cr2O7·2H2O. It was shown that the thermo-chemical treatment process changes the morphology of the surface of the layers (the formation of a sub-layer from the Na2SO4·10H2O and Na2Cr2O7·2H2O solutions), which directly increases the thickness of the layers by 0.37 and 1.77 µm, respectively. The thermo-chemical treatment in water also resulted in the formation of a 0.63 µm thick sub-layer. The micromechanical tests indicated a rise in the surface microhardness of the layers in the case of their thermo-chemical treatment in water and the Na2SO4·10H2O solution and a decrease in the case of the layers modified in the Na2Cr2O7·2H2O solution. The highest microhardness (7.1 GPa) was exhibited by the layer modified in the Na2SO4·10H2O solution. Scratch tests demonstrated that the thermo-chemically treated layers had better adhesive properties than the reference layer. The best scratch resistance was exhibited by the layer after thermo-chemical treatment in the Na2SO4·10H2O solution (the highest values, practically for all the critical loads) which, together with its low roughness and high load capacity, predispose it to sliding contacts.The hybridization of natural and synthetic fibers leads to composites' optimum mechanical properties. In this study, an attempt was made to study the effect of the stacking sequence on PBS-based Glass-Jute (GJ) hybrid composites. Six types of hybrid composite, each containing five different layers of jute and glass fabric, were manufactured by the compression molding method. Mechanical properties, such as tensile, flexural, and impact resistance were studied and analyzed in detail. The surface characterization of the composites was performed through scanning electron microscopic images. The moisture absorption properties were also investigated by immersing the composites in distilled water for one week at ambient temperature. The TGA test was conducted to study their thermal properties. The experimental results showed that the stacking sequence of the fiber layers has a significant effect on the overall performance of GJ hybrid composites. Among the hybrid GJ composites, composites with glass fiber layers on their outer surfaces showed optimum mechanical, thermal, and water resistance properties.Nowadays, the development of new eco-friendly and biocompatible materials using 'green' technologies represents a significant challenge for the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields to reduce the destructive actions of scientific research on the human body and the environment. Thus, bacterial cellulose (BC) has a central place among these novel tailored biomaterials. BC is a non-pathogenic bacteria-produced polysaccharide with a 3D nanofibrous structure, chemically identical to plant cellulose, but exhibiting greater purity and crystallinity. Bacterial cellulose possesses excellent physicochemical and mechanical properties, adequate capacity to absorb a large quantity of water, non-toxicity, chemical inertness, biocompatibility, biodegradability, proper capacity to form films and to stabilize emulsions, high porosity, and a large surface area. Due to its suitable characteristics, this ecological material can combine with multiple polymers and diverse bioactive agents to develop new materials and composites. Bacterial cellulose alone, and with its mixtures, exhibits numerous applications, including in the food and electronic industries and in the biotechnological and biomedical areas (such as in wound dressing, tissue engineering, dental implants, drug delivery systems, and cell culture). This review presents an overview of the main properties and uses of bacterial cellulose and the latest promising future applications, such as in biological diagnosis, biosensors, personalized regenerative medicine, and nerve and ocular tissue engineering.The remediation of water streams, polluted by various substances, is important for realizing a sustainable future. Magnetic adsorbents are promising materials for wastewater treatment. Although numerous techniques have been developed for the preparation of magnetic adsorbents, with effective adsorption performance, reviews that focus on the synthesis methods of magnetic adsorbents for wastewater treatment and their material structures have not been reported. In this review, advancements in the synthesis methods of magnetic adsorbents for the removal of substances from water streams has been comprehensively summarized and discussed. Generally, the synthesis methods are categorized into five groups, as follows direct use of magnetic particles as adsorbents, attachment of pre-prepared adsorbents and pre-prepared magnetic particles, synthesis of magnetic particles on pre-prepared adsorbents, synthesis of adsorbents on preprepared magnetic particles, and co-synthesis of adsorbents and magnetic particles. The main improvements in the advanced methods involved making the conventional synthesis a less energy intensive, more efficient, and simpler process, while maintaining or increasing the adsorption performance. The key challenges, such as the enhancement of the adsorption performance of materials and the design of sophisticated material structures, are discussed as well.The present paper addresses experimental and numerical investigations of a Large Scale Additive Manufacturing (LSAM) process using polymers. By producing large components without geometrical constraints quickly and economically, LSAM processes have the capability to revolutionize many industries. Accurate prediction and control of the thermal history is key for a successful manufacturing process and for achieving high quality and good mechanical properties of the manufactured part. During the LSAM process, the heat emitted by the nozzle leads to an increase in the temperature of the previously deposited layer, which prepares the surface for better adhesion of the new layer. It is therefore necessary to take into account this part of heat source in the transient heat transfer equation to correctly and completely describe the process and predict the temperature field of the manufactured part. The present study contributes to experimental investigations and numerical analysis during the LSAM process. During the process, two types of measurements are performed firstly, the heat emitted by the nozzle is measured via a radiative heat sensor; secondly, the temperature field is measured using an infrared camera while varying the process speed. At the same time, a numerical simulation model is developed in order to validate the experimental results. The temperature fields of the manufactured parts computed by numerical simulations are in very good agreement with the temperature fields measured by infrared thermograph with the contribution of the nozzle's heat exchange.In the present study, 98.6-99.5% dense in situ reinforced Ti6Al4V/TiB composites were manufactured with a newly developed approach based on hydrogen-assisted blended elemental powder metallurgy (BEPM). The approach includes the activation milling of titanium powder produced with hydrogenation-dehydrogenation (HDH-Ti powder) with finer TiB2 additives, following blending with TiH2 and master alloy (MA) powders, and final press-and-sinter operations. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations prove the formation of microstructures with improved density and homogeneous distribution of TiB reinforcements in a sintered Ti6Al4V matrix. Hardness and compressive tests validated the high mechanical characteristics of produced composites. The effect of preliminary milling time over 2-6 h and the ratio of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated titanium powders used (TiH2 vs. HDH Ti) on microstructure and mechanical properties were studied to further optimize the processing parameters. Test results indicate the above approach can be regarded as a promising route for the cost-effective manufacturing of Ti6Al4V/TiB composite with reduced porosity, tailored microstructure uniformity, acceptable impurity level and, hence, mechanical characteristics sufficient for practice applications.
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