Notes

Long-term result of female dogs handled for intramural ectopic ureters with cystoscopic-guided laser ablation.
008). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of mild and moderate pain levels (P > .05).

We found that 20 mg of tenoxicam pretreatment was effective in reducing the incidence and severity of propofol injection pain compared to the control saline group, but the 10 mg dose did not significantly reduce the injection pain.
We found that 20 mg of tenoxicam pretreatment was effective in reducing the incidence and severity of propofol injection pain compared to the control saline group, but the 10 mg dose did not significantly reduce the injection pain.
To assess the efficacy of knee-chest position in shortening the time of spinal induction in pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section. We also assessed for any untoward adverse events that might limit their usefulness in real-life clinical scenarios.

Prospective, randomized controlled study was done in maternity operating room of tertiary care institution in 45 ASA II pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned to groups S (supine) and K (kneechest position). After performing subarachnoid block (9 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 25 µg fentanyl) in the sitting position, women in group K were maintained in the knee-chest position for 60 seconds. Time to attain block height of T6 and maximum sensory blockade, intraoperative hemodynamics, Bromage score, intraoperative fluid, vasopressor requirement, and respiratory parameters were recorded. The newborn was evaluated using Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes.

Data of 45 patients wenute after performing the subarachnoid block in the sitting position.
The objective of this study is to present our experience using the pressure-regulated volume control and the pressure-control ventilation modes in children.

Patients with acute respiratory failure ventilated with pressure-regulated volume control or pressure-control modes were retrospectively evaluated. The patient's ventilation parameters (of the first 7 days of ventilation or of the whole ventilation period, if the patient had been ventilated less than 7 days), SpO2, blood gases, and demographic data were collected from the pediatric intensive care unit database.

Sixty-one patients (median age 12 [4.8-36.4] months) were enrolled in the study. The pressure-control ventilation mode was used on 40 patients (65.6%) and the pressure-regulated volume-control mode was used on 21 (34.4%) patients. Twenty-eight patients (45.9%) had hypoxemic respiratory failure and 44 (72.1%) had hypercapnic respiratory failure. The median positive end-expiratory pressure was higher in pressure-control ventilation mode (5.4 [4cant difference between the 2 respiratory modes in terms of length of pediatric intensive care unit stay, MV duration, and mortality. The pressure-regulated volume-control mode seems to be a safer option for physicians who do not have enough experience in using pressurecontrol ventilation mode.
Debates continue about the cricoid pressure, which has been used for many years to prevent gastric aspiration during intubation. Using ultrasound, the effects of this maneuver and alternatives like paralaryngeal pressure are revealed. The aim of this observational study was to determine the effect of paralaryngeal pressure with an ultrasound probe on the esophageal diameter in patients with different body mass indexes and neck circumferences.

After measuring the neck circumference at the level of the cricoid cartilage, the esophagus was visualized by ultrasonography. Compression was applied medially at a 45° angle toward the vertebral column by the ultrasound probe and esophageal anteroposterior outer diameters were measured. Correlations between body mass index, neck circumference, esophageal diameter, and esophageal diameter change ratio were evaluated with Pearson's r value.

One hundred ten volunteers (52 women and 58 men) with mean age 33.7 ± 8.02 years and mean body mass index 25.6 ± 4.65 kg m-2 were recruited. The esophagus was located 78.18% partially to the left, 4.54% completely to the left, 1.81% to the right of the cricoid ring. In 15.45%, esophagus could not be displayed. The mean diameter of the esophagus was 7.6 ± 1.1 mm before pressure and 5.6 ± 0.09 mm after pressure (P < .001). There was no significant correlation between diameter change percentage and body mass index (r=-0.22; P > .05). However, weak correlation was found between diameter change percentage and neck circumference (r=-0.33; P=.016).

Paralaryngeal pressure with an ultrasound probe has the potential to occlude the esophagus and may be effective in all patient groups.
Paralaryngeal pressure with an ultrasound probe has the potential to occlude the esophagus and may be effective in all patient groups.More than 50 years have passed since Starzl et al. did the first liver transplant. Since then the transplant speciality has witnessed enormous growth and at present more than 1 000 000 liver transplants have been performed to date in over 100 liver transplant centers around the world. In Europe and North America, the predominant mode is deceased donor liver transplantation, while in Turkey and most of the Asian countries, the living donor liver transplant or split liver transplantation is the most widely available method for liver transplantation. The etiology of end-stage liver disease is also different in developed and developing countries. Liver recipients usually have multiple comorbidities and in addition, derangements in liver functions also indirectly affect other systems. The anaesthesiologist plays a very crucial role as a perioperative physician concerning liver transplantation. He is the lead person involved, from preoperative workup to intraoperative management and postoperative care in critical care units. Anaesthesiologists are also actively involved in developing organ transplant pathways and protocols for perioperative assessments. Although there are local protocols and pathways for assessing liver transplant recipients, there is a lack of standardization in the literature for such assessments. This article highlights essential aspects in assessing liver transplant recipients and the role of some specific assessment tools and establishes a standardized protocol for selecting and optimizing suitable patients, thereby reducing the mortality and morbidity associated with this major surgery.
The etiological factors of colorectal cancer (CRC) are not precisely known, although genetic and environmental factors have been implicated. A possible association with Fusobacterium nucleatum may provide opportunities for an early diagnosis.

To review studies that address the association between F. nucleatum and CRC.

The MEDLINE PubMed database was searched using the terms «colorectal cancer» and "Fusobacterium nucleatum", retrieving publications published up to January 1 2020. Stata software was used for a meta-analysis.

The systematic review included 57 articles. Meta-analysis results indicated a more frequent presence of F. nucleatum in CRC tumour tissue samples in comparison to control samples of healthy tissue, with an odds ratio of 4.558 (95% CI 3.312-6.272), and in comparison, to control samples of colorectal adenomas, with an odds ratio of 3.244 (95 % CI 2.359-4.462).

There is a more frequent resence of F. DSS Crosslinker clinical trial nucleatum in the CRC. However, further studies are needed to verify this relationship.
There is a more frequent resence of F. nucleatum in the CRC. However, further studies are needed to verify this relationship.
The aim was to assess the value of sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics in identifying adolescents who would benefit from radiographs for dental caries detection in a high-caries experience population.

In total, 356 adolescents answered a validated questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and oral health behavior and were clinically and radiographically examined for caries. The outcome was the benefit arising from radiographs for caries detection at the patient level, defined as the number of surfaces clinically classified as sound but presenting radiolucency.

A total of 169 participants (47.5%) benefited from radiographs. One-third of approximal lesions were detected clinically, whereas two-thirds, mostly initial lesions, were detected radiographically only. Adolescents who reported frequent consumption of soft drinks and sugary food, those with D
MFS (noncavitated and cavitated caries experience) ≥12, D
MFS (cavitated caries experience) ≥1, clinically detected approximal lesions, and active caries were significantly more likely to benefit from radiographs (P ≤ .002). Although some indicators showed moderate-to-good sensitivity (consumption of sugary food, caries activity) or specificity (absence of clinically diagnosed approximal lesions), the accuracy of indicators evaluated (isolated or combined) never reached 0.60.

The possibility of correctly identifying which adolescents would benefit from radiographs for caries detection purposes was limited in a population with high-caries experience.
The possibility of correctly identifying which adolescents would benefit from radiographs for caries detection purposes was limited in a population with high-caries experience.
The Evans syndrome (ES) is a rare, often chronic, relapsing and treatment-refractory hematological disorder. We described the clinical features, diagnostic workup, treatment and outcome in patients with ES.

We performed a retrospective chart review of patients aged < 18 years with ES admitted to a tertiary center in Brazil from 2001 to 2021. The analysis of the data was primarily descriptive, using median, interquartile range and categorical variables presented in absolute frequencies.

Twenty patients (12 female, 8 male) were evaluated in this study. The median age at the initial cytopenia was 4.98 years (1.30-12.57). The ES was secondary in nine cases (45%), of which six patients (30%) showed autoimmune disease (AID) or primary immunodeficiencies (PID) and one presented a spontaneous recovery. Steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin were first-line therapy in 19 cases. Twelve patients (63%) required second-line treatments (rituximab, cyclosporine, splenectomy, sirolimus, cyclophosphamide, mycophenol mortality in this disorder.The literature that explains the neurological mechanisms underlying the development or compensation of idiopathic scoliosis is limited. The objective of the article is to describe and integrate the mechanisms and nerve pathways through which idiopathic scoliosis is compensated and/or developed. A narrative systematic review in different databases of the studies published between January 1, 1967 and April 1, 2021 was performed, using the following terms "scoliosis", "vision", "eye", "vestibule", "labyrinth" "posture", "balance", "eye movements", "cerebellum", "proprioception", and "physiological adaptation". In the search, 1112 references were identified, of which 50 were finally included 46 observational analytical clinical studies-descriptive (between cohorts, report and series of cases) and 4 experimental studies. In the neurological response to idiopathic scoliosis, the sensory-cortical integration of the afferences in the visual-oculomotor-vestibular-proprioceptive systems, allows modifications at the postural level in order to achieve an initial compensation on the sagittal balance and the centre of body mass; however, over time these compensation mechanisms may be exhausted causing progression of the initial deformity.
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