Notes

Throughout silico testing involving Pueraria tuberosa (PTY-2) with regard to aimed towards COVID-19 by simply countering dual goals Mpro and also TMPRSS2.
Despite moderately high radiation doses, local recurrence, and late complications were problems in treating anal cancer. In the intensity-modulated radiotherapy era, consensus on accurate target volume based on the pattern of failure analysis is required.
The pretreatment ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes (NLR) has been suggested as an indicator of poor outcome in various cancers. This study aimed to determine whether the preoperative NLR may be a predictor of survival in patients who underwent curative resection for colorectal cancer (CRC).

The records of 219 CRC patients underwent curative resection between 2008 and 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. NLR was calculated by preoperative complete blood counts. The effects of age, gender, anatomic location, histologic grade, lymphovascular invasion, pathological T, pathological N, and tumor-node-metastasis stages and NLR on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. check details The optimal cutoff value for NLR was determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

The best cutoff value of NLR was 2.8. Multivariate analysis showed that NLR was not a predictor of DFS. However, NLR was found as an independent prognostic factor for OS (Hazard ratio, 5.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.3-12.5; P = 0.0001).

A preoperative NLR of more than 2.8 might be an independent predictor for OS in patients with CRC. This simple and routinely available laboratory parameter may be used as a useful marker for identifying patients with a worse prognosis.
A preoperative NLR of more than 2.8 might be an independent predictor for OS in patients with CRC. This simple and routinely available laboratory parameter may be used as a useful marker for identifying patients with a worse prognosis.
Microsatellite instability is an important pathway of tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer, and there is a need to understand its genetic and phenotypic profile. This study aimed to study the occurrence of deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) in an Indian cohort of patients and document the corresponding clinicopathological correlates.

This is a retrospective study of patients admitted between January 2016 and December 2017. dMMR data from immunohistochemistry reports were correlated with histopathological data and demographic details. The data were then analyzed in terms of means and percentages.

About 29% of cases were found to be dMMR and 66.7% of dMMR tumors occurred in males. About 44.4% of dMMR tumors occurred in the ascending colon. MSH2 loss was seen in 44.4% of cases while MLH1 loss was seen in 33.3%, and there were two cases with loss of PMS1.

dMMR tumors in our study were more common in males, presented earlier, were bulky, were less likely to show lymphovascular or perineural invasion, had lower preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels, and yielded high number of lymph nodes. Expected differences in age, stage, and grade were not observed. Compared to other studies, a higher proportion of cases in our study had MSH2 and PMS2 loss.
dMMR tumors in our study were more common in males, presented earlier, were bulky, were less likely to show lymphovascular or perineural invasion, had lower preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels, and yielded high number of lymph nodes. Expected differences in age, stage, and grade were not observed. Compared to other studies, a higher proportion of cases in our study had MSH2 and PMS2 loss.
Obesity has become one of the major public health problems in many countries. Controversial results were reported in publications on the relationship between obesity and mortality in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) and that receive curative treatment. In this study, we evaluated the effects of body mass index (BMI) on the location of recurrence and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with early-stage CRC.

Patients that were followed up and treated in the Department of Medical Oncology between 1999 and 2016 were retrospectively included in the study. Patients with operated Stage I, II, and III CRC were included in the study. Patients were divided into three groups based on their BMI (kg/m
) of below 25, between 25 and 30, and above 30.

A total of 950 patients, of which 527 (55.5%) were male and 423 (44.5%) were female, were included in the study. The median age of the patients was 56 years. Of the patients, 408 (42.4%) had BMI of <25, 370 (38.9%) had BMI between 25 and 30, and 172MI increased the risk of recurrence, especially in Stage III CRC patients, and that the recurrence frequently occurred locally.
Colorectal cancer is relatively uncommon malignancy in India when compared with the Western world, disease affecting individuals above 40 years of age and is rare below 40 years of age. However, now there is an increase in young age presentation globally and India.

We conducted a retrospective study of all colorectal carcinomas colorectal cancer (CRC) that were diagnosed during the past 6 years, i.e., from January 2011 to December 2016. Patients were divided into two groups - below 40 years and above 40 years. The records were analyzed in detail for age, gender, site of primary tumor, and histopathological type. The results of the two groups were compared and in turn compared with population-based cancer registry (PBCR) of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, and Bengaluru.

Two hundred and twenty-three patients were diagnosed to have CRC. Patients diagnosed below 40 years of age comprised 39.5% (88) compared with PBCR of Delhi (19.75%, P value significant at <0.05), Mumbai (10.9%), P value significant at <0.05), Kolkata (13.1%, P value significant at <0.05), Chennai (8.6%, P value significant at <0.05), and Bengaluru (13.6%, P value significant at <0.05). Among patients below 40 years of age, majority were males (56.8%), most occurred in the rectum (75%). Poorly differentiated, mucin-secreting, signet ring type adenocarcinomas are most frequent (35.2%) and presented at advanced stage (33%). This was similar to those reported in other literatures.

Study shows that there is a rise in younger age presentation in our institution with rectal site predominance, advanced stage, and poor histopathological variants.
Study shows that there is a rise in younger age presentation in our institution with rectal site predominance, advanced stage, and poor histopathological variants.
In the present study, we evaluated the clinical prognostic value of human leukocyte antigen (HLA (Class I tumor cell expression in a series of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and also explored the association of this expression profile with molecular features such as mutation status of KRAS and BRAF, microsatellite stability status, and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients.

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue of 258 CRC patient's sections were immunohistochemically stained and subsequently quantified for HLA Class I expression by the tumor cells. Determination of microsatellite instability (MSI) tumor status was ascertained using mononucleotide repeat microsatellite targets. KRAS and BRAF mutations were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequencing and cast-PCR, respectively.

HLA Class I expression was normal in 91 cases (35.3%), downregulated in 119 (46.1%), and loss of expression in 48 (18.6%) cases. Forty (15.5%) tumors were MSI-H (MSH), 49 were MSI-L (19%), and 169 were microsatellite stable (MSS) (65.5%). Thirty-six (14%) and 15 (5.8%) of the patients exhibited mutation in the KRAS and BRAF, respectively. It was found that patients with downregulated expression of HLA Class I were associated with Stage II tumors (P < 0.001) and a MSS tumor status (P < 0.001), while patients with loss of expression were associated with MSH status (P < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that HLA Class I downregulated expression was an independent prognostic parameter for shorter overall patient survival time (hazard ratio 1.8, P = 0.003).

HLA Class I expression is an independent and sensitive clinical prognostic marker that might be used in CRC patients.
HLA Class I expression is an independent and sensitive clinical prognostic marker that might be used in CRC patients.
The sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), as most other regions, are prone to tumoral invasion. link2 In colorectal cancers, they can help the higher levels of pathological examination techniques.

We attempted to investigate the efficiency of the use of radioactive tracer in identifying SLNs in colorectal cancers using the same pathological technique.

This cross-sectional, single-center study was carried out from 2014 to august 2016 at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

The study population included 100 patients with colorectal cancers. We used a radioactive tracer to detect SLNs and to compare the number and involvement of SLNs and non-SLNs generally and in terms of the tumor site. For pathological study, we used the same conventional method in both the groups.

Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) with Chi-square and Fisher's exact test, Student's t-test, ANOVA test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Kruskal-Wallis test.

SLNs were detected in 89 of 100 patients. All the remaining 11 patients had T4 lower rectal cancer and the injection was performed ex vivo. link3 We noted ten cases of upstaging due to SLN mapping and nine cases of false negative. Thus, the sensitivity was found to be 43.75%at and the accuracy was 78.65%.

We used the same traditional method in both the groups, and our sensitivity, accuracy and upstaging rate were fewer than similar studies. Our recommendation for further studies is to use intensive SLN biopsy method in both groups of SLNs and non-SLNs.
We used the same traditional method in both the groups, and our sensitivity, accuracy and upstaging rate were fewer than similar studies. Our recommendation for further studies is to use intensive SLN biopsy method in both groups of SLNs and non-SLNs.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is emerging as a risk factor for esophageal squamous carcinoma. The prognostic value of the HPV status has been investigated. However, the results are much controversial.

This study aims to document the association of HPV infection and mutation of p53 gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its impact on treatment outcome.

The study was conducted over a period of 12 months. A total of 30 cases of ESCC who were primarily to be treated with radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy were included in the study. All the tissue samples for biopsy were subjected to immunohistochemistry to study p53 and p16 expression, which is a surrogate marker for HPV. The patients were treated by radiotherapy alone or concurrent chemoradiotherapy depending on performance status and stage of disease. The impact of p16 and p53 on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was determined.

The median OS of HPV-positive patients was 22 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 12-31) as compared to 13 months (95% CI 7-18) for HPV-negative patients (P = 0.298). The median DFS for HPV-positive patients was 16 months (95% CI 7-24) as compared to 5 months (95% CI 4-6) for HPV-negative patients (P = 0.048). The median OS of p53-positive patients was 13 months (95% CI 6.7-19) as compared to 22 months (95% CI 12.7-31.2) for p53-negative patients (P = 0.080). The median DFS for p53-positive patients was 5 months (95% CI 3.7-6.2) as compared to 22 months (95% CI 15.7-29.4) for p53-negative patients (P = 0.014).

Clinical findings of our result can be used to sum up that both HPV infection and p53 mutation status are reliable biomarkers and can help clinicians to predict treatment outcome and prognosticate patients better.
Clinical findings of our result can be used to sum up that both HPV infection and p53 mutation status are reliable biomarkers and can help clinicians to predict treatment outcome and prognosticate patients better.
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