Notes

Applications of image regarding bacterial systems the field of biology.
r chronic opioid use.

This cohort study found that opioid exposure was a household risk. Family members of a patient who received opioid prescription refills after surgery had an increased risk of opioid misuse and chronic opioid use.
This cohort study found that opioid exposure was a household risk. Family members of a patient who received opioid prescription refills after surgery had an increased risk of opioid misuse and chronic opioid use.
Adolescents have been thought to be low in susceptibility to COVID-19 compared with older adults. Data regarding incidence and risk of COVID-19 are needed to convey risk of infection and inform prevention messaging, especially because US states such as Florida are recommending against vaccinating individuals ages 5 to 17 years and because more infections among adolescents could signal potentially higher incidence of long COVID.

To compare incidence rates and relative risk of infection among US adolescents and youth with those of older adults for wild-type SARS-CoV-2.

This cross-sectional study included persons living in 19 US states that experienced surges from the start of the pandemic through fall 2020. Participants were all individuals reported as cases on state health department websites for the age groups and states studied. Age groups included adolescents (ages 10 to 19 years), youth (ages 15 to 24 years or 18 to 24 years), adolescents and youth combined (ages 10 to 24 years), and older adults (eilineage, incidence among adolescents and youth exceeded that in older adults.
Results from this cross-sectional study with US data were contrary to studies from Asia and Europe indicating lower susceptibility of adolescents than older adults. Our findings with the wild-type strain were consistent with findings reported in the UK for the Delta variant and underscored that even with the wild-type lineage, incidence among adolescents and youth exceeded that in older adults.
Although screenings for breast and colorectal cancer are widely recommended, patient screening rates vary greatly and remain below public health targets, and primary care physicians' (PCPs') counseling and referrals play critical roles in patients' use of cancer screenings. Recent adverse events may influence PCPs' decision-making, but it remains unknown whether cancer screening rates of PCPs' patients change after PCPs are exposed to new cancer diagnoses.

To investigate whether PCPs' exposures to patients with new diagnoses of breast or colorectal cancer were associated with changes in screening rates for other patients subsequently visiting the affected PCPs.

This cohort study used stacked difference-in-differences analyses of all-payer claims data for New Hampshire and Maine in 2009 to 2015. Participants were PCPs caring for patients. Data analysis was performed from June 2020 to May 2022.

New diagnosis of a PCP's patient with breast cancer or colorectal cancer.

Patients' breast and colorectal cat cancer screening increases were higher for male PCPs than for female PCPs (3.1 percentage points; 95% CI, 0.4-5.8 percentage points; P = .03).

This study found significant, sustained increases in cancer screening rates for patients visiting PCPs recently exposed to new breast and colorectal cancer diagnoses. These findings suggest that PCPs may update practice patterns on the basis of recent patient diagnoses. Future work should assess whether salient cues to PCPs about patient diagnoses when clinically appropriate can improve screening practices.
This study found significant, sustained increases in cancer screening rates for patients visiting PCPs recently exposed to new breast and colorectal cancer diagnoses. These findings suggest that PCPs may update practice patterns on the basis of recent patient diagnoses. Future work should assess whether salient cues to PCPs about patient diagnoses when clinically appropriate can improve screening practices.
Although there have been significant increases in the number of US residents insured through Medicaid, the ability of patients with Medicaid to access cancer care services is less well known.

To assess facility-level acceptance of Medicaid insurance among patients diagnosed with common cancers.

This national cross-sectional secret shopper study was conducted in 2020 in a random sample of Commission on Cancer-accredited facilities in the United States using a simulated cohort of Medicaid-insured adult patients with colorectal, breast, kidney, and melanoma skin cancer.

Telephone call requesting an appointment for a patient with Medicaid with a new cancer diagnosis.

Acceptance of Medicaid insurance for cancer care. Descriptive statistics, χ2 tests, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with Medicaid acceptance for colorectal, breast, kidney, and skin cancer. High access hospitals were defined as those offering care across all 4 cancer types surveyed. Explabove-average OR, 8.4; 95% CI, 1.5-47.5; P = .02) effectiveness of care were associated with high access to Medicaid. State Medicaid expansion status was not significantly associated with high access.

This study identified access disparities for patients with Medicaid insurance at centers designated for high-quality care. These findings highlight gaps in cancer care for the expanding population of patients receiving Medicaid.
This study identified access disparities for patients with Medicaid insurance at centers designated for high-quality care. These findings highlight gaps in cancer care for the expanding population of patients receiving Medicaid.
COVID-19 and seasonal influenza vaccines are essential in preventing respiratory infections and their potentially severe complications. Simultaneous administration of vaccines is efficient and may improve coverage with each vaccine. However, the safety of simultaneous administration of COVID-19 and influenza vaccines has not been well described.

To evaluate adverse events and health impacts associated with simultaneously administered COVID-19 mRNA booster and seasonal influenza vaccines in the US population.

In this retrospective cohort study, self-reported vaccine data were collected on days 0 to 7 after vaccination from September 22, 2021, through May 1, 2022, through v-safe, a voluntary smartphone-based monitoring system established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Participants were persons who voluntarily registered in v-safe following COVID-19 vaccination.

Receipt of simultaneously administered COVID-19 mRNA booster and seasonal influenza vaccines or COVID-19 mRNA booster alone. 7 following vaccination. These results may help better characterize the outcomes associated with simultaneously administered COVID-19 booster and influenza vaccines in the US population.
The mental health crisis lifeline 988 will begin operating July 16, 2022. In the absence of appropriately trained first responders, including crisis intervention teams (CITs), persons experiencing behavioral health crises face the risk of incarceration and even death.

To assess county-level access to CIT in 2015 and 2020 and its association with area characteristics and state policies in 2020.

This cross-sectional study included 10 430 facilities from the 2015 National Directory of Mental Health Treatment Facilities and 10 591 facilities from the 2020 National Directory of Mental Health Treatment Facilities, attributed to 3142 US counties.

Area measures included need (suicide, drug-related overdose mortality), rurality, and demographic characteristics. State-level policies included 5 Medicaid policies enacted prior to 2020 and 2 recent policies intended to assist implementation of the 988 lifeline.

Whether there was at least 1 facility that reported offering a CIT that handled acute mental health is1102 [68%]; P = .01) and in states that allow Medicaid to pay for short-term stays in psychiatric hospitals (34 [2%] vs 73 [4%]; P = .02). Other Medicaid-related associations were not statistically significant in adjusted analyses.

In this study, most US residents lived in counties with access to at least 1 CIT, but fewer than half of US counties had such access. Policies to encourage facilities in rural counties to offer CIT may help realize the potential of the new lifeline.
In this study, most US residents lived in counties with access to at least 1 CIT, but fewer than half of US counties had such access. Policies to encourage facilities in rural counties to offer CIT may help realize the potential of the new lifeline.Regions of energy localization referred to as hotspots are known to govern shock initiation and the run-to-detonation in energetic materials. Mounting computational evidence points to accelerated chemistry in hotspots from large intramolecular strains induced via the interactions between the shock wave and microstructure. However, definite evidence mapping intramolecular strain to accelerated or altered chemical reactions has so far been elusive. From a large-scale reactive molecular dynamics simulation of the energetic material 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, we map decomposition kinetics to molecular temperature and intramolecular strain energy prior to reaction. Both temperature and intramolecular strain are shown to accelerate chemical kinetics. Eltanexor solubility dmso A detailed analysis of the atomistic trajectory shows that intramolecular strain can induce a mechanochemical alteration of decomposition mechanisms. The results in this paper could inform continuum-level chemistry models to account for a wide range of mechanochemical effects.Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses based on our first-principles density functional theory calculations are used to interpret the experimentally observed formation of Cu carpets intercalated under the top layer of a 2H-MoS2 substrate. Spontaneous Cu transport from Cu pyramids on top of the MoS2 substrate through surface point defects to the growing Cu carpet is shown to be driven by a slightly lower chemical potential for the Cu carpet. We demonstrate that the competition between a preference for a thicker Cu carpet and the cost of elastic stretching of the top MoS2 layer results in a selected Cu carpet thickness. We also propose that Cu transport occurs primarily via vacancy-mediated diffusion through constricting point defect portals.The design of simple and versatile synthetic routes to accomplish triggered-release properties in carriers is of particular interest for drug delivery purposes. In this context, the programmability and adaptability of DNA nanoarchitectures in combination with liposomes have great potential to render biocompatible hybrid carriers for triggered cargo release. We present an approach to form a DNA mesh on large unilamellar liposomes incorporating a stimuli-responsive DNA building block. Upon incubation with a single-stranded DNA trigger sequence, a hairpin closes, and the DNA building block is allowed to self-contract. We demonstrate the actuation of this building block by single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and fluorescence quenching measurements. By triggering this process, we demonstrate the elevated release of the dye calcein from the DNA-liposome hybrid carriers. Interestingly, the incubation of the doxorubicin-laden active hybrid carrier with HEK293T cells suggests increased cytotoxicity relative to a control carrier without the triggered-release mechanism.
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