Notes

An unusual spot with the origin associated with an adenosine-sensitive atrial tachycardia: The side to side mitral annulus.
Conclusions The removal of evidence from a person's body is a strip search. The basis for this investigative action should be a court decision, and in urgent cases, the prosecutor. This investigative action must be carried out with the obligatory participation of a physician. To this end, it is necessary to develop an appropriate medical protocol.
Conclusions The removal of evidence from a person's body is a strip search. The basis for this investigative action should be a court decision, and in urgent cases, the prosecutor. This investigative action must be carried out with the obligatory participation of a physician. To this end, it is necessary to develop an appropriate medical protocol.
The aim This research aims to analyze the possibilities of using artificial intelligence-based robotics in forensic psychiatry to assess the public hazard of a mentally disabled or suffering from a mental illness to improve the legal framework governing the use of compulsory medical measures.

Materials and methods This study is based on the Republic of Latvia and Ukraine's regulatory acts and the juridical practice of the Republic of Latvia. ZEN-3694 supplier Dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic, system analyses, and sociological research methods were used.

Conclusions Different automated systems, including artificial intelligence-based robotics, can and should be used in forensic psychiatry. The last one would effectively improve the process of achieving goals in forensic psychiatry and help prevent subjective errors. At the same time, the application of artificial intelligence-based robotics in forensic psychiatry requires uniform medical and legal criteria to prevent violation of human rights.
Conclusions Different automated systems, including artificial intelligence-based robotics, can and should be used in forensic psychiatry. The last one would effectively improve the process of achieving goals in forensic psychiatry and help prevent subjective errors. At the same time, the application of artificial intelligence-based robotics in forensic psychiatry requires uniform medical and legal criteria to prevent violation of human rights.
The aim To investigate the features of international - legal regulation of organ, tissue, and cell transplantation in the system of prevention of illegal trade and on the basis of analysis of international acts to formulate proposals for implementation of its norms to the modern national legislation of European countries.

Materials and methods The study used international instruments in the field of human rights protection in organ, tissue, and cell transplantation using a set of philosophical approaches, general scientific and special legal research methods.

The aim To establish optimal ways of solving a scientific problem of how a human health may affect his / her election, change or revocation of a restraint measure, and establish the state of affairs and scientific approaches of considering human health during applying precautionary measures.

Materials and methods This study was conducted in 2021. It was used 2 judgments of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), 5 materials of analytical studies conducted by international organizations, as well as 2 normative legal documents as an empirical basis. General methods (induction, synthesis, system method), as well as special scientific methods (special -legal method, comparative- legal) are used.

Conclusions Health should be taken into account during choosing a restraint measure in at least one of the following cases the state of human health provides for application of a precautionary measure of this kind, at the election of which he/she will be able to exercise the constitutionally guaranteed right to hlaces of detention cannot promptly ensure his/her proper treatment; it is necessary to prevent the infection ofother persons, usually those who are in custody.
The aim To identify the problems of exclusion of athletes from the sphere of labor law; characterize the main precarious practices in sports that are contrary to labor law, that lead to injury of athletes.

Materials and methods The research materials cover the analysis of scientific literature, legal acts and jurisprudence; comparison; synthesis; generalization. Empirical methods related to the statistics processing of reports of international and regional organizations (ILO, EU Athletes, European Commission, FICA, FIFPro, United Nations) serve to combine and graphically display information in the field of sports.

Conclusions Precarious practices in sports are widespread; cover all athletes (from elite to non-professional); constitute a threat to the health and working capacity of athletes. A direct relationship has been revealed between the regulation of the labor of athletes and their physical and mental health. Failure to protect labor rights increases the risks of disability for athletes. The international community and national states should reduce the inclusion of the so-called "sports exemption" and create legal mechanisms for transferring the labor of athletes to the scope of labor law.
Conclusions Precarious practices in sports are widespread; cover all athletes (from elite to non-professional); constitute a threat to the health and working capacity of athletes. A direct relationship has been revealed between the regulation of the labor of athletes and their physical and mental health. Failure to protect labor rights increases the risks of disability for athletes. The international community and national states should reduce the inclusion of the so-called "sports exemption" and create legal mechanisms for transferring the labor of athletes to the scope of labor law.
The aim Conduct a comparative legal analysis of the legislation of Ukraine and other countries on the use of assisted reproductive technologies (hereinafter - ART).

Materials and methods The study used an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of the problem of assisted reproductive technologies. This approach includes dialectical, comparative law, statistical and systemic methods. The study used scientific developments in the field of ART, international acts, legislation, statistics. Ukrainian legislation on surrogacy and other ARTs has been studied. The expediency of adopting a special law to regulate the use of ART in Ukraine is substantiated. According to the monitoring data, Denmark, Belgium, Iceland, Sweden, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, and Serbia are the leaders in the use of ART among European countries.

Conclusions The study allows us to conclude that the legislation of the studied European countries and Ukraine on the use of assisted reproductive technologies are quite different.RT requires clear legal regulation both in Ukraine and in the EU.
The aim To analyze the existing international legal framework, regulating limitations of exercising reproductive rights, and determine whether the limitations provided by Chinese and Austrian national legislators meet the international and regional standards.

Materials and methods The article is based on international universal and regional European legal instruments, the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, national legislation of China and Austria, and scientific articles. The research is grounded on formal logical and dialectical methods, methods of synthesis and analysis, historical method, comparative legal method, and the method of modelling.

Conclusions The authors concluded that despite the standards on reproductive autonomy, being set by the number of international conferences and international and regional acts, the governments may impose limitations on exercising the said autonomy. Such limitations can be either radical ones (taking into account Chinese example of birth control) or liberal ones (taking into account the Austrian case on the prohibition of heterologous gametes donation).
Conclusions The authors concluded that despite the standards on reproductive autonomy, being set by the number of international conferences and international and regional acts, the governments may impose limitations on exercising the said autonomy. Such limitations can be either radical ones (taking into account Chinese example of birth control) or liberal ones (taking into account the Austrian case on the prohibition of heterologous gametes donation).
The aim The purpose of this article is to analyze the state policy of several states in creating an effective mechanism in which persons entering into marriage will be able to obtain the necessary information about the state of each other's health and thereby make an informed decision about registering a marriage, protecting the health of each other and future offspring.

Materials and methods In the course of the study, a comparative analysis of the legal means used by some states in the field of biological protection of marriage was carried out. First of all, a study was carried out of the family legislation of states with different approaches to the system of premarital medical examination of persons entering into marriage. In addition, the scientific works of scientists from different countries were used, the object of study of which was the problems associated with the biological protection of marriage. The work also used the results of surveys that were conducted in some countries and highlighted in health problems (the right to medical secrecy), on the one hand, and the person with whom it is planned to register a marriage (the right to health protection; the right on the voluntariness of marriage).At the same time, the emphasis in state policy on the biological protection of the family should be placed on preventive measures, including non-legal means of information.
The aim of this article is to reveal the essential features of contracts providing medical services. The author also focused on the grounds for the invalidity of such contracts - entering into medical services contract without license or permission, prohibition of some medical services or methods of treatment, the imposing of unnecessary medical services, a contradiction to corporate regulations, fraud. A significant part of the work is devoted to the consequences of the invalidity of the contract - the restitution of the money received under the contract and compensation of harm.

Materials and methods The study is based on the statutory acts of European Union countries, the USA, and others. The author also uses acts of international law in the field of medical services and cases of court practice.

Conclusions Although the invalidity of contracts in the field of medical services is not one of the most common ways to protect a patient's rights, it is in many cases essential to the reliable delivery of medical services. The patient has the right to initiate a legal dispute regarding the invalidity of the contract. The restitution of the money paid by the patient, as well as compensation for the harm caused, can be applied not only within the framework of tort law but also under the responsibility for the breach of the contract.
Conclusions Although the invalidity of contracts in the field of medical services is not one of the most common ways to protect a patient's rights, it is in many cases essential to the reliable delivery of medical services. The patient has the right to initiate a legal dispute regarding the invalidity of the contract. The restitution of the money paid by the patient, as well as compensation for the harm caused, can be applied not only within the framework of tort law but also under the responsibility for the breach of the contract.
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