Notes

Rapamycin, a good mTOR chemical, induced apoptosis through independent mitochondrial and also death receptor path in retinoblastoma Y79 cellular.
Coronary flow rate remains complex to assess in clinical practice using non-invasive, non-ionizing imaging tools. In this study, we introduce 3-D Ultrafast Doppler Coronary Angiography (3-D UDCA), an ultrasound-based method to assess coronary blood flows in three-dimensions at high volume-rate and in one single heartbeat. We demonstrate that 3-D UDCA can visualize the coronary vasculature with high temporal and spatial resolution and quantify the absolute flow. The feasibility of the technique was demonstrated in an open-chest swine model. The flow rate of the left-anterior descending artery (LAD) assessed by 3-D UDCA was reconstructed successfully at the early diastolic and late diastolic phases and was in good agreement with an invasive gold-standard flowmeter during baseline, reactive hyperemia and coronary stenosis (r2 = 0.84). Finally, we demonstrate that a coronary stenosis on the LAD can be visualized as well as its associated flow acceleration. © 2020 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.Although CdX (X= S, Se) has been mostly studied in the field of photocatalysis, photovoltaics, their intrinsic properties, such as, mechanical, piezoelectric, electron and phonon transport properties have been completely overlooked in buckled CdX monolayers. Ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity (1.08 W/mK (0.75 W/mK)) and high p-type Seebeck coefficient (1300 µV/K (850 µV/K)) in CdS (CdSe) monolayers have been found in this work based on first-principles DFT coupled to semi-classical Boltzmann transport equations, combining both the electronic and phononic transport. The dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) is calculated to be 0.78 (0.5) in CdS (CdSe) monolayers at room temperature, which is comparable to that of 2D tellurene (0.8), arsenene and antimonene (0.8), indicating its great potential for applications in 2D thermoelectrics. Such a low lattice thermal conductivity arise from the participation of both acoustic [91.98 % (89.22 %)] and optical modes [8.02 % (10.78 %)] together with low Debs in nano-piezotronics as well. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Designing high energy density and power density electrode for supercapacitors has become an increasingly important concept in the energy storage community. In this article, NiCoSe2 nanostructures are electrodeposited on nickel foam and directly used as electrode for supercapacitors. The effect on morphology and electrochemical performances of NiCoSe2 prepared under different scan rates are measured through SEM and various electrochemical measurements. The resultant NiCoSe2 prepared with 5 mV s-1 exhibits a cross-linked porous nanostructure and a high specific capacitance of 2185 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1. Taking advantage of these features, an ASC is constructed by using NiCoSe2 on nickel foam as positive electrode and AC electrode as negative electrode with 3 M KOH as electrolyte. The ASC displays a high energy density of 41.8 Wh kg-1, an ultrahigh power output of 8 kW kg-1, as well as a long cycling life (91.4% capacity retention after 10, 000 cycles). The excellent electrochemical performance endows the porous NiCoSe2 nanostructures with promising alternative in energy storage devices. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.After almost a decade-long hiatus, a meeting dedicated to the science of bad breath took place in July 2019 near Bristol, UK, under the title International Conference on Oral Malodour and hosted by the Centre for Research in Biosciences of the University of the West of England. This conference gathered together scientists, dental practitioners, physicians and research students from across the globe to present and debate the latest study findings on halitosis, new analytical approaches for detecting malodorous compounds, and recent developments in abatement strategies. This meeting report intends to provide the breath malodour readership of Journal of Breath Research with an overview of the topics presented and discussed at the conference, and to offer thoughts on the direction in which the field is heading. This editorial further hopes to encourage stronger interdisciplinary and international ties and collaboration within the oral malodour research community. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.A novel visible light-driven photocatalyst (represented as Mn-CdS/ZCISe/CIS/TiO2) for the inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was prepared with TiO2 nanowires as support and CuInS2 (CIS), ZnCuInSe (ZCISe) quantum dots (QDs), and Mn-doped CdS (Mn-CdS) nanoparticles (NPs) as sensitizers. The use of CIS, ZCISe QDs and Mn-CdS NPs extends the light harvest region to visible light. this website The photoelectric conversion efficiency was consequently improved with a photocurrent density of 12.5 mA/cm2, about 60 times that of the pure TiO2 nanowires. The bactericidal efficiency of the photocatalyst was evaluated on the inactivation of E. coli, 96% bacteria in 50 mL 105 colony forming units (CFU)/mL solution were killed within 50 min. Besides the high efficiency, the composite has good stability and satisfactory recycling performance. The antibacterial mechanism was also studied by employing photoluminescence and scavengers of different reactive species, revealing that it was the photo-generated holes to kill the bacterium. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Flexible transparent electrodes have been fabricated successfully by using metal nanowires network. Despite of its higher conductivity and transparency, raw silver nanowire (AgNW) film suffers from the randomly arrangement and high surface roughness originated from the overlaps of a few tens nanometer-thick AgNWs. In this work, a facile and environmentally friendly method to form Ag nanowire flexible transparent electrodes by spray coating with applying low DC electric field (less than 6.0 V) and subsequent plasma treatment. The DC voltage, plasma power and plasma treatment time of the AgNWs network are optimized. The obtained electrodes fabricated by this technique exhibited excellent flexible, transparent and flat junctions of silver nanowires with sheet resistance of 4.64 Ω·sq-1 when the specular transmittance of 87.3% at a wavelength of 550 nm. Furthermore, the AgNWs electrodes are very flexible, highly durable and moiré-free. The resistance remains almost unchanged over 500 cycles of mechanical deformation with bending distance of 14 mm when its size is 20 mm × 20 mm. The as-prepared AgNWs electrode exhibited a root mean square roughness below 13.07 nm at a scan size of 5 μm × 5 μm. We proposed the improved properties were attributed from well-arranged AgNWs network by applying DC electric field and flat connection between Ag nanowires junctions induced by plasma treatment. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Resist-based ion beam lithography has been studied by exposing different species of ions (He+, Si++, Ga+ and Au++) on 700 and 2000 Å thick Poly(methyl methacrylate) (or PMMA) films supported on Si substrates. By comparing the resist sensitivities to different ions and the cross-sectional shapes of the developed features with the simulation outputs from the TRIM (TRansport of Ions in Matter) software, long-chain scissoring in PMMA can be largely attributed to ion-initiated electron cascades (as evaluated by ion energy loss to the electrons) and recoil atom cascades (as evaluated by vacancy distribution in TRIM). The ion-initiated electron cascades contribute more to the resist sensitivity for the lighter ions, while the recoil atom cascades are more important for the heavier ions. A proportional relation between the resist sensitivity and the product of the ion energy loss to electrons and vacancy number is obtained semi-empirically for heavy ions. The He+ ion is the only ion species that can travel through and therefore expose the entire 2000-Å thick PMMA resist film, while the heaviest ion, Au++, provides the highest resist sensitivity. The effective energy and momentum impartment to the resist by the ion, as revealed by recoil atom cascades and vacancy formation, is important to significantly expanding the material types suitable for ion beam lithography. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.The fabrication of bendable electronic devices is being a scientific-technological area of very rapid advance in which new materials and fabrication techniques are being continuously developed. In this kind of devices, the fabrication of flexible conductive electrodes adherent to the substrate is a key factor. Besides, eco-friendliness, low cost and fast production are essential requirements for the successful progress of new technologies. In this work, a novel method for obtaining graphene-based flexible electrodes is presented. Conductive films were obtained by means of visible laser irradiation of graphene oxide layers deposited on polyethylene terephthalate substrates besides self-standing membranes sandwiched between glass slides. Despite the low power of the laser system, numerical simulations indicate the development of temperatures over 1000 K throughout the irradiated material. The laser-induced spatially confined heating leads to the reduction of the graphene oxide material whereas the glass-based sandwich assembly avoids reoxidation from surrounding air. By scanning and pixelated modes, reduced graphene oxide electrodes, up to 100 μm in thickness, and with conductivities as low as 6×10-4Ωm were obtained in an easy and versatile way. Proof-of-concept microsupercapacitors and electrochemical sensors were fabricated with this technique, showing promising performance. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.4D dose calculation (4D-DC) is crucial for predicting the dosimetric outcome in the presence of intra-fractional organ motion. Time-resolved dosimetry can provide significant insights in 4D pencil beam scanning (PBS) dose accumulation and is therefore irreplaceable for benchmarking 4D-DC. In this study a novel approach of time-resolved dosimetry using five pinpoint ionization chambers (IC) embedded in an anthropomorphic dynamic phantom was employed and validated against beam delivery details. Beam intensity variations as well as beam delivery time-structure were well reflected with an accuracy comparable to the temporal resolution of the IC measurements. The 4D dosimetry approach was further applied for benchmarking 4D-DC implemented in the RayStation 6.99 treatment planning system. The agreement between computed values and measurements was investigated for (i) partial doses based on individual breathing phases, and (ii) temporally distributed cumulative doses. For varied beam delivery and patient-related partechniques. © 2020 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.Repair and regeneration of peripheral nerve defect by engineered conduits has greatly advanced in the past decades while still facing great challenges. In this work, we fabricated a new highly oriented poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)/soy protein isolate (SPI) nanofibrous conduit (HO-PSNC) for nerve regeneration. Firstly, we observed that SPI could efficiently modify PLLA for the electrospinning of PLLA/SPI nanofibers with enhanced physical and biological properties. Incorporation of SPI decreased the fiber diameter and ductility of PLLA/SPI nanofibrous films (PSNFs), improved the tensile strength and surface wettability of PSNFs and increased the in vivo degradability of the PSNFs. When the hybrid ratio of SPI was 20 and 40%, PSNFs could efficiently promote neural cell extension and differentiation in vitro. Based on these data, 20% SPI (PSNF-20) was chosen for further investigation. Next, PSNF-20 with different fiber orientations (random/low orientation, medium, and high orientation, respectively) were developed and used for evaluating neural cell behaviors on the materials.
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