Notes

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Both techniques' performance was evaluated according to factors including arousal during IED recording, IED topography and lateralization, lesion type, and localization. Topography-related EEG-fMRI yielded more specific results compared to the spike-related method. Superficial lesion location and ipsilateral IED seem to result in a higher concordance of BOLD maps. The polarity of BOLD responses may be lesion-dependent, and both positive and negative BOLD changes may be associated with the irritative zone. Sabutoclax chemical structure Topography-related EEG-fMRI may show improved specificity especially for superficial lesions producing ipsilateral spikes. This method can be used as an alternative either in the absence of spikes during the simultaneous EEG-fMRI acquisition or to sharpen a diffusely activated BOLD-map.Discovering relations of cross-type biomedical entities is crucial for biology research. A large amount of potential or indirect connected biological relations is hidden in millions of biomedical literatures and biological databases. The previous rules-based and deep learning approaches rely on plenty of manual annotations, which is laborious, time-consuming and unsatisfactory. It is necessary to be able to combine available annotated gene databases, chemical, genomic, clinical and other types of data repositories as domain knowledge to assist the extraction of biological entity relations from numerous literatures. Under this scenario, this paper proposes BioGraphSAGE model, a Siamese graph neural network with structured databases as domain knowledge to extract biological entity relations from literatures. Our model combines both biological semantic features and positional features to improve the recognition of relations between distant entities in the same literature. The experiment results show that BioGraphSAGE achieves the best F1 score among other relation extraction models on smaller annotated samples. Moreover, the proposed model can still maintain a F1 score of 0.526 without using annotated training samples.The novel SARS-CoV-2 has spread to virtually all countries of the world infecting millions of people, the medical burden of this disease obviously being enormous. The gonads of both sexes are among the organs that may be affected by COVID-19 and/or may affect the severity of the disease. The clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection clearly differs between genders. The current evidence indicates that the underlying mechanism of such an interaction could be associated with genetic, hormonal, and immunological differences, as well as with gender differences in such habits as smoking and alcohol use. On the other hand, there are controversies as to how and to what extent the gonads could be affected by COVID-19, possibly impacting upon sex steroids, fertility, and other functions. This review underlines the possible mechanisms that could clarify these questions concerning COVID-19 and the gonads. In addition, reference is made to potential new treatment modalities presently under investigation, these supported by accumulating data published in the recent literature.The generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult somatic cells by cell reprogramming has put a whole new perspective on stem cell biology and stem cell-based regenerative medicine. Cell reprogramming acts through the introduction of key genes that regulate and maintain the pluripotent cell state. In this chapter, we describe the optimized protocol for the efficient isolation of fibroblasts from a skin punch biopsy and the subsequent easy and effective generation of integration-free induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) colonies forcing the expression of specific factors by non-modified RNAs.Paracellular permeability of the intestinal epithelium is a feature of the intestinal barrier, which plays an important role in the physiology of gut and the whole organism. Intestinal paracellular permeability is controlled by complex processes and is involved in the passage of ions and fluids (called pore pathway) and macromolecules (called leak pathway) through tight junctions, which seal the intercellular space. Impairment of intestinal paracellular permeability is associated with several diseases. The identification of a defect in intestinal paracellular permeability may help to understand the implication of gut barrier as a cause or a consequence in human pathology. Here we describe two complementary methods to evaluate alteration of paracellular permeability in cell culture, using the human intestinal cell line Caco-2 and its clone Caco-2/TC7.
In quantitative computed tomography (CT), manual selection of the intensity calibration phantom's region of interest is necessary for calculating density (mg/cm
) from the radiodensity values (Hounsfield units HU). However, as this manual process requires effort and time, the purposes of this study were to develop a system that applies a convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically segment intensity calibration phantom regions in CT images and to test the system in a large cohort to evaluate its robustness.

This cross-sectional, retrospective study included 1040 cases (520 each from two institutions) in which an intensity calibration phantom (B-MAS200, Kyoto Kagaku, Kyoto, Japan) was used. A training dataset was created by manually segmenting the phantom regions for 40 cases (20 cases for each institution). The CNN model's segmentation accuracy was assessed with the Dice coefficient, and the average symmetric surface distance was assessed through fourfold cross-validation. Further, absolute difference of HU was compared between manually and automatically segmented regions. The system was tested on the remaining 1000 cases. For each institution, linear regression was applied to calculate the correlation coefficients between HU and phantom density.

The source code and the model used for phantom segmentation can be accessed at https//github.com/keisuke-uemura/CT-Intensity-Calibration-Phantom-Segmentation . The median Dice coefficient was 0.977, and the median average symmetric surface distance was 0.116mm. The median absolute difference of the segmented regions between manual and automated segmentation was 0.114 HU. For the test cases, the median correlation coefficients were 0.9998 and 0.999 for the two institutions, with a minimum value of 0.9863.

The proposed CNN model successfully segmented the calibration phantom regions in CT images with excellent accuracy.
The proposed CNN model successfully segmented the calibration phantom regions in CT images with excellent accuracy.
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of anti-cytomegalovirus (anti-CMV) therapy at different stages on retinal detachment in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR).

Ninety-seven patients with AIDS and CMVR diagnosed and treated at the Ophthalmology and Infection Center of Beijing You'an Hospital, affiliated with Capital Medical University, from November 2017 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 138 eyes included, 30 eyes with concomitant retinal detachment were enrolled as the study subjects. The eyes with retinal detachment were divided into a pre-induction group, an intra-induction group, and a post-induction group of anti-CMV therapy. The occurrence and characteristics of retinal detachment at different stages of anti-CMV therapy were observed.

Retinal detachment occurred in 30 of the 138 eyes of 97 patients, with an incidence of retinal detachment of 21.74%. Retinal detachment occurred in eight eyes in the pre-induction group, with an incidence of 26.67%, and in four eyes in the intra-induction group, with an incidence of 13.33%. The difference in incidence between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.000). Retinal detachment occurred in 18 eyes in the post-induction group, with an incidence of 60%. The difference in incidence between the intra-induction group and the post-induction group was statistically significant (P=0.001).

The incidence of retinal detachment at the intra-induction stages of anti-CMV therapy was lower than that at the pre-induction stage, and retinal detachment during the anti-CMV therapy predominantly occurred after the end of the induction stage.
The incidence of retinal detachment at the intra-induction stages of anti-CMV therapy was lower than that at the pre-induction stage, and retinal detachment during the anti-CMV therapy predominantly occurred after the end of the induction stage.Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs) are a standard of care in the first-line treatment of patients with EGFR mutation-positive metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR mutations are relatively common in Asian patients with NSCLC, and there is an increasing number of studies supporting the effectiveness of the second-generation TKI afatinib in routine clinical practice in Asia. This article reviews these real-world studies investigating afatinib as first-line treatment for EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC in Asian patients. Evidence from real-world studies with afatinib in this patient population supports findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showing that afatinib is associated with more favorable outcomes compared with the first-generation EGFR TKIs. The effectiveness of afatinib has also been shown in real-world studies in Asian patients with poor prognostic factors, who are often under-represented or excluded from RCTs, such as those with uncommon EGFR reatment for patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC.
To determine the utility of estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) as a candidate biomarker for thrombotic biomarkers in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

We reanalysed baseline pretreatment data in a subset of patients with T1D from two previous RCTs, consisting of a panel of thrombotic markers, including fibrinogen, tissue factor (TF) activity, and plasminogen-activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, and TNFα, and clinical factors (age, T1D duration, HbA1c, insulin requirements, BMI, blood pressure, and eGDR). We employed univariate linear regression models to investigate associations between clinical parameters and eGDR with thrombotic biomarkers.

Thirty-two patients were included [mean ± SD age 31 ± 7years, HbA1c of 58 ± 9mmol/mol (7.5 ± 0.8%), eGDR 7.73 ± 2.61]. eGDR negatively associated with fibrinogen (P < 0.001), PAI-1 concentrations (P = 0.005), and TF activity (P = 0.020), but not TNFα levels (P = 0.881). We identified 2 clusters of patients displaying significantly different characteristics; 56% (n = 18) were categorised as 'higher-risk', eliciting significantly higher fibrinogen (+ 1514 ± 594μg/mL; P < 0.001), TF activity (+ 59.23 ± 9.42pmol/mL; P < 0.001), and PAI-1 (+ 8.48 ± 1.58pmol/dL; P < 0.001), HbA1c concentrations (+ 14.20 ± 1.04mmol/mol; P < 0.001), age (+ 7 ± 3years; P < 0.001), duration of diabetes (15 ± 2years; P < 0.001), BMI (+ 7.66 ± 2.61kg/m
; P < 0.001), and lower mean eGDR (- 3.98 ± 1.07; P < 0.001).

Compared to BMI and insulin requirements, classical surrogates of insulin resistance, eGDR is a suitable and superior thrombotic risk indicator in T1D.

ISRCTN4081115; registered 27 June 2017.
ISRCTN4081115; registered 27 June 2017.
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