Notes

Minimizing Subconscious Tendency in Medical Institution Entry.
Quality control, key for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), should be connected to the authentication and efficacy of TCMs. The heartwood of Dalbergia odorifera has been widely used to treat inflammation-related diseases. However, in the Chinese pharmacopeia, only the total volatile oil, which does not sufficiently reflect the clinical efficacy, is used as a quality control indicator.

Establishing a "phytochemical-specificity-effectiveness-Q-marker" analytical strategy to improve the quality control of D. odorifera.

Combined with biosynthetic pathway analysis, phytochemical compositions identified by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS were used to build substantial phytochemical groups and further discover specific Q-markers. Then, lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were used to screen effective anti-inflammatory ingredients. Finally, a UHPLC-HRMS method was developed and validated to quantify the selected Q-markers in D. odorifera samples.

Along the constructed biosynthets from different origins. The origins and consistency of D. odorifera could be efficiently discriminated by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA).

The analysis strategy that combines phytochemical analysis with anti-inflammatory screening clarified the therapeutic material basis and discovered Q-markers, which possibly offers a more comprehensive quality assessment of D. odorifera.
The analysis strategy that combines phytochemical analysis with anti-inflammatory screening clarified the therapeutic material basis and discovered Q-markers, which possibly offers a more comprehensive quality assessment of D. odorifera.
Few studies investigated the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring suicide risk, none considering postnatal smoking exposure. We investigated associations between maternal smoking patterns during the pre- and postnatal periods and adolescent suicidal ideation and attempt.

We identified longitudinal patterns of maternal smoking from the prenatal period to the end of childhood (children's age 12 years, 10 assessments) among participants in the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (N=1623). We estimated associations between maternal smoking patterns and offspring self-reported suicidal ideation and attempt (ages 13-20). Background confounding factors (e.g., socioeconomic, familial, mental health) were controlled using propensity score inverse-probability weighting (IPW).

Participants reporting suicidal ideation and attempt were 9.3% and 8.4%, respectively. We identified four maternal smoking patterns non-smoking (66.5%), increasing (5.5%), decreasing (9.3%), persisteally and postnatally were at increased risk of suicide attempt in adolescence. Future studies should elucidate biological and psychosocial mechanisms potentially at play in these associations.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that impairs mental ability development and interrupts neurocognitive function. This neuropathological condition is depicted by neurodegeneration, neural loss, and development of neurofibrillary tangles and Aβ plaques. There is also a greater risk of developing AD at a later age for people with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and diabetes. In the biomedical sciences, effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease is a severe obstacle. There is no such treatment to cure Alzheimer's disease. The drug present in the market show only symptomatic relief. The cause of Alzheimer's disease is not fully understood and the blood-brain barrier restricts drug efficacy are two main factors that hamper research. Stem cell-based therapy has been seen as an effective, secure, and creative therapeutic solution to overcoming AD because of AD's multifactorial nature and inadequate care. read more Current developments in nanotechnology often offer possibilities for the delivery of active drug candidates to address certain limitations. The key nanoformulations being tested against AD include polymeric nanoparticles (NP), inorganic NPs and lipid-based NPs. Nano drug delivery systems are promising vehicles for targeting several therapeutic moieties by easing drug molecules' penetration across the CNS and improving their bioavailability. In this review, we focus on the causes of the AD and their treatment by different approaches.As a newly emerged technology, PROTAC (proteolysis targeting chimera) is a promising therapeutic strategy for varieties of diseases. Unlike small molecule inhibitors, PROTACs catalytically induce target proteins degradation, including currently "undruggable" target proteins. In addition, PROTACs can be a potentially successful strategy to overcome drug resistance. IAPs can inhibit apoptosis by inhibiting caspase, and also exhibits the activity of E3 ubiquitin ligase. Specific and nongenetic IAP-based protein erasers (SNIPERs) are hybrid molecules that designed based on IAPs, and used to degrade the target proteins closely associated with diseases. Their structures consist of three parts, including target protein ligand, E3 ligase ligand and the linker between them. SNIPERs (PROTACs) degrade diseases-associated proteins through human inherent ubiquitin-proteasome system. So far, many SNIPERs have been developed to treat diseases that difficult to handle by traditional methods, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and small molecule inhibitors, and showed promising prospects in application. In this paper, the recent advances of SNIPERs were summarized, and the chances and challenges associated with this area were also highlighted.Androgen receptor (AR) is an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer. We report herein the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of highly effective proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTAC) androgen receptor (AR) degraders, such as compound A031. It could induce the degradation of AR protein in VCaP cell lines in a time-dependent manner, achieving the IC 50 value of less than 0.25 μM. The A031 is 5 times less toxic than EZLA and works with an appropriate half-life (t 1/2) or clearance rate (Cl). Also, it has a significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth in zebrafish transplanted with human prostate cancer (VCaP). Therefore, A031 provides a further idea of developing novel drugs for prostate cancer.
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