Notes

Eosinophilic annular erythema exhibiting eosinophil cytolytic ETosis properly treated with benralizumab.
Peptic ulcer disease is an injury of the alimentary tract that leads to a mucosal defect reaching the submucosa. This study aimed to formulate and optimize omega-3 oil as a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) to achieve oil dispersion in the nano-range in the stomach to augment omega-3 oil gastric ulcer protection efficacy. Three SNEDDS components were selected as the design factors the concentrations of the oil omega-3 (X1, 10-30%), the surfactant tween 20 and Kolliphor mixture (X2, 20-40%), and the cosurfactant transcutol (X3, 40-60%). The mixture experimental design proposed twenty-three formulations with varying omega-3 SNEDDS formulation component percentages. selleck chemical The optimized omega-3 SNEDDS formula was investigated for gastric ulcer protective effects by evaluating the ulcer index and by the determination of gastric mucosa oxidative stress parameters. Results revealed that optimized omega-3-SNEDDS achieved significant improvement in the gastric ulcer index in comparison with pure omega-3 oil. Histopathological findings confirmed the protective effect of the formulated optimized omega-3 SNEDDS in comparison with omega-3 oil. These findings suggest that formulation of omega-3 in the form of a SNEDDS would be more effective in gastric ulcer protection than the administration of omega-3 as a crude oil.A novel adsorbent, the uniform fiber ball (UFB) loaded with polypyrrole (UFB-PPy), was synthesized for Cr(VI) removal from water in this paper. The structure of the UFB and UFB-PPy were characterized by SEM, EDS, FT-IR, BET, XPS and TG. The adsorption properties of UFB-PPy towards Cr(VI) were investigated by the effects of temperature, initial concentration of Cr(VI), interfering ions and contact time in batch experiments, the isothermal models (Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin) and the kinetic models (Pseudo first-order kinetic, Pseudo second-order kinetic and Intra-particle diffusion models) were used to describe the adsorption behavior. The effects of the initial concentration and flow rate of the Cr(VI) solution in the column experiments were also studied, and the dynamic models (Yoon-Nelson, Adams-Bohart and Wolborska model) were applied to predict the adsorption performance. The Cr(VI) removal mechanism of UFB-PPy was revealed by studying the effect of pH on adsorption, testing of Cl-, and analyzing the XPS. The results showed that UFB-PPy exhibited excellent adsorption properties for Cr(VI) both in batch and column adsorption. The possible adsorption mechanism involved electrostatic attraction, ion exchange and reduction. Conveniently, the chromium resources can be recovered with the form of high-purity Cr2O3 by simple calcination of Cr(VI)-captured UFB-PPy (UFB-PPy-Cr). Calcium decline and cyanobacterial blooms pose a serious threat to the crustacean zooplankton Daphnia, which has a high demand for calcium. In the present study, we exposed two different clones of Daphnia pulex to different combinations of calcium concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 mg L-1) and food types (100% Chlorella; 80% Chlorella and 20% non-toxic Microcystis; 80% Chlorella and 20% toxic Microcystis) for 16 days, recorded the key life-history traits, and then used an exponential rise function to fit the traits. Results showed toxic Microcystis and low calcium together negatively affected the survival, development, and reproduction of Daphnia. The negative effect of non-toxic Microcystis and low calcium only affected the development and reproduction. The survival time and reproductive performance increased exponentially with increasing calcium concentration and then approached an asymptotic maximum. Both non-toxic and toxic Microcystis reduced the asymptotic maximum of the reproductive performance. The rising rate at which they reached the asymptotes differed significantly among the three food types; i.e., the reproductive performance of Daphnia was affected in a wider range of calcium concentrations under bad food quality. The findings indicated that Microcystis impaired the tolerance of Daphnia to low calcium, which may cause serious consequences in freshwater ecosystems. The Osamu Utsumi uranium mine occupies a 20 km2 area in the city of Caldas, which is located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Since mining activities ended at Osamu Utsumi 24 years ago, the surrounding area has become contaminated by acid effluents containing high concentrations of uranium. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the uranium bioremediation capacity of 57 fungi isolated from the mine area. In tolerance tests, 38% (22) of the fungal isolates were considered tolerant to uranium, including 10 Penicillium species. At a uranium concentration of 2000 mg L-1 48 fungi did not exhibit mycelial growth index inhibition. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) analysis showed growth of 25 fungi above a uranium concentration of 8000 mg L-1. At high uranium concentrations, some fungi (i.e., Talaromyces amestolkiae and Penicillium citrinum) showed morphological changes and pigment (melanin) production. Among the fungal isolates, those considered to be more tolerant to uranium were isolated from soil and sediment samples containing higher concentrations of heavy metal. When comparing the results of resistance/tolerance tests with those for uranium biosorption capacity, we concluded that the fungi isolated from the Osamu Utsumi mine with the best potential for uranium bioremediation were Gongronella butleri, Penicillium piscarium, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium ludwigii, and Talaromyces amestolkiae. Biosorption tests with live fungal biomass showed that 11 species had a high potential for uranium uptake from contaminated water. Two isoforms of Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) genes, belonging to mu (Dp-GSTm1 and Dp-GSTm2) and sigma (Dp-GSTs1 and Dp-GSTs2) classes, were cloned and characterised in the freshwater Daphnia pulex. No signal peptide was found in any of the four GST proteins, indicating that they were cytosolic GST. A highly conserved glutathione (GSH) binding site (G-site) occurred in the N-terminal sequence, and a substrate binding site (H-site), interacting non-specifically with the second hydrophobic substrate, was present in the C-terminal. A Tyr residue, for the stabilization of GSH, was found to be conserved in the analysed sequences. The secondary and tertiary structures indicated that these genes possess the typical cytosolic GST structure, including a conserved N-terminal domain with a βαβαββα motif. The μ loop (NVGPAPDYDR and NFIGAEWDR in Dp-GSTm1 and Dp-GSTm2, respectively) was identified between the βαβ (β1α1β2) and αββα motifs (α2β3β4α3) in the N-terminal domain. The expressions of Dp-GSTs1, Dp-GSTs2, and Dp-GSTm1 were higher in other age groups compared to the newly-born neonates (1 d); however, the expression of Dp-GSTm2 first increased and then decreased with age.
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