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Background Neurocritical care by dedicated neurointensivists may improve outcomes of critically ill patients with severe brain injury. In this study, we aimed to validate whether neurointensive care could improve the outcome in patients with critically ill acute ischemic stroke using the linked big dataset on stroke in Korea. Methods We included 1,405 acute ischemic stroke patients with mechanical ventilator support in the intensive care unit after an index stroke. Patients were retrieved from linking the Clinical Research Center for Stroke Registry and the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service data from the period between January 2007 and December 2014. The outcomes were mortality at discharge and at 3 months after an index stroke. The main outcomes were compared between the centers with and without dedicated neurointensivists. Results Among the included patients, 303 (21.6%) were admitted to the centers with dedicated neurointensivists. The patients treated by dedicated neurointensivists had significantly lower in-hospital mortality (18.3% vs. 26.8%, P = 0.002) as well as lower mortality at 3-month (38.0% vs. 49.1%, P less then 0.001) than those who were treated without neurointensivists. After adjusting for confounders, a treatment without neurointensivists was independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.59; 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 1.13-2.25; P = 0.008) and 3-month mortality (OR, 1.48; 95% CIs, 1.12-1.95; P = 0.005). Conclusion Treatment by dedicated neurointensivists is associated with lower in-hospital and 3-month mortality using the linked big datasets for stroke in Korea. This finding stresses the importance of neurointensivists in treating patients with severe ischemic stroke.Recently, the gut microbiome has become an important field of interest. Indeed, the microbiome has been associated to numerous drug interactions and it is thought to influence the efficacy of pharmacologic treatments. Although statins are widely prescribed medications, there remains considerable variability in its therapeutic response. In this context, we aimed to investigate how statins modulate the gut microbiome and, reversely, how can the microbiome influence the course of anti-hypercholesterolemic treatment. We conducted a systematic review by searching four online databases, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies addressing gut microbiome changes following statin treatment and those assessing statins' response and associating it with patients' microbiome were included. Due to the limited number of results, we decided to include studies enrolling both humans and animals. We summarized information from three human and seven animal studies and aimed to assess the influence of gut microbiome composition on statin response (Outcome 1) and to evaluate the impact of statin treatment on the gut microbiome (Outcome 2). An association between a certain microbiome composition that promoted the lipid-lowering effect of statins was found. However, what kind of microorganisms and how they can exert this effect remains uncertain. Furthermore, statins might have a role in the modulation of the gut microbiome, but then again, it is still unknown whether this change is directly caused by the drug or another metabolic mechanism. Even though gut microbiota may have several potential therapeutic implications, its use as a personalized predictive biomarker requires further studies.The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays a significant role in mediating cellular physiological activities, such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and senescence. This signaling pathway is composed of several major proto-oncogenes of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, among which the BRAF proto-oncogene, as one of the three members of the RAF family, has a higher mutation rate than ARAF and CRAF and has attracted extensive attention. Regarding the BRAF mutation, approximately 95% of BRAF mutations belong to the BRAF V600E mutation, which can enhance the expression of the MAPK signaling pathway and is thus related to the occurrence and development of various malignant tumors and has been successfully identified as a therapeutic target. Moreover, drug resistance to BRAF inhibitor treatment also appears to be an important issue. Considering the successful use of BRAF inhibitors in melanoma, we provide a brief overview of the BRAF mutations, including their basic structures and activation mechanisms, and the new classification method for BRAF mutations. Most importantly, we summarize the results of BRAF inhibitor treatment in different sarcomas. To overcome drug resistance to BRAF inhibitor treatment, we also outline the different mechanisms of drug resistance to BRAF inhibitor treatment and introduce the combination strategy of BRAF inhibitors with other targeted therapies.Aims Diuretic resistance is common in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). When loop diuretic monotherapy is ineffective, thiazides are often recommended as adjunctive therapy, but these agents have many side effects and are associated with worsened survival. In contrast, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i's), initially developed as glucose-lowering medications for type 2 diabetes, improve heart failure outcomes. A candidate contributory mechanism for this benefit is their diuretic effects. We sought to describe the safety and efficacy of SGLT-2i's as loop diuretic adjuvants in ADHF. Methods and results We retrospectively analysed patients who received adjuvant SGLT-2i therapy between August 2016 and June 2018 at Yale-New Haven Hospital. Thirty-one patients comprised the cohort, 58% of whom had type 2 diabetes. Compared with the 24 h prior to SGLT-2i initiation, average weight loss improved (1.0 ± 2.2 kg, P = 0.03 at Day 1; 1.7 ± 4.9 kg, P = 0.08 at Day 2; and 2.1 ± 5.6 kg, P = 0.06 at Day 3), as did urine output (3.7 ± 2.0 L, P = 0.002 at Day 1; 3.4 ± 1.7 L, P = 0.02 at Day 2; and 3.1 ± 1.7 L, P = 0.02 at Day 3) while loop diuretic dosing remaining stable. Creatinine remained unchanged during the 3 days after initiation, as did blood pressure and the incidence of hypokalaemia (P = NS for all). Conclusions In this cohort of patients with ADHF, SGLT-2i's improved weight loss, urine output, and diuretic efficiency without worsening of creatinine, potassium, or blood pressure. Further study of SGLT-2i's as a loop diuretic adjuvant is warranted.At the time of diagnosis, approximately 15%-20% of patients with rectal cancer (RC) presented synchronous liver metastasis (SLM), which is the most common cause of death in patients with RC. Therefore, preoperative, noninvasive, and accurate prediction of SLM is crucial for personalized treatment strategies. Recently, radiomics has been considered as an advanced image analysis method to evaluate the neoplastic heterogeneity with respect to diagnosis of the tumor and prediction of prognosis. In this study, a total of 1409 radiomics features were extracted for each volume of interest (VOI) from high-resolution T2WI images of the primary RC. Subsequently, five optimal radiomics features were selected based on the training set using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method to construct the radiomics signature. In addition, radiomics signature combined with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) was included in the multifactor logistic regression to construct the nomogram model. It showed an optimal predictive performance in the validation set as compared to that in the radiomics model. The favorable calibration of the radiomics nomogram showed a nonsignificant Hosmer-Lemeshow test statistic (P > .05). The decision curve analysis (DCA) showed that the radiomics nomogram is clinically superior to the radiomics model. Therefore, the nomogram amalgamating the radiomics signature and clinical risk factors serve as an effective quantitative approach to predict the SLM of primary RC.The present status of antibiotic research requires the urgent invention of novel agents that act on multidrug-resistant bacteria. The World Health Organization has classified antibiotic-resistant bacteria into critical, high and medium priority according to the urgency of need for new antibiotics. Naturally occurring uridine-derived "nucleoside antibiotics" have shown promising activity against numerous priority resistant organisms by inhibiting the transmembrane protein MraY (translocase I), which is yet to be explored in a clinical context. The catalytic activity of MraY is an essential process for bacterial cell viability and growth including that of priority organisms. Degrasyn concentration Muraymycins are one subclass of naturally occurring MraY inhibitors. Despite having potent antibiotic properties, the structural complexity of muraymycins advocates for simplified analogues as potential lead structures. Herein, we report a systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of serine template-linked, simplified muraymycin-type analogues. This preliminary SAR lead study of serine template analogues successfully revealed that the complex structure of naturally occurring muraymycins could be easily simplified to afford bioactive scaffolds against resistant priority organisms. This study will pave the way for the development of novel antibacterial lead compounds based on a simplified serine template.To assess the outcome of a novel method of preventing facial pressure ulcers in spinal surgery and a review of literature. A prospective trial using a novel method of facial protection using paraffin tulle gras dressing to cover bony prominences during spinal surgical procedures was performed. Patients were reviewed at 24 hours and 6 weeks. A telephone survey was also conducted post discharge. Over an 8-month period, 12 patients (7F5M, age 9-72 years) underwent spine surgery for tumour stabilisation (n = 7), deformity correction (n = 4), and degenerative presentation (n = 1) with mean operative time of 472 minutes (range 150-785 minutes) in prone position. All patients were managed by the same team using an agreed protocol. No pressure ulcers were noted in our study. One patient sustained minimal erythema, which resolved after 24 hours. All patients were satisfied with the care received. Facial pressure ulcers though much reduced are still common in spinal surgery. The common factors are the long duration of surgery, shear, friction, moisture, and intrinsic factors. Our strategy of an appropriate facial support and constant vigilance helped eliminate the incidence of iatrogenic facial ulcers in spinal surgery.We previously reported that in rat skeletal muscle, disuse (i.e., decreased muscle contractile activity) rapidly increases thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), which is implicated in the reduced glucose uptake. Accordingly, we sought herein to (a) determine the effect of exercise (i.e., increased muscle contractile activity) on muscle TXNIP protein expression, and (b) elucidate the mechanisms underlying the changes of TXNIP protein expression in response to exercise. Rat epitrochlearis and soleus muscles were dissected out after an acute bout of 3-hr swimming (without weight loading) or 3-hr treadmill running (15% grade at 9m/min). In a separate protocol, the isolated epitrochlearis and soleus muscles were incubated for 3 hr with AMP-dependent protein kinase activator AICAR. Immediately after the cessation of the 3-hr swimming, the TXNIP protein was decreased in epitrochlearis but not in soleus muscle. Conversely, 3-hr treadmill running decreased the TXNIP protein in soleus but not in epitrochlearis muscle.
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