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Frustration due to idiopathic intracranial high blood pressure and persistent post-idiopathic intracranial high blood pressure headache: A narrative evaluation.
nd healthy diet can have prominent effects not only on the modulation of RAS but also on physical and cognitive functions and sarcopenia as well.
Fear of falling (FoF) is a common psychological problem in community-dwelling older adults. However, which mobility function relate to newly developed FoF and persistent FoF are unknown.

We aimed to clarify which baseline mobility function is an independent predictor of one-year change in FoF.

The study design was a one-year longitudinal predictive validity study. find more Participants were 581 independently community-dwelling older adults without neurological disorders. We measured FoF, history of falls, inactive lifestyle, and sociodemographic data were obtained via a self-administered questionnaire. Mobility functions were measured by community-based Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB-com).

Newly developed FoF group accounted for 20% among the non-FoF older adults at baseline. Persistent FoF group accounted for 57% among the older adults with FoF at baseline. Risk of newly developed FoF was significantly related to the SPPB-com total score, among the mobility functions, the low gait test score (OR [95% CI] = 2.34 [1.12-5.12]) and the low tandem balance test score (OR [95% CI] = 3.62 [1.46-8.90]) were significantly related. Risk of persistent FoF was also related to SPPB-com total score, among the mobility functions, the five chair stand test score (OR [95% CI] = 1.96 [1.19-3.24]) was significantly related.

The risk of newly developed FoF related to lower ability of standing-balance and gait, the risk of persistent FoF related to lower sit-to-stand ability. Appropriate exercise interventions according to FoF subtype may effectively prevent the risk of developing FoF or experiencing persistent FoF.
The risk of newly developed FoF related to lower ability of standing-balance and gait, the risk of persistent FoF related to lower sit-to-stand ability. Appropriate exercise interventions according to FoF subtype may effectively prevent the risk of developing FoF or experiencing persistent FoF.Spontaneous activity in the brain maintains an internal structured pattern that reflects the external environment, which is essential for processing information and developing perception and cognition. An essential prerequisite of spontaneous activity for perception is the ability to reverberate external information, such as by potentiation. Yet its role in the processing of potentiation in mouse superior colliculus (SC) neurons is less studied. Here, we used electrophysiological recording, optogenetics, and drug infusion methods to investigate the mechanism of potentiation in SC neurons. We found that visual experience potentiated SC neurons several minutes later in different developmental stages, and the similarity between spontaneous and visually-evoked activity increased with age. Before eye-opening, activation of retinal ganglion cells that expressed ChR2 also induced the potentiation of spontaneous activity in the mouse SC. Potentiation was dependent on stimulus number and showed feature selectivity for direction and orientation. Optogenetic activation of parvalbumin neurons in the SC attenuated the potentiation induced by visual experience. Furthermore, potentiation in SC neurons was blocked by inhibiting the glutamate transporter GLT1. These results indicated that the potentiation induced by a visual stimulus might play a key role in shaping the internal representation of the environment, and serves as a carrier for short-term memory consolidation.
Classic Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a severe disease characterized by central obesity, hypertension, easy bruising, striae rubrae, buffalo hump, proximal myopathy and hypertricosis. However, several CS cases have also been reported with unusual or camouflaged manifestations. In recent years, several authors investigated the prevalence of "hidden hypercortisolism" (HidHyCo) among subjects affected with bone fragility, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The prevalence of the HidHyCo is estimated to be much higher than that of classic CS. However, similarly to classic CS, HidHyCo is known to increase the risk of fractures, cardiovascular disease and mortality.

We reviewed all published cases of unusual presentations of hypercortisolism and studies specifically assessing the HidHyCo prevalence in diabetic, osteoporotic and hypertensive patients.

We found 49 HidHyCo cases, in whom bone fragility, hypertension and diabetes were the presenting manifestations of an otherwise silent hypercortisolism. Amongst these cases, 34.7%, 32.7%, 6.1% and 19.0%, respectively, had bone fragility, hypertension, DM2 or hypertension plus DM2 as the sole clinical manifestations of HidHyCo. Overall, 25% of HidHyCo cases were of pituitary origin, and bone fragility was the very prevalent first manifestation among them. In population studies, it is possible to estimate that 1-4% of patients with apparent primary osteoporosis has a HidHyCo and the prevalence of this condition among diabetics ranges between 3.4 and 10%.

These data indicate that patients with resistant or suddenly worsening hypertension or DM2 or unexplainable bone fragility should be screened for HidHyCo using the most recently approved sensitive cut-offs.
These data indicate that patients with resistant or suddenly worsening hypertension or DM2 or unexplainable bone fragility should be screened for HidHyCo using the most recently approved sensitive cut-offs.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in 32 surface sediment samples collected around three cities (Barcarena, Belém, and Santana) located on the coast of the Brazilian Amazon. The concentration of total PAHs ranged from lower than detection limit to 33,101 ng g-1 in a sample from Barcarena and was related to a large aluminum industrial complex and port activities. In Belém, which is the most populated area in the Amazon region, PAHs were probably derived from untreated sewage discharge and inputs from a large municipal landfill. Pyrogenic PAHs were predominant in both cities, with a smaller contribution of petrogenic PAHs. Low alkylated PAH levels may be associated with small boats and ship traffic. Santana had low total PAH concentrations, with a predominance of unusual alkylated PAHs, probably related to diagenetic transformations of organic matter in the sediment. In general, PAH concentrations in the samples were low and may reflect baseline levels for this Amazon estuarine system.
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