Notes

Cryomicrobial Ecosystem: Nevertheless Considerably To discover Living Overlooked within the Frosty.
Post-operatively, 14(87.5%) patients had the E grade. There was complication in 1(6.25%) case that had a post-operative wound infection.

Surgery for spinal metastases was found to be a safe and viable option for patients with metastatic spine fractures in resource-limited countries like Pakistan.
Surgery for spinal metastases was found to be a safe and viable option for patients with metastatic spine fractures in resource-limited countries like Pakistan.
To emphasize on safety principles through anatomic approach in Supracostal Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Data of patients who underwent PCNL from June 2004 to August 2014 at the Kidney Centre Karachi, Pakistan were reviewed. Patients above 14 years of age with Supracostal Access were included in study. PCNL was performed in prone position with 'Bull's Eye Technique'. Nephrostomy was placed after completion of the procedure in most cases. Data on demographic details, stone burden, stone clearance with primary PCNL and combination and complications rate was assessed using Modified Clavien Grades 1 through 5.

Total 426 patients underwent PCNL. Seventy (70) out of 426 underwent PCNL through Supracostal Approach. Fifty (71.4 %) patients were Stone Free after PCNL and 64 (91.4%) patients were stone free after auxiliary procedures (ESWL, SECONDARY PCNL). The overall complication rate was 4.7% with 3 (4.3%) patients requiring Tube Thoracostomy and 1 (1.4%) each for angioembolisation, pulmonary oedema/ Ventilation and ICU admission due to urosepsis and renal dysfunction.

Supracostal PCNL is a safe and effective approach for multiple stones in pelvicalyceal system. Due anatomic consideration can decrease the complication rate. In complex stones with huge burden, an elaborate and thorough counseling regarding delayed clearance and need for auxiliary procedures including secondary PCNL is mandatory.
Supracostal PCNL is a safe and effective approach for multiple stones in pelvicalyceal system. Due anatomic consideration can decrease the complication rate. In complex stones with huge burden, an elaborate and thorough counseling regarding delayed clearance and need for auxiliary procedures including secondary PCNL is mandatory.
To compare the findings of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients presenting with bile duct disorders.

The retrospective secondary-data study was conducted at the Gastroenterology Department of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, and comprised data of patients who presented with bile duct disorders from June2019 to May2020. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.

Of the 92 patients, 41(44.6%) were males and 51(55.4%) were females. The overall mean age was 50.12 ± 16.7 years (range 13-80 years). Out of 28 bile duct calculi cases detected by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, 25(89.3%) were detected by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and, of the 64 without calculi, it was 50(78.1%). Out of 8 bile duct strictures detected by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, 3(37.5%) were correctly diagnosed by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and, of the 84 unaffected patients, were excluded 79(94%). Out of 64 bile duct dilatation cases, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography correctly diagnosed 59(92.2%), and, of the 28 unaffected patients, it excluded 27(96.4%).

For bile duct stone and dilation, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was found to have high diagnostic accuracy.
For bile duct stone and dilation, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was found to have high diagnostic accuracy.
To determine the frequency of breakthrough seizures among paediatric patients suffering from epilepsy, and factors related to the precipitation of these seizures.

The cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1, 2018, to July 1, 2020, at the Combined Military Hospital Lahore and the Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised children of either gender aged 2-12 years diagnosed with any type of epilepsy presenting at the children outpatient department. Diagnosis of epilepsy was established by either a consultant adult neurophysician or a consultant paediatrician. The presence of breakthrough seizures was assessed by obtaining detailed history from the patient and the primary caregiver. Socio-demographic profile, duration of epilepsy and poly-pharmacy were noted. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.

Of the 450 subjects, 259(57.6%) were boys and 191(42.4%) were girls. The overall mean age was 6.353±4.732 years. The presence of breakthrough seizures was noted in 227(50.4%) subjects. Children with young age, with low family income, and those in need of poly-pharmacy showed significantly higher odds for breakthrough seizures (p<0.05).

The incidence of breakthrough seizures in epileptic children was high despite the anticonvulsant agents that were previously effective in controlling seizures.
The incidence of breakthrough seizures in epileptic children was high despite the anticonvulsant agents that were previously effective in controlling seizures.
To identify the effect of cognitive behaviour hypnotherapy on nonsuicidal self-injury condition.

The quasi-experimental study was conducted from May 2019 to April 2020 in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised students aged 18-25 years at various universities and colleges in the twin cities. The participants were screened using deliberate self-harm inventory for >2 events without suicidal intention in line with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition. They were then divided into two intervention and control groups. Over the following three months, the intervention group received cognitive behaviour hypnotherapy, while the control group did not receive any treatment. The groups were assessed post-intervention. The final phase comprised follow-up assessment of the condition. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.

Of the 60 subjects, there were 30(50%) in each of the two groups. Overall, there were 41(68%) males and 19(32%) females. The majority of the subjects were aged 21-23 years 29(48%). More than 5 self-harm incidents were reported by 48(80%) subjects, while suicidal ideation was detected in 6(10%) students. The effect size of the study was good in terms of pre- and post-intervention values (d=4.90), the post-intervention and follow-up assessment values (d=0.32) and the pre-intervention and follow-up values (d=5.42). The comparison between treatment and no treatment groups indicated the effectiveness of treatment over no-treatment, F (1, 58) = 53.16, p < .001.

Cognitive behaviour hypnotherapy was found to be effective in treating the nonsuicidal self-injury condition.
Cognitive behaviour hypnotherapy was found to be effective in treating the nonsuicidal self-injury condition.
To evaluate the effect of nurses' occupational safety perceptions on the level of job satisfaction.

The cross-sectional study was conducted at Acibadem Healthcare Group hospitals in Turkey from January 15 to February 15, 2018, and comprised of professional nurses. Data was collected using the Job Satisfaction Scale and the Occupational Health and Safety Culture Scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.

Of the 275 nurses, 210(76.4%) were females and 65(23.6%) were males. The overall mean age was 26.50±5.11 years, mean working experience was 57.08±51.56 months and the mean length of current employment was 31.13±32.86 months. There was a positive correlation between nurses' job satisfaction and occupational safety perceptions (p<0.001); between nurses' working conditions and extrinsic satisfaction (p=0.001); and between the working conditions and the nurses' general satisfaction (p=0.008).

High perceptions of occupational safety among the nurses led to greater job satisfaction within the organisation. Also, working conditions had a direct impact on both extrinsic and general job satisfaction.
High perceptions of occupational safety among the nurses led to greater job satisfaction within the organisation. Also, working conditions had a direct impact on both extrinsic and general job satisfaction.
To compare the frequency of seroma formation in laparoscopic para-umbilical hernia repair with and without primary closure of defect.

The randomised parallel group study was conducted at the Department of Surgery, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, from October 1, 2019, to May 31, 2020, and comprised patients of both genders age 25-65 years diagnosed as a case of para-umbilical hernia. The patients were randomised into group A which subsequently had laparoscopic primary repair of defect with non-absorbable suture prior to mesh placement, and group B which had laparoscopic repair without primary closure of the defect. Case sheets of patients were prepared for age, gender, duration of disease, operating time, body mass index and the presence or absence of seroma formation. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.

Of the 100 patients, 35(35%) were males and 65(65%) were females with male-to-female ratio of 11.9, and an overall mean age of 43.92±10.77 years. Both groups had 50(50%) patients each. Post-operative seroma formation was noted in 1(2%) group A patient and 12(24%) group B patients (p=0.001).

Primary closure of the fascial defect in laparoscopic para-umbilical hernia repair resulted in decreased frequency of post-operative seroma formation.
Primary closure of the fascial defect in laparoscopic para-umbilical hernia repair resulted in decreased frequency of post-operative seroma formation.
To evaluate the amputees' satisfaction with their prostheses and with the clinical services.

The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Medical Rehabilitation Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia, from August 2018 to November 2019, and comprised unilateral, traumatic lower limb amputees. Data was collected using the client satisfaction with the device, and the client satisfaction with service modules of the Orthotics and Prosthetics User's Survey instrument. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.

Of the 220 subjects, 43(19.54%) were transfemoral amputees; 37(86%) males with a mean age of 51.9±12.7 years, and 6(14%) females with mean age 51.9±12.7 years. There were 168(76.36%) transtibial amputees; 146(87%) males with mean age 51.7±12.9 years, and 22(13%) females with mean age 54.1±12.7 years. Besides, there were 9(4.09%) female partial-foot amputees with a mean age of 36.0± 6.5 years. Overall, 165(75%) subjects were satisfied with the durability of their prostheses, and 213(97%) were satisfied with the service standard.

Most of the participants were generally satisfied with their prostheses, and almost all of them were generally satisfied with the clinical services.
Most of the participants were generally satisfied with their prostheses, and almost all of them were generally satisfied with the clinical services.
To quantify the depiction of violence and vulgarity in television programmes for children, and to assess the perception and practices of parents and children about television programmes meant for children.

We conducted this mixed-methods cross-sectional study in Karachi, Pakistan in the months of August-September 2018, after approval from the ethics review board of Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi. First, a content analysis of over 102 hours of various television programmes meant for children was performed in the light of the guidelines set out by the World Health Organisation, the United States Federal Communication Commission and the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority. Seven trained researchers sampled the children prime time throughout a week, including the weekends, using a structured tally sheet. Cathepsin G Inhibitor I supplier Subsequently, interviews were conducted with dyad of parent-children from the employees' list of a public-sector university. A questionnaire was also administered to assess the practices and perceptions of the parents-children dyad about the programmes.
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