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The correlation between deltaVb and deltaVcw increased marginally with WAV, TH+WAV and MAN compared to CTRL (P less then ; 0.01). Conversely, TH alone yielded a lower correlation (P less then ; 0.01). It follows that while the automated wavelet filter level selection method (WAV) represents an effective, operator-independent method for the correction of deltaVb, whether or not it is combined with specific correction for changes in thermodynamic conditions inside the plethysmograph, the manual method (MAN) yields satisfactory results without the constraints of intra-thoracic and abdominal pressure measurement.A sufficient oxygen supply of the fetus is necessary for a proper development of the organs. #link# Transabdominal fetal pulse oximetry is a method that allows to measure the oxygenation of the fetal blood non-invasively by placing the light sources and photodetectors on the belly of the pregnant woman. The shape of the measured fetal pulse wave is needed to extract parameters for the estimation of the oxygen saturation. This work presents an extension of our previously presented signal processing strategy that allows to extract an average shape of the fetal pulse wave from noisy mixed photoplethysmograms (PPG) with dominating maternal and very weak fetal signal components. An adaptive noise canceller and a comb filter are used to suppress the maternal component. The quality of the resulting fetal signal is sufficient to identify single pulse waves in time domain. Further processing demonstrates the extraction of the mean shape of a single fetal pulse wave by synchronous averaging of several detected pulses. The method is evaluated with different datasets of several simulated and synthetic signals measured with a tissue mimicking phantom. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated by preparing the mixed PPGs to perform fetal pulse oximetry in future studies. However, clinical measurements are needed to finally evaluate the proposed system beyond synthetic datasets.Fetal electrocardiography is a valuable alternative to standard fetal monitoring. Suppression of the maternal electrocardiogram (ECG) in the abdominal measurements, results in fetal ECG signals, from which the fetal heart rate (HR) can be determined. selleckchem requires fetal R-peak detection, which is challenging, especially during low signal-to-noise ratio periods, caused for example by uterine activity. In this paper, we propose the combination of a convolutional neural network and a long short-term memory network that directly predicts the fetal HR from multichannel fetal ECG. The network is trained on a dataset, recorded during labor, while the performance of the method is evaluated both on a test dataset and on set-A of the 2013 Physionet /Computing in Cardiology Challenge. The algorithm achieved a positive percent agreement of 92.1% and 98.1% for the two datasets respectively, outperforming a top-performing state-of-the-art signal processing algorithm.COVID-19 pandemic is spreading rapidly worldwide, and drug selection can affect the morbidity and mortality of the disease positively or negatively. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a potent antioxidant and reduces oxidative stress and inhibits activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB). ALA reduces ADAM17 activity and ACE2 upregulation. ALA is known to have antiviral effects against some viruses. ALA may show antiviral effect by reducing NF-kB activation and alleviating redox reactions. ALA increases the intracellular glutathione strengthens the human host defense. ALA activates ATP dependent K+ channels (Na+, K+-ATPase). Increased K+ in the cell raises the intracellular pH. As the intracellular pH increases, the entry of the virus into the cell decreases. ALA can increase human host defense against SARS-CoV-2 by increasing intracellular pH. ALA treatment increases antioxidant levels and reduces oxidative stress. Thus, ALA may strengthen the human host defense against SARS-CoV-2 and can play a vital role in the treatment of patients with critically ill COVID-19. It can prevent cell damage by decreasing lactate production in patients with COVID-19. Using ALA with insulin in patients with diabetes can show a synergistic effect against SARS-CoV-2. We think ALA treatment will be beneficial against COVID-19 in patients with diabetes.The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly spread all over the world and caused a major health care crisis. About 20% of patients develop severe disease and require hospitalisation, which is associated with a high mortality rate of up to 97% in those being ventilated and respiratory failure being the leading cause of death. Despite many therapeutic agents being under current investigation there is yet no panacea available. With increasing rates of infection throughout the world, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches to counteract the infection. As the nervous system has shown to be a strong modulator of respiratory function and the immune response, we want to highlight pathways involved in regulation of respiratory function, the neuro-immune axis as well as the rationale for a potential targeted treatment of fulminant acute respiratory distress syndrome via transcutaneous non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation in critically-ill COVID-19 patients.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) naturally occur in plants and all living organisms. link2 They play an important role in gene regulation through binding toa specific region in open reading frames (ORFs) and/or untranslated regions (UTRs) to block the translation processes through either degrading or blocking mRNA resulting in knocking down or suppression of targeted genes. Plants and many organisms protect themselves from viruses through the production of miRNAs, which are complementary to 3UTR of viruses resulting in degrading the viral mRNA or block the translation on ribosomes. As pandemic, COVID-19, and its consequences on the global economy, we hypothesized a new approach for the treatment of COVID-19 paints. This approach includes designing a mix of miRNAs targeting several regions on COVID-19 open reading frame (ORF) and 3 UTR and suitable delivery system targeting respiratory system tissues. These synthesized miRNAs may be delivered to humansinnon-viral delivery systems such as liposomes like exosome (extracellular vesicle), polymer-based carriers, or inorganic nanoparticles, which are considered to be more suitable for human use.Major lower-limb amputation (LLA) is a life-changing event associated with poor post-operative physical and psychological functioning and decreased quality of life. The general physical condition of most LLA patients prior to surgery is already significantly deteriorated due to chronic peripheral vascular disease often in combination with diabetes. Pre-operative rehabilitation (also called 'pre-rehabilitation') is an increasingly common strategy used in multiple patient populations to improve patients' physical and mental condition prior to surgery, thus aiming at improving the post-operative patient outcomes. Given the positive effects of post-surgical outcomes in many patient populations, we hypothesize that pre-operative rehabilitation will improve post-operative outcomes after LLA. To test this hypothesis, a literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCOhost, Web of Science and ScienceDirect was performed to identify studies that investigated the impact of a pre-operative rehabilitation therapy on post-operatar patients, but at this stage cannot be advised based on current evidence even in this subgroup. Further research is needed to clarify whether such an intervention prior to amputation would be a useful and effective tool for optimizing post-operative outcomes in LLA patients.Corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19), a pandemia emerged recently, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The receptor for corona virus and influenza A is the mucosal cell membrane protein angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is abundant on the membrane of alveolar cells and enterocytes. Viral spike protein 1 (S1) is the ligand, with an affinity of 14.7 nM to the receptor. The main port of entry for the virus is the upper respiratory tract, and the diagnosis is usually by PCR of the viral RNA with nasal and pharyngeal swab test. Human defensin 5 (HDEF5) is a protein encoded by the DEFA gene, secreted by Paneth cells in the small intestine and by granules of neutrophils. It has an affinity of 39.3 nM to ACE2, much higher than that of the corona S1. HDEF5 may also attach to glycosylated Corona S1 protein, make its efficiency even better. The issues to be investigated are the affinity of HDEF5 to S1 protein, the ability of recombinant HDEF5 function in attaching both ACE2 and S1, and the feasibility to perform aerosol spray of this protein. In addition, safety and efficiency should be studied in phases I, II and II clinical protocols. Thus, an aerosol spray of HDEF5 given through the nose and throat, once to several times a day, may be a very efficient approach to prevent infection with SARA-CoV-2 as well as influenza A.COVID-19 initially an epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has turned out to be a life- threatening global pandemic with increased morbidity and mortality. link3 The presence of cytokine storm has been linked with the pathogenesis of severe lung injury as evinced in COVID-19. Aquaporins (AQPs) are molecular water channels, facilitating water transport across the cell membrane in response to osmotic gradients. Impairment in alveolar fluid clearance due to altered functional expression of respiratory AQPs highlight their pathophysiological significance in pulmonary edema associated respiratory illness. Therefore, we hypothesize that targeted modulation of AQPs in lungs in the intervening period of time, could diminish the dreadful effects of inflammation- induced comorbidity in COVID-19.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have a metabolic origin given strong links with risk factors such as lipids and glucose and co-morbidities such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein mediates viral cellular entry via the ACE2 receptor. The cytoplasmic tail of this spike protein is heavily palmitoylated. Emerging studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 alters lipid metabolism in the lung epithelial cells by modulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), possibly contributing to lipotoxicity, inflammation and untoward respiratory effects. Disruption of this process may affect palmitoylation of SARS-CoV spike protein and thus infectivity and viral assembly. COVID-19 is also increasingly being recognized as a vascular disease, with several studies noting prominent systemic endothelial dysfunction. The pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction may also be linked to COVID-19-mediated metabolic and inflammatory effects. Herein, exercise will be compared to fenofibrate as a possible therapeutic strategy to bolster resilience against (and help manage recovery from) COVID-19. This paper will explore the hypothesis that exercise may be a useful adjuvant in a setting of COVID-19 management/rehabilitation due to its effects on PPARα and vascular endothelial function.
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