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Environment Surface area Toxic contamination along with SARS-CoV-2: Lavatories because the Many Polluted Areas throughout COVID-19 Word of mouth Medical center.
Among obese donors, only 7.7% had a complication, which was a surgical-site infection in all cases. The baseline BMI was higher among donors who maintained normal renal function and no proteinuria than in donors with impaired renal function and/or proteinuria; the difference was not significant. The occurrence of hypertension or diabetes was independent of baseline BMI. Donors with dyslipidaemia had no significantly greater baseline BMI than those with no dyslipidaemia.

The BMI at the time of kidney donation does not seem to influence the short- or long-term consequences of nephrectomy in living donors.
The BMI at the time of kidney donation does not seem to influence the short- or long-term consequences of nephrectomy in living donors.Pelvic fracture urethral injuries comprise one of the most challenging reconstructive procedures in urology. The obliterated or stenosed urethra can usually be effectively repaired by an end-to-end anastomosis (bulbomembranous anastomosis). To achieve this, a progression of surgical steps can be used to make a tension-free anastomosis. Before undertaking surgery it is important to comprehensively assess the patient to define their anatomical defects, in particular the site of the stenosis, the length of the distraction injury and the integrity of the bladder neck, and thus guide preoperative decision-making. Contemporary reports suggest that most pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects (PFUDD) can be adequately managed by a perineal approach. Nevertheless it is essential that all surgeons treating these injuries are familiar with the whole spectrum of operative steps that are necessary to repair PFUDD.
To compare the efficacy, safety and cost of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) for treating a 20-30mm single renal pelvic stone.

The computerised records of patients who underwent PNL or ESWL for a 20-30mm single renal pelvic stone between January 2006 and December 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients aged <18years who had a branched stone, advanced hydronephrosis, a solitary kidney, anatomical renal abnormality, or had a surgical intervention within the past 6months were excluded. The study included 337 patients with a mean (SD, range) age of 49.3 (12.2, 20-81)years. The patients' criteria (age, sex, body mass index) and the stone characteristics (side, stone length, surface area, attenuation value and skin-to-stone distance) were compared between the groups. The re-treatment rate, the need for secondary procedures, success rate, complications and the total costs were calculated and compared.

In all, 167 patients were treated by ESWL and 170 by PNL. The re-treatment rate (75% vs. 5%), the need for secondary procedures (25% vs. 4.7%) and total number of procedures (three vs. selleck kinase inhibitor one) were significantly higher in the ESWL group (P<0.001). The success rate was significantly higher in the PNL group (95% vs. 75%, P<0.001), as was the complication rate (13% vs. 6.6%, P=0.050). The total costs of primary and secondary procedures were significantly higher for PNL (US$ 1120 vs. 490; P<0.001).

PNL was more effective than ESWL for treating a single renal pelvic stone of 20-30mm. However, ESWL was associated with fewer complications and a lower cost.
PNL was more effective than ESWL for treating a single renal pelvic stone of 20-30 mm. However, ESWL was associated with fewer complications and a lower cost.Thulium laser vapo-enucleation of the prostate is the latest addition to the arsenal of minimally invasive therapies available for the surgical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostate hyperplasia. The potential advantages include smoother vaporisation, a clearer visual field and the option of both continuous-wave and pulsed modes, which also potentiate the haemostatic properties of this endoscopic method. Short-term results show that it yields significant improvements in both subjective and objective outcomes, with a strong safety profile. Large-scale randomised studies with a longer follow-up are warranted to determine the durability of this laser procedure.
To determine the efficacy and safety of solifenacin for correcting the residual symptoms of an overactive bladder (OAB) in patients who were treated for a urinary tract infection (UTI).

Using random sampling, 524 patients aged >60years were selected (347 women, 66.2%, and 177 men, 33.8%). They denied the presence of any symptoms of detrusor overactivity in their medical history, but had a diagnosis of a UTI. At least 1month after the end of treatment and a laboratory confirmation of the absence of infection, each patient completed an OAB-Awareness Tool questionnaire (OAB signs, total score 8 points), and a noninvasive examination of urinary function (uroflowmetry). Each day patients in group A took solifenacin 10mg and those in group B took 5mg, with patients in group C being given a placebo.

During the study 58.8% of patients had symptoms of an OAB at 1month after the end of the treatment for a UTI, and normal laboratory markers. During treatment with the standard and higher dose of solifenacin, within 8weeks most variables of the condition of the lower urinary tract reached a normal state or improved.

Patients aged >60years who had been treated for a UTI have a high risk of developing symptoms of an OAB. Solifenacin in standard doses is an efficient and safe means of managing overactive detrusor symptoms after a UTI.
60 years who had been treated for a UTI have a high risk of developing symptoms of an OAB. Solifenacin in standard doses is an efficient and safe means of managing overactive detrusor symptoms after a UTI.
To assess the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in Egyptian women, its relation to urinary incontinence (UI), and the impact on their quality of life (QoL).

This was a cross-sectional study involving 350 women, using multistage sampling to recruit them. The inclusion criterion was women aged ⩾18years who lived in the Ismailia governorate. Four trained nurses interviewed the women at their houses in two areas selected randomly, one rural and one urban. The Arabic validated International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form was used to assess the symptoms of UI, frequency and severity of urinary leakage, impact on QoL, and the presence of NE. The results were analysed statistically using appropriate methods.

The mean age of the women was 42.46years. The prevalence of adult-onset NE was 12/350 (3.4%), and this increased significantly with increasing age and history of previous surgery (e.g., hysterectomy) (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant association between NE and UI, as 11 of 12 women with NE had UI; most (seven of the 12) had mixed UI. The mean QoL score of NE, UI alone and normal subjects was 6.8, 4.7 and 0.02, respectively (P<0.05).

The overall prevalence of adult-onset NE was 3.4% amongst Egyptian women. The presence of NE correlated positively with UI, and UI had a negative impact on the QoL of women, but NE had a greater impact.
The overall prevalence of adult-onset NE was 3.4% amongst Egyptian women. The presence of NE correlated positively with UI, and UI had a negative impact on the QoL of women, but NE had a greater impact.
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a procedure using surgeon-tailored polypropylene mesh (STM) through a needle-less single-incision technique for treating stress urinary incontinence (SUI), aiming to decrease the cost of treatment, which is important in developing countries.

In all, 43 women diagnosed using a cough stress test were treated from January 2011 to June 2013 at the Urology and Gynaecology Departments (dual-centre), Cairo University Hospitals. Previous surgery was not a contra-indication. Patients with a postvoid residual urine volume of >100mL, a bladder capacity of <300mL, impaired compliance or neurological lesions were excluded. The Stress and Urge incontinence Quality of life Questionnaire (SUIQQ) and urodynamic variables were compared before and after surgery. The variables were compared between the baseline and postoperative follow-up values using a paired t-test, a Wilcoxon signed-rank test or McNemar's test.

The mean age was 42.7years and 20 (47%) patients had associated urgency UI (UUI), whilst 21 (49%) had intrinsic sphincter deficiency. The median (range) operative duration was 14 (5-35)min. There were no complications during surgery. The mean (SD, range) follow-up was 28.1 (5.1, 18-36)months. Postoperative complications were vaginal discharge (5%), failure of wound healing (5%), dyspareunia (5%) and UTI (5%). The sling was removed in one case. SUI, UUI and quality-of-life indices improved significantly after surgery. There were no significant differences in pressure-flow studies before and after surgery. In all, 38 (88%) patients were cured, four (9%) improved and in one only the treatment failed (2%).

This technique is simple, safe, effective, reproducible and economical for treating SUI. The STM was easy to insert in a short operation.
This technique is simple, safe, effective, reproducible and economical for treating SUI. The STM was easy to insert in a short operation.
To report the first laparoscopic periprostatic implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) after a transurethral resection of the prostate.

The implantation of an AUS is a standard procedure for severe urinary incontinence. In men it is usually implanted through a perineal approach, with the cuff placed around the bulbous urethra, bladder neck, or even around the prostate.

We report a laparoscopic periprostatic implantation of an AUS after a transurethral resection of a prostate in a 72-year-old-man with incontinence.

The operative duration was 180min and the blood loss was 150mL. There were no complications. After activating the AUS the patient was totally continent.

The laparoscopic periprostatic implantation of an AUS is a safe, effective and considerably less invasive procedure.
The laparoscopic periprostatic implantation of an AUS is a safe, effective and considerably less invasive procedure.
To determine the efficacy and safety of the laparoscopic management of an impacted distal ureteric stone in a bilharzial ureter, as bilharzial ureters are complicated by distal stricture caused by the precipitation of bilharzial ova in the distal ureter. These cases are associated with poorly functioning and grossly hydronephrotic kidneys that hinder the endoscopic manipulation of the coexistent distal high burden of, and long-standing, impacted stones.

We used laparoscopic ureterolithotomy, with four trocars, to manage 51 bilharzial patients (33 men and 18 women; mean age 40.13years) with distal ureteric stones. The ureter was opened directly over the stone and the stone was extracted. A JJ stent was inserted into the ureter, which was then closed with a 4-0 polyglactin running suture.

The mean stone size was 2.73cm. Conversion to open surgery was required in only one patient. The mean operative duration was 92min, the postoperative pain score was 20-60, the mean (range) number of analgesic requests after surgery was 1.72 (1-3), comprising once in 21 patients, twice in 23 and thrice in seven. The mean hospital stay was 2.74days, and the total duration of follow-up was 7-12months. The stone recurred in four patients and a ureteric stricture was reported in two. All patients were rendered stone-free.

Laparoscopy is a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure for distal ureteric stones in a bilharzial ureter with hydronephrosis.
Laparoscopy is a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure for distal ureteric stones in a bilharzial ureter with hydronephrosis.
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