Notes

GCH1 induces immunosuppression by way of metabolism re-training and also IDO1 upregulation in triple-negative breast cancer.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Senna bicapsularis was characterized from Illumina pair-end sequencing. The chloroplast genome of S. bicapsularis was 161,056 bp in length, containing a large single-copy region (LSC) of 90,416 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 18,538 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,051 bp. The overall GC content is 36.20%, while the correponding values of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 64.5%, 69.4%, and 60.2%, respectively. The genome contains 129 complete genes, including8 rRNAs, 37 tRNAs and 84 protein coding genes. A phylogenetic analysis showed that Senna tora and Erythrophleumfordiiform the basis of the produced evolutionary tree. S.bicapsularis and S. occidentalis, which belongto the group Cassia, share the closest relationship. The analysis of the cp genome of S.bicapsularisprovides crucial genetic information for further studies of this precious species and the taxonomy, phylogenetics and evolution of Cassia.In this study, we assembled one mitochondrial genome of Cyrenobatissa subsulcata from NovaSeq 6000 sequencing data. The complete mitochondrial genome of C. subsulcata was 18,074 bp in length, including 37 genes, which are 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes ((12S and 16S), which was similar as another Corbiculidae species, Corbicula fluminea. The overall base composition was 26.08% for A, 42.9% for T, 9.11% for C, and 21.91% for G. A phylogeny of 14 bivalves showed C. subsulcata was clustered within Corbiculidae.Catalpa speciosa (Warder) Engelm. is a precious Catalpa tree widely used as a large ornamental shade tree. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome was assembled from Illumina sequencing data. The completed plastome was 158,239 bp in length, including a large single copy (LSC) region of 85,036 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 12,639 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 30,282 bp. The overall GC content of the genome was 38.09%, and the corresponding values of the LSC, SSC and IR regions were 36.44%, 33.57%, and 41.35%, respectively. A total of 129 genes were annotated, including 83 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out based on complete plastome sequences of C. speciose and 11 other species from Bignoniaceae family. The newly characterized complete chloroplast genome will provide essential data for further studies of C. speciosa.Paradox is one of the most important rootstock resources in USA and China walnut industry. In this study, we characterized the complete chloroplast genome of Paradox (Juglans major × J. regia) based on next generation sequencing. The circular complete chloroplast genome was 160,324 bp in length, containing a large single-copy (LSC) region of 89,852 bp, and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,410 bp. These two regions were separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb) of 26,031 bp each. A total of 131 functional genes were encoded, consisted of 87 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The overall GC content of the chloroplast genome was 36.1% and the GC contents of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions were 33.7, 29.9, and 42.6%, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis by Neighbor-Joining showed that Paradox was relatively closely related to J. major compared to other species of Juglans genus. This complete chloroplast genome will provide valuable insight into evolution, molecular breeding, and phylogenetic analysis of Juglans species.The Chagos archipelago in the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) has been lacking in detailed genetic studies of its chondrichthyan populations. Chondrichthyes in Chagos continue to be endangered through illegal fishing operations, necessitating species distribution and abundance studies to facilitate urgent monitoring and conservation of the species. Here, we present a complete mitochondrial genome of the Silvertip Shark, Carcharhinus albimarginatus sampled in the Chagos archipelago. The mitochondrial genome of C. albimarginatus was 16,706 bp in length and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, a replication origin and a D-loop region. GC content was at 38.7% and the control region was 1,065 bp in length. We expect that mitogenomes presented here will aid development of molecular assays for species distribution studies. Overall these studies will promote effective conservation of marine ecosystemes in the BIOT.We present the first mitogenome sequence of the Smoothnose Wedgefish, Rhynchobatus laevis obtained through field sequencing on the MinION handheld sequencer. The mitochondrial genome of R. laevis is 16,560 bp in length and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a non-coding control region (D-loop). GC content was at 40.1%. The control region was 867 bp in length. Whole mitochondrial genome sequence of R. laevis will enable improved understanding of distribution, abundance, catch and trade rates of the Critically Endangered species.We report the first mitochondrial genome sequences for the gray reef shark, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos. Two specimens from the British Indian Ocean Territory were sequenced independently using two different next generation sequencing methods, namely short read sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq and long read sequencing on the Oxford Nanopore Technologies' MinION sequencer. The two sequences are 99.9% identical and are 16,705 base pairs (bp) and 16,706 bp in length. The mitogenome contains 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes and two non-coding regions; the control region and the origin of light-strand replication (OL).Lactarius trivialis is a very common species and widely distributes in north temperate. In this study, a complete mitogenome of L. trivialis was assembled and annotated. The whole mitogenome of L. trivialis was a circular molecule with 42,366 bp in length, encoding 44 genes as follows 19 coding genes, two rRNAs, and 23 tRNAs. The contents of four bases in mtDNA were A (39.65%), T (38.82%), C (11.30%), and G (21.53%), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis recovered that it is nested with other Lactarius spp. in the order Russulalles.The black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus), native to eastern Asian, is a large, commercially valuable fish, and has been widely introduced to other countries. In this study, the mitochondrial gene sequence of gray black carp (M. piceus MT084757) in Foshan, Guangdong Province was first determined using the Sanger sequencing method. The mitochondrial DNA genome was 16,616 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a non-coding control region (D-loop). The overall nucleotide composition of the mitochondrial DNA is 32.04% A, 24.52% T, 15.68% C, 27.76% G, with 56.56% AT, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis suggests that the gray black carp (M. piceus MT 084757) is closely related to Elopichthys bambus and Squaliobarbus curriculus. The complete mitochondrial genome of the gray black carp (M. piceus MT 084757) would be useful for researching the causes of changes in body color.Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin. is an ornamental grass belonging to the genus Muhlenbergia Schreb. in the family Poaceae. To better understand its phylogenetic relationship with respect to the other species in the tribe Chloridoideae, the first complete chloroplast genome of Muhlenbergia was determined. The complete chloroplast genome of Muhlenbergia capillaris is 134,907 bp in length, consisting of one large single-copy (LSC) region of 80,175 bp, one small single-copy (SSC) region of 12,706 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 21,013 bp. The overall GC content of the genome is 38.1%. Further, maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis with TVM + F+R3 model was conducted using 28 complete plastomes of the Poaceae, which support close relationships among species of Muhlenbergia, Hilaria Kunth, Distichlis Raf., and Bouteloua Lag., followed by those of Tragus Haller.In this study, we first presented the complete chloroplast genome of Actinidia valvata by using Illumina Novaseq sequencing. Its complete chloroplast genome is 156,596 bp in length, containing a large single copy region of 88,477 bp and a small single copy region of 20,379 bp separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions of 23,870 bp. The chloroplast genome contains 112 unique genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast genome sequences of ten plants from the family Actinidiaceae showed that A. valvata is more closely related to A. polygama than other members.Caulacanthus okamurae is an invasive red alga that forms extensive mats in sheltered marine habitats around the world. To determine its genomic structure and genetic relationship to native and other non-native populations of C. okamurae, high-throughput sequencing analysis was performed on an introduced specimen from Bennett Slough, Moss Landing, California, USA. Assembly of 23,146,595 filtered 150 bp paired-end Illumina sequencing reads yielded its complete mitogenome (GenBank accession MT193839) and plastid genome (GenBank accession MT193838). see more The mitogenome is 25,995 bp in length and contains 50 genes. The plastid genome is 173,516 bp and contains 234 genes. Comparison of the organellar chromosomes to other Gigartinales revealed a high-level of gene synteny. BLAST analysis of marker sequences (rbcL, cox1, cox2) of C. okamurae from Moss Landing identified four identical DNA sequences one from a specimen from a native population of C. okamurae from South Korea and three from specimens representing invasive populations from France, Spain, and the USA. These genetic results confirm the presence of C. okamurae in central California, USA, and represent the first complete mitogenome and plastid genome from the Caulacanthaceae.Anemone flaccida has long-term been used in Chinese traditional medicine with the effects of anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial properties, and immune regulation. However, the genomic information of this species is limited, which hinders its further medicinal application. In the present study, the complete chloroplast genome of A. flaccida was sequenced and assembled. The genome size was 157,614 bp in length, consisting of a pair of inverted repeat regions (IR, 31,184 bp), a large single copy (LSC, 79,055 bp), and a small single copy (SSC, 16,191 bp). A total of 138 genes were annotated, including 90 protein-coding genes, 40 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The GC content of the genome was 37.74%. A phylogenetic analysis on the basis of the whole chloroplast genome sequences further suggested a close relationship between A. flaccida, A. narcissiflora, and A. trullifolia. Collectively, the A. flaccida chloroplast genome provided new genomic resources which will improve its research and application in the future.Hevea benthamiana is a SALB-resistant wild species of H. brasiliensis, the only source of mass production of high quality natural rubber. This study sequenced and analyzed the chloroplast genome of H. benthamiana. The chloroplast genome of H. benthamiana contains 161,124 bp and consists of 51,495 bp of A (31.96%), 52,022 bp of T (32.29%), 28,915 bp of G (17.95%), and 28,692 bp of C (17.81%). The ring-shaped genome includes four regions a large single-copy region (LSC, 89,110 bp), a small single copy (SSC, 18,376 bp) region, and two inverted repeat regions (IRs, 26,819 bp). A total of 134 genes were annotated, of which 86 encode proteins; four are pseudogenes; 36 are tRNA genes, and eight are rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that H. benthamiana is very closely related to H. Brasiliensis, this result indicates that H. benthamiana is highly valuable for the breeding of SALB-resistant varieties of rubber trees.
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