Notes

Referrals for physical rehabilitation for osteoarthritis during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective investigation.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although TBI leads to mechanical damage during initial impact, secondary damage also occurs as results from delayed neurochemical process and intracellular signaling pathways. Accumulated animal and human studies demonstrated that apoptotic mechanism contributes to overall pathology of TBI. Apoptotic cell death has been identified within contusional brain lesion at acute phase of TBI and in region remote from the site directly injured in days to weeks after trauma. TBI is also dynamic conditions that cause neuronal decline overtime and is likely due to neurodegenerative mechanisms years after trauma. Current studies have even suggested association of neuronal damage through apoptotic pathway with mild TBI, which contributes chronic persistent neurological symptoms and cognitive deficits. Thus, a better understanding of the acute and chronic consequences of apoptosis following TBI is required. The purpose of this review is to describe (1) neuronal apoptotic pathway following TBI, (2) contribution of apoptosis to acute and chronic phase of TBI, and (3) current treatment targeting on apoptotic pathway.Cypermethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, may cause several adverse effects including nephrotoxicity. Curcumin is a nutraceutical with many pharmacological effects including nephroprotective effects. But its effective clinical use is limited due to poor bioavailability, physicochemical instability, low bioactive absorption, quick metabolization, less penetration, and targeting efficacy. To resolve these issues, curcumin is incorporated in chitosan nanoparticles. The focus of the study was to prepare and characterize curcumin loaded chitosan nanoparticles and evaluate their nephroprotective activity in a cypermethrin induced renal toxicity. The curcumin loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by using solvent displacement method and characterized by particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, and FTIR. The prepared formulation was stable and lies within nanometer range (264.8 nm), and possessed high drug loading capacity (84.64%). Cypermethrin (24 mg/kg body weight) and Curcumin loaded chitosan nanoparticles (15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg body weight) were orally administered to 20 rabbits (4 groups) for 28 days. It was found that cypermethrin significantly increased the serum levels of creatinine, urea, and BUN and decreased glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase. Co-administration of curcumin loaded chitosan nanoparticles provided pronounced beneficial effects against cypermethrin-induced biochemical alterations and oxidative damage in the kidneys of rabbits. 30 mg/kg body weight of curcumin loaded chitosan nanoparticles have better nephroprotective effects as compared to 15 mg/kg body weight.Environmental lead (Pb) exposure can induce dysbacteriosis, impair oral health, and is associated with the development of dental caries. However, the mechanism is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of Pb toxicity on oral antimicrobial activity in children in an e-waste area. Results showed higher blood Pb levels in e-waste-exposed group children, accompanied by decreased saliva SAG (salivary agglutinin) concentrations, increased peripheral WBC (white blood cell) counts and monocyte counts, and elevated peripheral monocyte percentage. LnPb (natural logarithmic transformation of blood Pb level) was negatively correlated with saliva SAG concentration, while positively correlated with peripheral monocyte percentage. Saliva SAG concentration played a complete mediating role in the correlation of LnPb to peripheral monocyte percentage. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the relationship of environmental Pb exposure and oral antimicrobial activity in children, showing that environmental Pb exposure may weaken oral antimicrobial activity through reducing saliva SAG concentration, which may raise the risk of oral dysbacteriosis and ultimately pathogen infection.How environmental regulations are used to improve manufacturing capacity is crucial to the future development of China's manufacturing industry from a quality point of view. This paper adopts a dynamic spatial panel model to empirically analyze both the effects of different types of environmental regulation policies on capacity utilization in China's manufacturing industry and their mechanisms. The results show that China's manufacturing capacity utilization varies a great deal, with improvements in technical efficiency playing the main role, although with significant regional differences. Both command-and-control and market-incentive environmental regulation are conducive to improvements in manufacturing capacity utilization; market-incentive environmental regulation, however, plays the stronger role. The above mechanisms have certain differences though. Both types of environmental regulations are able to improve manufacturing capacity utilization by improving technical efficiency and equipment utilization but the command-and-control policy tool exerts a greater effect in improving technical efficiency while the market-incentive mechanism has a greater effect in improving equipment utilization.Pollution due to release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from thermal power plants is a major global issue as the same is highly toxic and carcinogenic. The current research aims to investigate the responses of a dietary plant Amaranthus cruentus towards PAH pollution. For the said purpose, the plant was collected from agricultural land in close vicinity to thermal power units and the effects of PAH pollution on its chlorophyll and various nutraceutical content was evaluated. Oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant defense enzymes status and PAH accumulation was quantified as well. Real-time evidence of cell death, depletion of nutraceutical resources, and stomata configuration was generated through various histochemical studies and SEM analysis. Results indicated significant decline of chlorophyll a to the extent of 77% when compared to control. Oxidative stress markers, namely, superoxide radical, H2O2, and hydroxyl radical in pollution exposed plants were 12.7, 2.2, and 2.4 times respectively higher over the control which eventually resulted in 35% more cell death for the pollution exposed group. Total phenolics and flavonoids showed a decline of 57.6% and 41.3% respectively in the group exposed to PAH pollution. Similar decreasing trend was also observed for ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, β-carotene, total proteins, and carbohydrate contents as well. PAH-induced stress also resulted in complete imbalance in the redox homeostasis of the plant which was evident from increase in super oxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase antioxidant enzymes by more than 2-fold when compared to control. PAH accumulation in sample group was 10-20 times more when compared to control. Proteomic analysis also indicated upregulation of some proteins related to stress situation. Results are evident of the fact that severe depletion of nutraceutical resources of dietary plants can take place if subjected to oxidative stress arising from PAH pollution.Fluorescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are nanomaterials which possess unique properties that show great potential in different applications. In this work, GQDs were synthesized using graphene oxide (GO) as precursor via thermal treatment at high temperature. The obtained GQDs were highly fluorescent and were suitable for the determination of heavy metal ions. X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, and UV visible spectroscopy confirm the formation of GQDs. TEM images show that formed GQDs have size ranging from 2 to 10 nm. Emission profile of aqueous GQDs was taken by exciting GQDs at different wavelength. The intensity of GQDs remains the same for 4-5 months. Furthermore, as prepared, GQDs were used for selective recognition of Fe3+, Pb+2, and Cr3+ from the bunch of different metal ions in aqueous media. Lower limit of detection obtained for Fe3+, Cr3+ and Pb2+ using GQDs were 50, 100 and 100 nM, respectively, which indicates that the GQDs can be utilized as a promising material for sensing of the heavy metal ions. Graphical abstract.In emergency medicine, blood pressure is often measured by an oscillometric device using an upper arm cuff. However, measurement accuracy of this technique in patients suffering from hypotensive shock has not been sufficiently evaluated. We designed a prospective observational study investigating the accuracy of an oscillometric device in hypotensive patients admitted to the resuscitation area of the emergency department. Patients admitted to the resuscitation area of a university hospital, who were equipped with an arterial catheter and found to be hypotensive (mean arterial pressure (MAP)  less then  60 mmHg) were eligible for the study. Blood pressure was measured simultaneously via upper arm cuff and invasively under routine clinical conditions. After data extraction, Bland-Altman analysis, correlation coefficient and percentage error of mean and systolic blood pressure pairs were performed. We analysed 75 simultaneously obtained blood pressure measurements of 30 patients in hypotension, 11 (37%) were female, median age was 76.5 years (IQR 63-82). Oscillometric MAP was markedly higher than invasive MAP with a mean of the differences of 13 ± 15 mmHg (oscillometric-invasive), 95% limits of agreement - 16 to 41 mmHg, percentage error was 76%. learn more In 64% of readings, values obtained by the upper arm cuff were not able to detect hypotension. Oscillometric blood pressure measurement is not able to reliably detect hypotension in emergency patients. Therefore, direct measurement of blood pressure should be established as soon as possible in patients suffering from shock.PURPOSE Unrecognized and untreated hyperthyroidism leads to serious clinical complications with adverse outcomes for patients and increasing costs for the health care system. Hence, adequate knowledge of the epidemiological features of such condition is desirable to plan effective interventions. The aim of our study was to estimate incidence and prevalence of hyperthyroidism in the mildly iodine-deficient Italian Region of Piedmont. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted using Administrative Health Databases of the Piedmont Region, Italy (2012-2018). Hyperthyroidism cases were defined as the subjects who had at least one of the following claims (i) hospital discharge records with hyperthyroidism diagnosis code; (ii) exemption from co-payment for hyperthyroidism; (iii) prescription of one of the following medications methimazole, propylthiouracil, or potassium perchlorate. RESULTS The overall prevalence was 756 per 100,000 inhabitants [95% CI 748-764], and the overall incidence was 81 per 100,000-person year [95% CI 80-82]. The prevalence and incidence increased with age and were two-fold higher among women than men. Women also showed two distinct peaks in incidence at the age of 30 and 50; after the age of 60, the trend became similar between sexes. With regard to the geographic distribution, an increasing gradient of incidence was observed from the northern to the south-western areas of the Region. CONCLUSION This is the first Italian study based on health databases to estimate the incidence and prevalence of hyperthyroidism in the general population. This approach can represent an inexpensive and simple method to monitor patterns of hyperthyroidism in iodine-deficient areas.
Here's my website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Trichostatin-A.html