Notes

Endoscopic vacuum remedy compared to stent treatments for esophageal anastomotic leaks (ESOLEAK): study standard protocol for any possible randomized phase Two demo.
After adjusting for age, income, spouse employment status, gastrointestinal or genitourinary disorder status, and perceived self-efficacy, Syrians were not at significantly greater odds of reporting higher levels of depression. Risk factors for higher depression levels included having an unemployed spouse, diagnosis of gastrointestinal or genitourinary disorder and low perceived self-efficacy.

Depression is frequently comorbid with chronic physical conditions and has a deleterious impact on health status. Mental health interventions and chronic disease management tailored to differences among local and displaced communities may reduce disease burden and disability.
Depression is frequently comorbid with chronic physical conditions and has a deleterious impact on health status. Mental health interventions and chronic disease management tailored to differences among local and displaced communities may reduce disease burden and disability.
As a result of the Syrian civil war, > 5 million Syrian citizens have fled to neighbouring countries, particularly Turkey, under refugee status.

To analyse the cost and justification for surgery of Syrian refugees treated in a secondary care hospital in Sanliurfa, Southeastern Turkey, close to the Syrian border.

We enrolled 1458 Syrian refugees who were operated upon between 2012 and 2015. The data were obtained through a retrospective search of the hospital information system. Patients were divided into traumatic and nontraumatic cases. Injured body regions, anaesthetic technique, duration of operation, length of hospital stay, sociodemographic features and treatment cost were recorded and analysed.

Length of the hospital stay was 7.66 (0.31) days for all 1458 patients. The most common operations were orthopaedic, urological and cranial surgery. The total healthcare costs while patients stayed in hospital was ~US$ 2 million, and cost per patient was US$ 1400.

The number of trauma operations performed has declined between 2012 and 2015. Health spending on refugees is an indicator of the economic burden on the country.
The number of trauma operations performed has declined between 2012 and 2015. Health spending on refugees is an indicator of the economic burden on the country.The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is the origin and host to an increasing number of forcibly displaced people, mainly due to conflicts and economic disparities. Overall, 66% of the world's refugees originate from EMR. The numbers of internally displaced persons (IDPs) have been growing steadily in the region during the past decades, rising to 19.5 million in 2020, 45% of the world's total. Some 11.7 million of these (including 5.7 million Palestinians) remain in the region while the rest have taken the risk of difficult journeys to countries outside of the region in search of asylum and better life. These populations are often at higher risk of poor health due to the conditions they live in and limited access to quality health care.Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy of rising incidence, especially in developed countries due to causes such as sedentary lifestyles, tobacco smoking and ultraprocessed high fat and high sugar diets, amongst others. It is in fact the 7th cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and, in the following years, it is expected to climb upwards to 2nd position, after lung cancer. This is because it may have an asymptomatic course, and when it becomes evident it is in advanced stages, accompanied by metastasis generally. For this reason, survival rates are so low and, even in the few successful cases there is a high possibility of recurrence. Identifying new molecular biomarkers is arising as a highly useful tool for pancreatic cancer clinical management, although much research and work remain to be done in this field. Thus, the present study aims to analyze a series of molecules (IRS-4, Rb1, Ki-67 y COX-2) as candidates for prognosis and survival by immunohistochemistry techniques. Additionally, a 60-month longitudinal surveillance program was conducted, associated with diverse clinical parameters. Kaplan-Meier curves estimating the time of survival according to tumoral expression of those molecules denoted a low cumulative survival rate. Importantly, we observed that high levels of IRS-4 were significantly associated with a bad prognosis of the disease, increasing 160 times the mortality risk. In this way, our research showed a relevant value of these biomarkers in pancreatic cancer patients' survival, opening a pathway for future research areas designed to inhibit these components.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now of global concern because of its rapid dissemination across the globe. It is unclear whether COVID-19 is as hazardous as previous coronavirus outbreaks, though there are many overlapping similarities between these viruses. An important similar feature includes the virus's pathogenicity in pediatric populations. Additionally, genetic factors are recognized as important contributors to infectious disease susceptibility. Further understanding of this area can help make sense of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the varying clinical spectrums of the disease. The available data suggests that COVID-19 most likely produces mild symptoms in a healthy pediatric population regardless of their age, and recovery appears to occur without serious sequelae in the vast majority. However, the available data regarding the detailed repercussions of COVID-19 in children is very limited. To date, only some theoretical issues could be responsible for the COVID-19 susceptibility in pediatric patients, including a more intact but mature immune system within the respiratory system, possible role of viral interference in pediatric populations that are more often infected with common respiratory viruses, possible role of gut-lung axis, and a respiratory system with different amounts of cellular receptors for COVID-19 virus. Moreover, there is little data available on the genetic risk factors for COVID-19, and future research should aim to cover this gap in knowledge. This chapter aims to summarize the recently published data on the impact of COVID-19 in the pediatric population and to systematically review the available evidence of genetic risk factors for COVID-19.
The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the main morphofunctional changes in the involvement of multiple organs in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, correlating anatomopathological findings with the clinical picture.

The present study selected articles through electronic search of indexed journals in the PubMed and SciVerse Scopus databases, from December 2019 to May 2020, using the keywords "autopsy," "pathogenicity," and "COVID-19." Two hundred nine articles were identified, and the full texts of 18 articles were reviewed, 5 of them being selected for this review.

The ACE2 receptor plays a role in introducing viral material into the cell, having high expression in type II alveoli. Histopathological analyzes of the lungs of patients with COVID-19 show that SARS-CoV-2 produces, in this organ, in addition to an inflammatory process, a diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), which can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Macroscopically, the lungs become heavier, firmer, and redder. Th to the clinical progression of the disease and that these alterations are not specific, which ratify, in addition to the anatomopathological examination, a need to use the association of clinical and epidemiological data for diagnostic confirmation.
Although respiratory symptoms predominate in the disease caused by the SARS-Cov-2, the new coronavirus, the related neurological implications increase with numbers of new infected, requiring new tools and sufficient medical apparatus to improve the patients' prognosis. The purpose of this publication is based on the need to clarify the pathophysiological process of COVID-19 from a neurological perspective. The present study aims to review and describe the main neurological aspects associated with SARS-CoV-2, in addition to presenting proposals for conducting and managing these issues.

The MEDLINE (through PubMed) and Scopus databases were used for systematic research on the correlation between COVID-19 and the nervous system. The reference period were publications between May 2005 and July 2020. The temporal delimitation was based on the objective of elucidating the pathophysiology of neurological involvement seen in the current pandemic. Thus, in 2005, we found articles that reported different etiologiesoke. Although the pathogenesis of neurological phenomena requires further studies, targeted management of the patient is feasible, considering agility in recognizing the infection. Therefore, medical precaution and clinical reasoning are emphasized when providing services to the patient.
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has recently and rapidly emerged and developed into a global pandemic. In SARS-CoV-2 patients with refractory respiratory failure, there may be a role for veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) as a life-saving rescue intervention.

This review summarizes the evidence gathered until June 12, 2020; electronic databases were screened for pertinent reports on coronavirus and V-V ECMO. Search was conducted by two independent investigators; keywords used were SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, ECMO, and extracorporeal life support (ECLS).

Many patients with COVID-19 experience moderate symptoms and a relatively quick recovery, but others must be admitted into the intensive care unit due to severe respiratory failure and often must be mechanically ventilated. Further deterioration may require institution of extracorporeal oxygenation. Infection mechanisms may trigger "cytokine storm," an inflammatory disorder notable for multi-oly the most severe cases of COVID-19.
The efficacy of ECMO treatment for COVID-19 is largely dependent on the expertise of the center in ECLS due to the interplay between the changes in hematological and inflammatory modulators associated with both COVID-19 and ECMO. Bemnifosbuvir SARS-CoV inhibitor In order to support gas exchange during early infection with SARS-CoV-2, ECMO has a strong rationale for the treatment of the most critically ill patients. Due to the limited resources during a global pandemic, ECMO should be reserved for only the most severe cases of COVID-19.
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been found to influence almost all sectors starting from socio-religious to educational and environmental levels. However, the systematically planned or unplanned implementation of sudden lockdown across the globe, including India, has pushed the migrant workers into huge troubles. Without savings and transport systems, food security and other problems pushed migrant workers to walk to home from working places covering over 1000 km. Walking under the hot sun with heavy luggage and child in the womb or arm has affected the lactating mothers or pregnant women the most. The objective of this review article was to analyse the problems faced especially by the women migrant workers in India in order to point out and to adapt future strategies for their protection.

All published relevant literature from scientific sources and reputed news channels are considered to write the current review.

Tremendous adverse effects of COVID-19 have been observed at social/cultural/religious/economic levels and other sectors of the society albeit its huge progressive but temporary effects are also observed on environment.
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