Notes

Progestin treatment throughout endometriosis.
8±5.2 kg·m
, and during the lockdown, it was 25.9±5.3 kg·m
(
=0.19,
=0.85). Restaurant usage fell to zero as all establishments were closed. There was a corresponding increase in the use of delivery services to 1.18±0.13 times per week, compared to 0.50±0.05 prior to lockdown (
=4.44,
<0.0001). No significant difference in the number of takeaway meals ordered was observed (0.67±0.06 before the lockdown and 0.74±0.12 times per week during the lockdown;
=0.52,
=0.60). There was no significant relationship between change in use of fast-food restaurants and full-service restaurants and the change in BMI, either alone or in combination (
=-0.012,
=0.62,

=0.11%).

Despite the large changes in behavior, there was no overall adverse effect of the lockdown with respect to obesity levels.

Lockdown in the United Kingdom modified restaurant use but had no effect on obesity levels.
Lockdown in the United Kingdom modified restaurant use but had no effect on obesity levels.
Behavioral obesity interventions using an acceptance-based therapy (ABT) approach have demonstrated efficacy for adults, yet feasibility and acceptability of tailoring an ABT intervention for adolescents remains unknown.

This study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of an ABT healthy lifestyle intervention among diverse adolescent cisgender girls with overweight/obesity (OW/OB).

Adolescent cisgender girls aged 14-19 with a BMI of ≥85th percentile-for-sex-and-age were recruited for participation in a single-arm feasibility study. The primary outcomes were recruitment and retention while the secondary outcome was change in BMI Z-score over the 6-month intervention. Exploratory outcomes included obesity-related factors, health-related behaviors, and psychological factors.

Recruitment goals were achieved; 13 adolescents (>60% racial/ethnic minorities) participated in the intervention, and 11 completed the intervention (85% retention). In completers (
=11), a mean decrease in BMI Z-score of -0.15 (
=0.34, Cohen's
=-0.44) was observed. Improvements were also noted for change in percentage of 95th percentile (
=-0.35), percent body fat (
=-0.35), quality of life (
=0.71), psychological flexibility (
=-0.86), and depression (
=-0.86).

These preliminary findings suggest an ABT healthy lifestyle intervention tailored for adolescent cisgender girls with OW/OB may be an acceptable treatment that could lead to improvements in BMI Z-score, obesity-related measures, and psychological outcomes.
These preliminary findings suggest an ABT healthy lifestyle intervention tailored for adolescent cisgender girls with OW/OB may be an acceptable treatment that could lead to improvements in BMI Z-score, obesity-related measures, and psychological outcomes.
Obesity is a chronic disease associated with many serious comorbidities. Pharmacologic therapies are approved for the treatment of obesity; however, short-term biomarkers to predict weight loss are not well understood. This study aimed to determine the ability of single-meal energy intake (EI) to predict weight loss in participants with obesity treated with liraglutide.

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, participants received subcutaneous liraglutide (titrated to 3.0 mg/day) or placebo once daily, with inpatient assessments at baseline and weeks 3 and 6. The primary endpoint was change from baseline (CFB) in EI during consecutive ad libitum lunch meals at weeks 3 and 6. Secondary endpoints included CFB in 24- and 48-h EI, weight, appetite scores, and gastric emptying measures.

Sixty-one participants were randomized (
=32, liraglutide;
=29, placebo). The least squares mean (LSM) difference (95% CI;
-value) in CFB in EI during ad libitum lunch meals between the liraglutide and placebo groups was -236 (-322, -149;
<0.0001) kcal at week 3 and -244 (-339, -148,
<0.0001) kcal at week 6. The liraglutide group experienced significant weight loss at weeks 3 and 6, compared with placebo. Weight loss was significantly correlated with EI, but not with appetite score or gastric emptying.

EI during a single meal is a robust clinical predictor of weight changes in participants with obesity. Future clinical trials can utilize EI at a single meal as a predictor of weight loss.
EI during a single meal is a robust clinical predictor of weight changes in participants with obesity. Future clinical trials can utilize EI at a single meal as a predictor of weight loss.
Models are needed to quantify the economic implications of obesity in relation to health outcomes and health-related quality of life. This report presents the structure of the Core Obesity Model (COM) and compare its predictions with the UK clinical practice data.

The COM is a Markov, closed-cohort model, which expands on earlier obesity models by including prediabetes as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), and sleep apnea and cancer as health outcomes. Selected outcomes predicted by the COM were compared with observed event rates from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink-Hospital Episode Statistics (CPRD-HES) study. The importance of baseline prediabetes prevalence, a factor not taken into account in previous economic models of obesity, was tested in a scenario analysis using data from the 2011 Health Survey of England.

Cardiovascular (CV) event rates predicted by the COM were well matched with those in the CPRD-HES study (7.8-8.5 per 1000 patient-years across BMI groups) in both base case and scenario analyses (8.0-9.4 and 8.6-9.9, respectively). Rates of T2D were underpredicted in the base case (1.0-7.6 vs. 2.1-22.7) but increased to match those observed in CPRD-HES for some BMI groups when a prospectively collected prediabetes prevalence was used (2.7-13.1). Mortality rates in the CPRD-HES were consistently higher than the COM predictions, especially in higher BMI groups.

The COM predicts the occurrence of CV events and T2D with a good degree of accuracy, particularly when prediabetes is included in the model, indicating the importance of considering this risk factor in economic models of obesity.
The COM predicts the occurrence of CV events and T2D with a good degree of accuracy, particularly when prediabetes is included in the model, indicating the importance of considering this risk factor in economic models of obesity.
Although there exist videos and images created by Obesity Canada and similar organizations (e.g., the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity), it is not known if the materials have the desired effect of reducing stigma against people with obesity and might have the opposite effect of increasing stigma. Therefore, two studies used implicit and explicit evaluations to examine the effectiveness of images and videos intended to reduce weight stigma.

Study 1 participants (
=284;

=31.47years [SD=11.26]; 177 self-identified as women; 83 self-identified as living with obesity) completed two implicit measures (one with images of people living with obesity and the other with control images) followed by a weight stigma questionnaire. Study 2 participants (
=308;

=31.54years [SD=11.35]; 153 self-identified as women; 59 self-identified as living with obesity) were randomly assigned to view an obesity and exercise video and images of persons with obesity, control video and images of persons with obesity, on with other messages because simply using the nonstigmatizing images is likely not enough.
With the rising number of outcomes being reported following gestational diabetes (GDM), the outcomes in existing studies vary widely making it challenging to compare and contrast the effectiveness of different interventions for GDM. check details The purpose of this study was to develop a core outcome and measurement set (COS) for GDM treatment trials.

A Delphi study with structured consultation with stakeholders and discussion within a specialist Gestational Metabolic Group (GEM) were combined with a comprehensive systematic search across different databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase). Several Delphi rounds over 2years were conducted culminating in this report.

The process resulted in a targeted set of outcomes constituting a "GEM treatment set" aligned with expert opinion. The final COS also included a measurement set for the 11 important clinical outcomes from three major domains maternal metabolic, fetal, and pregnancy related.

Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that future clinical trials on GDM report outcomes uniformly keeping to the recommended COS outcomes.
Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that future clinical trials on GDM report outcomes uniformly keeping to the recommended COS outcomes.Ocrelizumab is often used as an alternative therapy in natalizumab-treated MS patients at risk for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Our objective was to assess efficacy and safety of JC-virus positive patients switching (either directly or indirectly) from natalizumab to ocrelizumab. Forty-two patients were included from an observational cohort (median follow-up 21 months). No evidence of disease activity was found in 83% of direct switchers and 50% of indirect switchers. Two direct switchers were diagnosed with carry-over PML. Our data support a direct switch for adequate disease suppression, although carry-over PML illustrates the dilemma when choosing between a direct or indirect switch.
Shutdowns are enacted when alternative public health measures are insufficient to control the epidemic and the population is largely susceptible. An age-stratified agent-based model was developed to explore the impact of shutdowns to control SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Canada under the assumption that current efforts to control the epidemic remains insufficient and in the absence of a vaccine.

We estimated the current levels of interventions in Canada to generate a baseline scenario from 7 February to 7 September 2020. Four aspects of shutdowns were explored in scenarios that ran from 8 September 2020 to 7 January 2022, these included the impact of how quickly shutdowns are implemented, the duration of shutdowns, the minimum break (delays) between shutdowns and the types of sectors to shutdown. Comparisons among scenarios were made using cases, hospitalizations, deaths and shutdown days during the 700-day model runs.

We found a negative relationship between reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission and the numberffective, but less disruptive, public health measures.
Given the immense socioeconomic impact of shutdowns, they should be avoided where possible and used only when other public health measures are insufficient to control the epidemic. If used, the time it buys to delay the epidemic should be used to enhance other equally effective, but less disruptive, public health measures.
Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) was recently approved for patients on warfarin therapy with international normalized ratios (INRs) exceeding 2 in Japan. However, rapid normalization of INR is necessary even in patients who do not meet the aforementioned criteria. We previously found that a fixed PCC dose of 500IU is insufficient in some patients with INR elevation but is effective in patients with INR less than 2.5. On the basis of the results, we revised the protocol to administer a PCC dose of 500IU to patients with INR less than 2.5 or 1,000IU to patients with higher INRs. This study aimed to validate this revised protocol at an emergency department (ED) in Japan.

We retrospectively collected data for all patients who received PCC in accordance with the revised protocol at our ED between October 2014 and December 2017 (period B) and compared the findings with those in the previous period (January 2013 to September 2014, period A).

In total, 15 and 11 patients received PCC without complications during periods A and B, respectively.
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