Notes

Foliar breathing is about photosynthetic, expansion and carbs reaction to experimental drought and also improved temperature.
Although more variants were associated with waist and hip circumference adjusted for BMI compared to ABSI and HI, associations with height had previously been reported for many of the additional variants, illustrating the importance of adjusting correctly for height.Modern solid-state gas sensors approaching ppb-level limit of detection open new perspectives for process control, environmental monitoring and exhaled breath analysis. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are especially promising for gas sensing due to their outstanding sensitivities, low cost and small power consumption. However, they suffer of poor selectivity, requiring development of cross-selective arrays to distinguish analytes, and environmental instability, especially in humid air. Here we present the first fully integrated OFET-based electronic nose with the whole sensor array located on a single substrate. It features down to 30 ppb limit of detection provided by monolayer thick active layers and operates in air with up to 95% relative humidity. By means of principal component analysis, it is able to discriminate toxic air pollutants and monitor meat product freshness. The approach presented paves the way for developing affordable air sensing networks for the Internet of Things.Cerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs) are associated with cerebrovascular disease, cognitive impairment, and normal aging. One method to study CMHs is to analyze histological sections (5-40 μm) stained with Prussian blue. Currently, users manually and subjectively identify and quantify Prussian blue-stained regions of interest, which is prone to inter-individual variability and can lead to significant delays in data analysis. To improve this labor-intensive process, we developed and compared three digital pathology approaches to identify and quantify CMHs from Prussian blue-stained brain sections (1) ratiometric analysis of RGB pixel values, (2) phasor analysis of RGB images, and (3) deep learning using a mask region-based convolutional neural network. We applied these approaches to a preclinical mouse model of inflammation-induced CMHs. One-hundred CMHs were imaged using a 20 × objective and RGB color camera. To determine the ground truth, four users independently annotated Prussian blue-labeled CMHs. The deep learning and ratiometric approaches performed better than the phasor analysis approach compared to the ground truth. The deep learning approach had the most precision of the three methods. The ratiometric approach has the most versatility and maintained accuracy, albeit with less precision. Our data suggest that implementing these methods to analyze CMH images can drastically increase the processing speed while maintaining precision and accuracy.The importance of data quality to correctly determine prevalence estimates of child anthropometric failures has been a contentious issue among policymakers and researchers. Our research objective was to ascertain the impact of improved DHS data quality on the prevalence estimates of stunting, wasting, and underweight. The study also looks for the drivers of data quality. Using five data quality indicators based on age, sex, anthropometric measurements, and normality distribution, we arrive at two datasets of differential data quality and their estimates of anthropometric failures. For this purpose, we use the 2005-2006 and 2015-2016 NFHS data covering 311,182 observations from India. The prevalence estimates of stunting and underweight were virtually unchanged after the application of quality checks. The estimate of wasting had fallen 2 percentage points, indicating an overestimation of the true prevalence. However, this differential impact on the estimate of wasting was driven by the flagging procedure's sensitivity and was in accordance with empirical evidence from existing literature. We found DHS data quality to be of sufficiently high quality for the prevalence estimates of stunting and underweight, to not change significantly after further improving the data quality. The differential estimate of wasting is attributable to the sensitivity of the flagging procedure.Diagnosis of peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer (GC) is essential for determining appropriate therapeutic strategies and avoiding non-essential laparotomy or gastrectomy. Recently, a variety of activatable fluorescence probes that can detect enzyme activities have been developed for cancer imaging. The aim of this study was to identify the key enzyme involved in peritoneal metastasis in GC. The enzymatic activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, and β-galactosidase (β-Gal) was assessed in lysates prepared from preserved human GC (n = 89) and normal peritoneal (NP; n = 20) samples. β-Gal activity was significantly higher in the human GC samples than in NP samples, whereas no differences were observed in the activities of the other enzymes. Therefore, we used SPiDER-βGal, a fluorescent probe that can be activated by β-Gal, for imaging GC cell lines, peritoneal metastasis in a mouse model, and fresh human resected GC samples (n = 13). All cell lines showed fluorescence after applying SPiDER-βGal, and metastatic nodules in the mice gradually developed high fluorescence that could be visualized with SPiDER-βGal. The human GC samples showed significantly higher fluorescence than NP samples. β-Gal is a useful target enzyme for fluorescence imaging of peritoneal metastasis in GC.Differences in innate immune 'imprinting' between vaccine adjuvants may mediate dissimilar effects on the quantity/quality of persisting adaptive responses. We compared antibody avidity maturation, antibody/memory B cell/CD4+ T cell response durability, and recall responses to non-adjuvanted fractional-dose antigen administered 1-year post-immunization (Day [D]360), between hepatitis B vaccines containing Adjuvant System (AS)01B, AS01E, AS03, AS04, or Alum (NCT00805389). Both the antibody and B cell levels ranked similarly (AS01B/E/AS03 > AS04 > Alum) at peak response, at D360, and following their increases post-antigen recall (D390). Proportions of high-avidity antibodies increased post-dose 2 across all groups and persisted at D360, but avidity maturation appeared to be more strongly promoted by AS vs. learn more Alum. Post-antigen recall, frequencies of subjects with high-avidity antibodies increased only markedly in the AS groups. Among the AS, total antibody responses were lowest for AS04. However, proportions of high-avidity antibodies were similar between groups, suggesting that MPL in AS04 contributes to avidity maturation. Specific combinations of immunoenhancers in the AS, regardless of their individual nature, increase antibody persistence and avidity maturation.Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change.Anthracyclines are highly effective chemotherapeutic agents; however, their clinical utility is limited by severe anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (ACT). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered several genetic variants associated with ACT, but the impact of these findings requires further elucidation. We conducted a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) using our previous GWAS summary statistics (n = 280 patients) to identify gene expression-related associations with ACT. We identified a genetic association between decreased expression of GDF5 and ACT (Z-score = -4.30, P = 1.70 × 10-5), which was replicated in an independent cohort (n = 845 patients, P = 3.54 × 10-3). Additionally, cell viability of GDF5-silenced human cardiac myocytes was significantly decreased in response to anthracycline treatment. Subsequent gene set enrichment and pathway analyses of the TWAS data revealed that genes essential for survival, cardioprotection and response to anthracyclines, as well as genes involved in ribosomal, spliceosomal and cardiomyopathy pathways are important for the development of ACT.Bone is a highly responsive organ, which continuously adapts to the environment it is subjected to in order to withstand metabolic demands. These events are difficult to study in this particular tissue in vivo, due to its rigid, mineralised structure and inaccessibility of the cellular component located within. This manuscript presents the development of a micron-scale bone organoid prototype, a concept that can allow the study of bone processes at the cell-tissue interface. The model is constructed with a combination of primary female osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells, seeded onto femoral head micro-trabeculae, where they recapitulate relevant phenotypes and functions. Subsequently, constructs are inserted into a simulated microgravity bioreactor (NASA-Synthecon) to model a pathological state of reduced mechanical stimulation. In these constructs, we detected osteoclastic bone resorption sites, which were different in morphology in the simulated microgravity group compared to static controls. Once encapsulated in human fibrin and exposed to analogue microgravity for 5 days, masses of bone can be observed being lost from the initial structure, allowing to simulate the bone loss process further. Constructs can function as multicellular, organotypic units. Large osteocytic projections and tubular structures develop from the initial construct into the matrix at the millimetre scale. Micron-level fragments from the initial bone structure are detected travelling along these tubules and carried to sites distant from the native structure, where new matrix formation is initiated. We believe this model allows the study of fine-level physiological processes, which can shed light into pathological bone loss and imbalances in bone remodelling.Members of the chromodomain-helicase-DNA binding (CHD) protein family are chromatin remodelers implicated in human pathologies, with CHD6 being one of its least studied members. We discovered a de novo CHD6 missense mutation in a patient clinically presenting the rare Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS). We used genome editing to generate isogenic iPSC lines and model HSS in relevant cell types. By combining genomics with functional in vivo and in vitro assays, we show that CHD6 binds a cohort of autophagy and stress response genes across cell types. The HSS mutation affects CHD6 protein folding and impairs its ability to recruit co-remodelers in response to DNA damage or autophagy stimulation. This leads to accumulation of DNA damage burden and senescence-like phenotypes. We therefore uncovered a molecular mechanism explaining HSS onset via chromatin control of autophagic flux and genotoxic stress surveillance.
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