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Rice drinking straw boosting catalysis regarding Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase for synthesis involving citronellyl acetate.
The study investigated biomass yield and the uptake of P and aluminum by switchgrass grown in a low-P soil amended with alum-P sludge and a conventional fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate (MAP), at rates of 9.7, 19.4, 29.1 and 38.8 mg P kg-1 dry soil. Potted soil (amended and control) units were seeded with pre-germinated switchgrass and harvested three times at 50-day intervals. Over the three growth cycles, P from alum-P sludge gradually became available. Amendment rate showed no significant effect on switchgrass biomass yield. P availability was greater for alum-P sludge than MAP and this may have been enhanced by the properties and activities of the plant root system. Aluminum (Al) uptake by switchgrass increased with the number of cycles, but did not differ significantly among treatments. Cumulative Al uptake over the 3 cycles was greater for below-ground biomass than for above-ground biomass. Maximum P recovery efficiency of 28% was achieved at the 9.7 mg P kg soil-1 rate. These results demonstrate that alum-P sludge is an effective source of available P for cropping switchgrass in a high pH and low Olsen-P soil.Arsenic is a toxic metalloid that enters cells adventitiously via uptake systems for phosphate transporters, aquaglyceroporins (AQPs) or sugar permeases. However, transport of highly toxic methylarsenite (MAs(III)) and relatively nontoxic methylarsenate (MAs(V)) by bacterial AQPs has not been characterized. MAs(V) has a history of use as an herbicide. Here we used whole genome sequence analysis of AQPs in arsenic resistance (ars) operons. The aqp genes are frequently located next to MAs(III) resistance genes such as arsH, which suggests that they could be involved in MAs(III) uptake. Bacterial AQPs encoded by ars operons can be classified into two subgroups. One subgroup includes AqpS from the plant symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021. Our data suggests that AqpS has a substrate selectivity filter different from that of other bacterial AQPs. Both Escherichia coli GlpF and AqpS conduct MAs(III) efficiently, but GlpF conducts the MAs(V) anion poorly, so E. coli takes up MAs(V) inefficiently. In contrast, AqpS conducts MAs(V) under physiological conditions. A homology model of AqpS indicates that it has a substrate channel with a selectivity filter containing the nonpolar residue Val177 instead of the charged arginine residue found in other AQPs. While the selectivity filter in most AQPs prevents movement of anions, Val177 is predicted to allow movement of the MAs(V) anion through the channel. (R,S)-3,5-DHPG We propose that AqpS is a component of an MAs(III) resistance pathway in which MAs(III) enters cells of S. meliloti via AqpS, is oxidized by ArsH to MAs(V), which exits the cells via AqpS.The synthesis of acrylamide bonded sodium alginate (AM-SA) hydrogel and acrylamide/graphene oxide bonded sodium alginate (AM-GO-SA) nanocomposite hydrogel was successfully performed using the free radical method. The AM-SA and AM-GO-SA hydrogels were applied as composited adsorbents in crystal violet (CV) dye removal. The adsorption process experiments were performed discontinuously and the acquired data showed that the efficiency is more dependent on pH than other factors. The C-O, CO, and CC groups were detected in the produced hydrogels. The amount of surface area was computed to be 44.689 m2/g, 0.0392 m2/g, and 6.983 m2/g for GO, AM-SA, and AM-GO-SA nanocomposite hydrogel, respectively. The results showed that the experimental data follow the Redlich-Peterson isotherm model. Also, the maximum adsorption capacity of monolayer for CV dye adsorption was determined using AM-SA hydrogel and AM-GO-SA nanocomposite hydrogel 62.07 mg/g and 100.30 mg/g, respectively. In addition, the parameters RL, n, and E showed that the processes of adsorption of CV dye using both types of adsorbents are physical and desirable. Thermodynamically, the CV elimination was exothermic and spontaneous. Besides, thermodynamic results showed that the adsorption process is better proceeding at low temperatures. The experimental data followed a pseudo- second- order (PSO) kinetic model. Also, the Elovich model showed that AM-GO-SA nanocomposite hydrogel has more ability to absorb CV dye. Therefore, according to the obtained results, it can be stated that the produced hydrogels are efficient and viable composited adsorbent in removing CV dye from aqueous solution.Drilling cuttings contain dangerous elements to human life and other organisms. Different criteria are effective in increasing or decreasing the transmission of this pollution to the environment. By studying and reviewing the scientific sources, these criteria were identified and the type of causal relationships between these criteria was determined using the Fuzzy DEMATEL1 technique. Finally, the appropriate location of the landfill was determined by recognizing these criteria and their internal relationships. The results of this study showed that Slope criterion has the highest degree of effect and Distance from airport criterion has the lowest degree of effect. Distance from city centres criterion has the highest and Distance from airport criterion has the least degree of importance in choosing the appropriate location for drilling cuttings. Distance from city centres criterion has the highest and Geology criterion has the least net effect on selecting the appropriate location of drilling cuttings. Considering the effective criteria on the selection of drilling waste disposal site, the proposed landfills were introduced in 5 different classes from very good to very poor. Accordingly, part of the land located in the southern regions of Khark Island and the central regions of Lavan Island is desirable for the burial of drilling wastes. These areas are suitable due to their distance from urban centres, distance from the road, distance from the river, distance from the airport and other waste disposal factors.In this work, a novel carbon-based hydrotalcite-like compounds materials (LDO-SBCs) were prepared by coupling layered double hydroxides (LDHs) conditioning and pyrolytic carbonization, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunner-Emmet-Teller (BET) measurements. link2 The synthesized LDO-SBCs composites were used in wastewater treatment for simultaneous removal of phosphate and dissolved organic matter (DOM). The adsorption of DOM and phosphate were well conformed to pseudo-second-order mode. Adsorption equilibrium was better fitted by Langmuir model for phosphate, while Freundlich model for DOM. Compared with the raw sludge carbon, the removal efficiency of DOM and phosphate by LDO-SBCs were increased by 8% and 13%, respectively. Based on the fluorescence spectrum and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), LDO-SBCs performed well in promoting the removal of protein substances (TPN and APN). Pore filling, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic adsorption and surface complexation might be dominant in the adsorption of DOM, while, surface complexation and ion exchange between the LDO layers were mainly responsible for the adsorption of phosphate. The difference of adsorption capacity of LDO-SBCs was related to the superior channel structure of composite materials and the composition of interlayer anions of LDO.Since multilayered MXenes (Ti3C2Tx, a new family of two-dimensional materials) were initially introduced by researchers at Drexel University in 2011, various MXene-based nanocomposites have received increased attention as photocatalysts owing to their exceptional properties (e.g., rich surface chemistry, adjustable bandgap structures, high electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, thermal stability, and large specific surface area). Therefore, we present a comprehensive review of recent studies on fabrication methods for MXene-based photocatalysts and photocatalytic performance for contaminant degradation, CO2 reduction, H2 evolution, and N2 fixation with various MXene-based nanocomposites. In addition, this review briefly discusses the stability of MXene-based nanophotocatalysts, current limitations, and future research needs, along with the various corresponding challenges, in an effort to reveal the unique properties of MXene-based nanocomposites.Pesticides are chemical compounds used to kill pests and weeds. Due to their nature, pesticides are potentially toxic to many organisms, including humans. Among the various methods used to decontaminate pesticides from the environment, the heterogeneous photocatalytic process is one of the most effective approaches. This study focuses on artificial intelligence (AI) techniques used to generate optimum predictive models for pesticide decontamination processes using heterogeneous photocatalytic processes. In the present study, 537 valid cases from 45 articles from January 2000 to April 2020 were filtered based on their content collected and analyzed. Based on cross-industry standard process (CRISP) methodology, a set of four classifiers were applied Decision Trees (DT), Bayesian Network (BN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Feed Forward Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks (MLP). To compare the accuracy of the selected algorithms, accuracy, and sensitivity criteria were applied. After the final analysis, the DT classification algorithm with seven factors of prediction, the accuracy of 91.06%, and sensitivity of 80.32% was selected as the optimal predictor model.Triclosan (TCS) is a highly effective antibacterial agent, which is widely distributed in wastewater and sludge. The application of sludge containing high concentration TCS in agriculture will cause physiological damage to plants. Nevertheless, little is known about the physiological and molecular mechanism of TCS to plants. So firstly the physiological and biochemical indexes of tobacco with treatment of different concentrations of TCS were evaluated in this study. link3 The results showed that tobacco plants with TCS treatment exhibited lower germination rate, root development, photosynthesis efficiency, and higher ROS accumulation in comparison with control group. The transcriptome analysis of tobacco plants was then performed to reveal the molecular mechanism in the response of tobacco to TCS. There were 3, 819 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between groups with or without TCS treatment. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis demonstrated that these DEGs were mainly enriched in groups of the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. To further investigate the role of plant hormone, transgenic tobacco overexpressing a homologous of salicylic acid (SA) binding protein gene was used to assess the SA-mediate TCS tolerance in plant. The results showed that transgenic plants exhibited enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes and stronger TCS resistance than wild-type ones, which verify the important role of SA signal pathway in TCS response of tobacco plants. This study could be used to better understand the key roles of plant hormones in the TCS stress response of higher plants, and find key pathways and candidate genes for phytoremediation.The magnesium-zinc ferrites Mg1-xZnxFe2O4 (x = 0…1) were studied as magnetic sorbents for environmental applications. Low-temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy was used to determine the distribution of magnesium and ferric ions in the spinel crystal lattice. The influence of Zn content on magnetic parameters was investigated on the basis of VSM data. As the molar ratio of zinc to magnesium increases from 0 to 1, the pHPZC value decreases from 10.5 to 8.9. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to check whether single-layer or multi-layer adsorption occurs. The adsorption of Cr(VI) and Ni(II) ions is well fitted by the Langmuir equation. To check the physical or chemical nature of the sorption process, the Dubinin-Radushkevich equation was used. It was found that the processes of adsorption of Cr(VI) and Ni(II) ions are of a chemical nature. The best Cr(VI) ion adsorption capacity was found for the Mg0·2Zn0·8Fe2O4 sample (qe = 30.49 mg/g). The percentage of heavy metal removal by the mixed ferrite samples increases with increasing zinc content.
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