Notes

The expectation-maximization formula with regard to positron engine performance particle monitoring.
T2DM comorbidities and mortality rates still make it a serious, common, costly, and long-term manageable disease. Recently, experimental models, preclinical observations, and clinical studies have provided some insights and preliminary promising results using umbilical cord MSCs to treat and manage diabetes. This review focuses on the latest research and applications of human-derived umbilical cord MSC in the treatment and management of T2DM, exploring and systematizing the key effects of both umbilical cord MSC and its factor-rich secretome accordingly with the major complications associated to T2DM.
To examine differences between genders in exposure to psychosocial and ergonomic factors at work and in work-related health, according to different work organization models.

The study population included a sample of 9749 (women 37.1%) and 10,374 (women 39.9%) employees who participated in the 2010 and 2015 European Working Conditions Surveys, respectively. Multiple Correspondence Analysis was applied to work characteristics reported by workers to estimate principal components, followed by Hierarchical Clustering on principal components to identify clusters of work organization models. Gender differences in exposure to work hazards and health outcomes were assessed through Poisson robust regression. Differences of PRs across organizational models were tested through interaction between gender and type of work organization.

Three organizational models were identified in 2010, including lean production, Tayloristic production, and a "reflexive production" model, whereas in 2015, a "simple" or traditional model was also found. In 2010, women employed in companies adopting the Tayloristic or the lean production models were more likely than men to be exposed to unfavourable psychosocial and physical work factors, and to report musculoskeletal pain, compared to those belonging to reflexive production. In 2015, a significantly higher female/male ratio persisted in lean production for exposure to high job strain and for carrying/moving heavy loads, whereas gender differences in Tayloristic and traditional production were quite similar to those of reflexive production.

Our results suggest that employment in workplaces characterized by lower monotony, repetitiveness, and production constraints may contribute to reduce exposure to job strain among working women.
Our results suggest that employment in workplaces characterized by lower monotony, repetitiveness, and production constraints may contribute to reduce exposure to job strain among working women.
The rate of all-cause mortality is twofold higher in type 2 diabetes than in the general population. Being able to identify patients with the highest risk from the very beginning of the disease would help tackle this burden.

We tested whether ENFORCE, an established prediction model of all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes, performs well also in two independent samples of patients with early-stage disease prospectively followed up.

ENFORCE's survival C-statistic was 0.81 (95%CI 0.72-0.89) and 0.78 (95%CI 0.68-0.87) in both samples. Calibration was also good. Very similar results were obtained with RECODe, an alternative prediction model of all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes.

In conclusion, our data show that two well-established prediction models of all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes can also be successfully applied in the early stage of the disease, thus becoming powerful tools for educated and timely prevention strategies for high-risk patients.
In conclusion, our data show that two well-established prediction models of all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes can also be successfully applied in the early stage of the disease, thus becoming powerful tools for educated and timely prevention strategies for high-risk patients.
Severe upper limb injuries can result in devastating consequences to functional and psychological well-being. Primary objectives of this review were to evaluate indications for amputation versus limb salvage in upper limb major trauma and whether any existing scoring systems can aid in decision-making. Secondary objectives were to assess the functional and psychological outcomes from amputation versus limb salvage.

A systematic review was carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A search strategy was conducted on the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. Quality was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO.

A total of 15 studies met inclusion criteria, encompassing 6113 patients. 141 underwent primary amputation and 5972 limb salvage. General indications for amputation included at least two of the following uncontrollable haemodynamic instability; extensive and concurrent soft tissue, bone, vascular and/or nerve injuries; prolonged limb ischaemia; and systems which may aid in decision-making and provide further information on the outcomes from the two treatment options.
Approximately 75% of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) are diagnosed as idiopathic. Despite this, the presence of an underlying cause such as an anatomical variant or a systemic disease must always be suspected, especially in cases of bilateral presentation without an obvious cause, recurrence or complications. The anatomical variant known as the bifid median nerve (BMN) is a very rare abnormality that can occasionally lead to CTS. On the other hands, transthyretin-associated amyloidosis (ATTR) is one of the possible causes of bilateral CTS. We report a case where these two very rare pathologies converge as the cause of bilateral CTS and a review of the literature.

We report a 71-year-old male with prior history of lumbar canal stenosis, bilateral trigger finger, rupture of the supraspinatus muscle tendon and of the long portion of the right biceps brachial. He also had 8-year-old bilateral CTS that recurred after CTS surgery. He was surgically re-intervened and was diagnosed incidentally with BMN and an ultrasound of the other hands also showed BMN. Because of all the prior musculoskeletal history, a biopsy of the transverse carpal ligament was taken showing ATTR deposits that led to the diagnosis of cardiac ATTR wild type.

This case highlights the natural history of the multiple musculoskeletal manifestations related to ATTR and the importance of performing intraoperative biopsies in patients with CTS surgery as this can lead to early diagnosis of cardiac ATTR.
This case highlights the natural history of the multiple musculoskeletal manifestations related to ATTR and the importance of performing intraoperative biopsies in patients with CTS surgery as this can lead to early diagnosis of cardiac ATTR.
Denosumab has been approved by Food and Drug Authority in 2013 for use in surgically unresectable Giant cell tumor (GCT) to achieve resectable tumor margins. The aim of this study is to investigate the functional outcome and surgical convenience with the use of neoadjuvant denosumab before resection and reconstruction in Campanacci grade III GCT.

We retrospectively reviewed 70 cases of Campanacci grade III GCT receiving resection and reconstruction between January 2014 and December 2019. They were stratified into two groups one group of 29 patients received once-weekly denosumab 120mg for 4-weeks before resection and reconstruction, while the other group of 41 patients did not receive denosumab before resection and reconstruction. Quality of life by musculoskeletal tumor society score where 0-7 means poor, 8-14 means fair, 15-22 means good; above 22 means excellent, incidence of tumor recurrence, intraoperative duration in minutes and postoperative positive margins were assessed for each cohort after 12moare the key surgical convenience offered by neoadjuvant denosumab.
Instability remains one of the most frequent complications requiring revision surgery after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). Elevated liners are often utilized to reduce the risk of dislocation; however, the literature is inconclusive, with no systematic reviews summarizing the data. Thus, this systematic review aimed to establish a consensus for the efficacy of elevated liners in primary THA by determining rates of overall revision and revision specifically for recurrent dislocation.

This study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Eligible randomized-controlled trials and observational studies reporting on the use of elevated liners in primary total hip arthroplasty were identified through May 2020. A random effects model meta-analysis was conducted, and the I
statistic was used to assess for heterogeneity.

Eight studies met inclusion criteria, and overall, 26,507 patients undergoing primary THA with use of an elevated liner were included. see more In aggregate, the most common cause of revision was recurrent hip dislocation (1.3%, N = 82/6,267) followed by joint infection (1.2%, N = 45/3,772) and acetabular loosening (0.3%, N = 10/3,772). Notably, elevated liners were associated with a lower risk of revision for recurrent dislocation compared to neutral liners (HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.55-1.00; p = 0.048).

This review found that after primary THA with the use of elevated liners, hip dislocation and prosthetic joint infection continued to be the most frequent reasons for revision surgery. However, elevated liners had a lower risk of revision for recurrent dislocation compared to neutral liners.
This review found that after primary THA with the use of elevated liners, hip dislocation and prosthetic joint infection continued to be the most frequent reasons for revision surgery. However, elevated liners had a lower risk of revision for recurrent dislocation compared to neutral liners.
To report the early experience of a modified technique of robot-assisted artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation in female, with a posterior approach to the bladder neck and intraoperative real-time cystoscopic monitoring.

Retrospective monocentric study included all consecutive female who underwent a primary robot-assisted AUS implantation between 2017 and 2019. Real-time intraoperative cystoscopic monitoring was carried out to check the correct level of the dissection and to avoid any injury during bladder neck dissection. Perioperative and intraoperative data, functional outcomes and complications were assessed. Continence was defined as 0 to 1 pad per day.

Twenty-four patients were included, the median age was 66years, 23/24 (96%) had previous SUI or prolapse surgery. Two conversions to open surgery and 2 modifications of the surgical technique with anterior dissection of the bladder neck were required due to major vesicovaginal adhesions. Overall, 20 patients underwent the robotic posterior approach. Eleven intraoperative complications in 10 patients (50%) occurred, including 7 bladder injuries 4 vaginal injuries, without the need to stop the procedure. The median hospital stay was 3days (2-7). One AUS was removed at 1year due to vaginal erosion. At last follow-up (median 26months (22-36)), 95% of the devices were in place and activated and the continence rate was 84%.

Early functional results of robot-assisted AUS implantation with a posterior approach to the bladder neck and intraoperative cystoscopic monitoring are promising despite the high rate of intraoperative complications due to previous surgeries. Further evaluation of this technique is required.
Early functional results of robot-assisted AUS implantation with a posterior approach to the bladder neck and intraoperative cystoscopic monitoring are promising despite the high rate of intraoperative complications due to previous surgeries. Further evaluation of this technique is required.
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