Notes

Pancreatic polypeptide: an assessment their participation within neuro-endocrine reflexes, islet-acinar connections and ethanol-evoked physiopatologic pancreatic sweat gland changes.
During rapidly evolving outbreaks, health services and essential medical care are interrupted as facilities have become overwhelmed responding to COVID-19. In the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), more than half of countries are affected by emergencies, hospitals face complex challenges as they respond to humanitarian crises, maintain essential services, and fight the pandemic. While hospitals in the EMR have adapted to combat COVID-19, evidence-based and context-specific recommendations are needed to guide policymakers and hospital managers on best practices to strengthen hospitals' readiness, limit the impact of the pandemic, and create lasting hospital sector improvements towards recovery and resilience.

Guided by the WHO/EMR's "Hospital readiness checklist for COVID-19", this study presents the experiences of EMR hospitals in combatting COVID-19 across the 22 EMR countries, including their challenges and interventions across the checklist domains, to inform improvements to pandemic preparedness, res Preparedness, Leadership, Operational support, logistics, supply management, Communications and Information, Human Resources, Continuity of Essential Services and Surge Capacity, Rapid Identification and Diagnosis, Isolation and Case Management, and Infection, Prevention and Control.

Hospitals are the backbone of COVID-19 response, and their resilience is essential for achieving universal health coverage. Multi-pronged (across each of the hospitals readiness domains) and multi-level policies are required to strengthen hospitals resilience and prepare health systems for future outbreaks and shocks.
Hospitals are the backbone of COVID-19 response, and their resilience is essential for achieving universal health coverage. Multi-pronged (across each of the hospitals readiness domains) and multi-level policies are required to strengthen hospitals resilience and prepare health systems for future outbreaks and shocks.Salvia officinalis is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants in terms of nutritional and medicinal value because it contains a variety of vital active ingredients. Terpenoid compounds, particularly monoterpenes (C10) and sesquiterpenes, are the most important and abundant among these active substances (C15). Terpenes play a variety of roles and have beneficial biological properties in plants. With these considerations, the current study sought to clone theNAD+-dependent farnesol dehydrogenase (SoFLDH, EC 1.1.1.354) gene from S. officinalis. Functional analysis revealed that, SoFLDH has an open reading frame of 2,580 base pairs that encodes 860 amino acids.SoFLDH has two conserved domains and four types of highly conserved motifs YxxxK, RXR, RR (X8) W, TGxxGhaG. However, SoFLDH was cloned from Salvia officinalis leaves and functionally overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate its role in sesquiterpenoid synthases. In comparison to the transgenic plants, the wild-type plants showed a slight delay in growth and flowering formation. To this end, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that SoFLDH transgenic plants were responsible for numerous forms of terpene synthesis, particularly sesquiterpene. These results provide a base for further investigation on SoFLDH gene role and elucidating the regulatory mechanisms for sesquiterpene synthesis in S. Selleck AU-15330 offcinalis. And our study paves the way for the future metabolic engineering of the biosynthesis of useful terpene compounds in S. offcinalis.The preset neurodegenerations in Alzheimer disease (AD) are due to several mechanisms such as amyloidogenic proteolysis, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurofibrillary tangles, cholinergic dysfunction, among others. The aim of this work was to develop multitarget molecules for the treatment of AD. Therefore, a family of 64 molecules was designed based on ligand structure pharmacophores able to inhibit the activity of beta secretase (BACE1) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as well as to avoid amyloid beta (Aβ1-42) oligomerization. The backbone of designed molecules consisted of a trisubstituted aromatic ring, one of the substituents was a heterocyclic amine (piperidine, morpholine, pyrrolidine or N-methyl pyrrolidine) separated from the aromatic system by three carbon atoms. The set of compounds was screened in silico employing molecular docking calculations and chemoinformatic analyses. Based on Gibbs free energy of binding, binding mode and in silico predicted toxicity results, three of the best candidates were selected, synthesized, and evaluated in vitro; F3S4-m, F2S4-m, and F2S4-p. All three compounds prevented Aβ1-42 aggregation (F3S4-m in 30.5%, F2S4-p in 42.1%, and F2S4-m in 60.9%). Additionally, inhibitory activity against AChE (ki 0.40 μM and 0.19 μM) and BACE1 (IC50 15.97 μM and 8.38 μM) was also observed for compounds F2S4-m and F3S4-m, respectively. Despite the BACE IC50 results demonstrated that all compounds are very less potent respect to peptidomimetic inhibitor (PI-IV IC50 3.20 nM), we can still say that F3S4-m is capable to inhibit AChE and BACE1.Self-report measures are frequently used to assess change in physical activity (PA) levels. Given the limited data from adolescent populations, the primary objective of this study was to examine the responsiveness of a single item measure (SIM) of PA for adolescents to detect change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) using accelerometer data as the reference measure. A secondary objective was to provide further data on the validity of the measure at one point in time. The validity of the SIM to determine the number of days ≥60 minutes of MVPA was based on data from 200 participants (62% female; age 14.0 ± 1.6 years) and analysis of change was based on data from 177 participants (65% female; age 14.0 ± 1.6 years). Validity of change in days ≥60 minutes of MVPA was examined through agreement in classification of change between the SIM and accelerometry as the reference measurement and Spearman's correlation. Cohen's d and standardised response means were used to assess the responsiveness to change of the measure. The responsiveness of the SIM and accelerometer data were comparable and modest (0.27-0.38). The correlation for change in number of days ≥60 minutes MVPA between the SIM and accelerometery was low (r = 0.11) and the accuracy of the SIM for detecting change, using accelerometry as the reference, was only marginally above chance (53%). Therefore, the adolescent version of the SIM is adequate for assessing PA at a single time point but not recommended for assessing change.As social issues like climate change become increasingly salient, digital traces left by scholarly documents can be used to assess their reach outside of academia. Our research examine who shared climate change research papers on Twitter by looking at the expressions used in profile descriptions. We categorized users in eight categories (academia, communication, political, professional, personal, organization, bots and publishers) associated to specific expressions. Results indicate how diverse publics may be represented in the communication of scholarly documents on Twitter. Supplementing our word detection analysis with qualitative assessments of the results, we highlight how the presence of unique or multiple categorizations in textual Twitter descriptions provides evidence of the publics of research in specific contexts. Our results show a more substantial communication by academics and organizations for papers published in 2016, whereas the general public comparatively participated more in 2015. Overall, there is significant participation of publics outside of academia in the communication of climate change research articles on Twitter, although the extent to which these publics participate varies between individual papers. This means that papers circulate in specific communities which need to be assessed to understand the reach of research on social media. Furthermore, the flexibility of our method provide means for research assessment that consider the contextuality and plurality of publics involved on Twitter.In spite of continuous development of gene therapy vectors with thousands of drug candidates in clinical drug trials there are only a small number approved on the market today stressing the need to have characterization methods to assist in the validation of the drug development process. The level of packaging of the vector capsids appears to play a critical role in immunogenicity, hence an objective quantitative method assessing the content of particles containing a genome is an essential quality measurement. As transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allows direct visualization of the particles present in a specimen, it naturally seems as the most intuitive method of choice for characterizing recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) particle packaging. Negative stain TEM (nsTEM) is an established characterization method for analysing the packaging of viral vectors. It has however shown limitations in terms of reliability. To overcome this drawback, we propose an analytical method based on CryoTEM that unambiguously and robustly determines the percentage of filled particles in an rAAV sample. In addition, we show that at a fixed number of vector particles the portion of filled particles correlates well with the potency of the drug. The method has been validated according to the ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines and the components investigated during the validation are presented in this study. The reliability of nsTEM as a method for the assessment of filled particles is also investigated along with a discussion about the origin of the observed variability of this method.
The early period of a child's life is considered to be the most important developmental stage throughout the lifespan. Around 250 million children of age below five years in low-and middle- income countries (LMICs) are at risk of not attaining their developmental potential. A cross-sectional case study was conducted to assess the early childhood developmental (ECD) status and to investigate the factors influencing the same in Malda, India.

Information on 731 pre-school children aged 36 to 59 months was collected in 2018 using a structured questionnaire following a multi-stage, stratified simple random sampling procedure. ECD was measured following the UNICEF's Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, which monitors early child development in LMICs. A path analysis using structural equation modelling was carried out to examine the relationship between possible associated factors and ECD status.

It has been found that only about 25% of children are developmentally on track of literacy-numeracy domain of ECD. Alfrom policymakers or other stakeholders is needed to promote ECD for the betterment of children and society of Malda district. In addition to that, special attention needs to be given to the children who belong to Muslim families, socially deprived communities and living in rural areas.Genome editing using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has greatly facilitated the genetic analysis of fungal pathogens. The head blight fungus, Fusarium graminearum, causes destructive losses of economically important cereal crops. The recent development of the CRISPR-Cas9 system for use with F. graminearum has enabled more efficient genome editing. In this study, we described a CRISPR-Cas9-based genome-editing tool for the direct delivery of preassembled Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) into the protoplasts of F. graminearum. The use of RNPs significantly increased both the number of transformants and percentage of transformants in which the target gene was successfully replaced with a selectable marker. We showed that a single double-strand DNA break mediated by the Cas9 ribonucleoprotein was sufficient for gene deletion. In addition, short-homology recombination required only 50 base pair regions flanking the target gene. The high efficiency of Cas9 RNPs enables large-scale functional analysis, the identification of essential genes, and gene deletion that is difficult with conventional methods.
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