Notes

Metalens Eyepiece pertaining to Animations Holographic Near-Eye Show.
2 and CR = 5.7 × 10-5) and children (HI = 9.9 and CR = 1.1 × 10-4) all occurred in 2020. However, these reduced health risks were still not within the safe level (except for the carcinogenic risk for adults), a fact that requires continued attention. This result exposed the deficiency of current countermeasures regarding the IMO's fuel sulfur content limit in Kitakyushu City, and increasing the proportion of ships using clean fuels (liquefied natural gas, methanol, etc.) would surely alleviate the particle pollution caused by ship emissions.Climate change is a major threat impacting insects globally, yet the impact on tropical insects is largely unknown. Here, I assessed the climatic vulnerability of Bangladeshi butterflies (242 species). About 42 % of species could experience range contraction, and the impact could be significantly more severe among threatened species. Depending on Socio-Economic Pathways (ssps), the future climatic condition could be unsuitable for 2 (ssp126) - 34 % (ssp585) species. The mean elevation of the suitable habitat could increase by 238 %, and the situation could be more severe for the threatened butterflies. Further, 54 % of the realised niche of butterflies could be altered. Although there might be no significant association between the shift in habitat suitability along the elevational gradient, migratory species could experience a more significant shift than non-migrants. Overall, climate change could have a severe impact on Bangladeshi butterflies. To mitigate insect decline globally and meet the Post 2020 Biodiversity Framework targets, immediate detection of climate change impact on tropical insects and developing effective conservation strategies is essential.Ecosystem services (ES) are the benefits natural ecosystems provide to society, such as food provisioning, water supply, climate regulation and recreational benefits. Biological invasions are a major driver of global change, and several non-indigenous species (NIS) may alter key ecological feedbacks with ultimate consequences to ES, livelihoods and human wellbeing. Nonetheless, the effects of NIS on ES supply remain largely unquantified. Here we present the first quantitative case study assessing the impacts of widespread NIS on ES in the Baltic Sea, by developing and employing a robust and repeatable data-driven approach. All NIS with a sufficient knowledge base pose large and highly significant effects on ES, resulting on average 55 % change in the intensity of ES. Most impacts affected regulation services, concerning both abiotic and biotic realms, with little evidence on cultural and provisioning services. CongoRed The methodology can be easily employed beyond the current study realm e.g. to better understand the roles of human pressures on ES in any ecosystem. Importantly, the study also identified major biases not only in the availability of taxonomic and sub-regional evidence, but also in the different study types employed to create the evidence base.A fluorescent biosensor strategy was developed in combination with immunomagnetic separation for rapid and sensitive detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified with aptamer of SEB could capture the SEB. Then the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) fluorescent probe was added and a "sandwich structure" was formed between AuNPs, SEB and MNPs. The MNPs-SEB-AuNPs structure could be separated with an additional magnetic field, which resulted the lower signals of AuNPs fluorescent probe. In optimal conditions, the current method displayed a broad quantitative range from 100 to 107 fg/mL and the limit of detection was 3.43 fg/mL. The recovery of SEB-spiked milk samples ranged from 92.00 to 119.00 %, which revealed that the developed method had great accuracy. Furthermore, the method was fast and economical for ultrasensitive detection. Therefore, the fluorescent biosensor based on MNPs-AuNPs is promising for the detection of other environmental and food pollutants.In China, natural gas (NG) is the main vehicle fuel after gasoline and diesel, and the number of NG vehicles ranks first in the world. At present, there are many studies on the conventional gaseous pollutants and particulate matter of NG vehicles, but very few studies on their VOCs. In this study, the chassis dynamometer is used to test CNG/E10 bi-fuel light-duty vehicles, analyze the advantages of CNG in CO2, fuel thermal efficiency, and cost, and discuss its disadvantages in NOx emission. Most importantly, the emission characteristics and ozone formation potential of VOCs in the exhaust of CNG vehicles were analyzed in the study. Compared with E10, CNG fuel can reduce CO2 emission by about 20 %, improve thermal efficiency by about 13 %, and save fuel costs by about 50 %. However, it will increase NOx and NO2 emissions by about 10 % and 13 % respectively. As for VOCs, the emission factor of VOCs from CNG fuel is about 54 % of E10 fuel. The VOCs group with the highest proportion in the exhaust of CNG-fueled vehicles is alkanes, >80 %. while the alkanes and alkenes with the highest proportion in E10 fuel are 30 % and 23 % respectively. C2 VOCs emitted by CNG account for >70 %, while C2 VOCs emitted by E10 are less then 60 %, followed by C4 VOCs, about 10 % - 30 %. The OFPs of VOCs in CNG exhaust is about 13.7 % of E10. Alkenes contribute the most to ozone, and the OFPs of alkenes in CNG and E10 vehicle exhaust accounts for about 55.3 % and 78.8 % of TVOCs respectively. The results of this study are helpful to improve people's understanding of the environmental value of using NG vehicles.Ocean acidification potentially influences the biotoxicity of metals and the antioxidant defense systems of marine organisms. This study investigated how pCO2-driven seawater acidification (SA) affected aqueous-phase copper (Cu) toxicity in the juvenile flounder Paralichthys olivaceus from the perspective of hepatic oxidative stress and damage to better understand the mechanisms underlying the biological effects produced by the two stressors. Fish were exposed to aqueous-phase Cu at relevant ambient and polluted concentrations (0, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 200 μg L-1) at different pH levels (no SA pH 8.10; moderate SA pH 7.70, pCO2 ∼1353.89 μatm; extreme SA pH 7.30, pCO2 ∼3471.27 μatm) for 28 days. A battery of biomarkers in the livers was examined to investigate their roles in antioxidant defense and detoxification in response to coexposure. Hepatic Cu accumulation (30.22-184.90 mg kg-1) was positively correlated with Cu concentrations. The biomarkers responded adaptively to different redox states following SA and Cu exposure. In unacidified seawater, increases in Cu concentrations significantly induced hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO, by up to 27.03 %), although compensatory responses in antioxidant defenses and detoxification were activated. Moderate SA helped maintain hepatic redox homeostasis and alleviated LPO through different defense strategies, depending on Cu concentrations. Under extreme SA, antioxidant-based defenses were activated to cope with oxidative stress at ambient-low Cu concentrations but failed to defend against Cu toxicity at polluted Cu levels, and LPO (by up to 63.90 %) was significantly induced. Additionally, thiols (GSH and MT) responded actively to cope with Cu toxicity under SA. SOD, CAT, EROD, and GST were also sensitively involved in defending against hepatic oxidative stress during coexposure. These findings highlight the notable interactive effects of SA and Cu and provide a basis for understanding antioxidant-based defenses in marine fish confronting environmental challenges.Follicular fluid is the microenvironment of oocytes that plays a crucial role in oocyte development. This study intended to explore the follicular fluid metabolomics in diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and normal ovary response (NOR) groups. For metabolomic analysis, we collected the follicular fluid samples from 28 patients with DOR, 28 patients with NOR, and 28 patients with PCOS. The identified metabolites were annotated using KEGG to determine the metabolic pathway disturbances in PCOS and DOR. Based on the regression model, we conducted ROC analysis to identify PCOS and DOR biomarkers in the follicular fluid. The present results identified that the DOR and NOR groups' differential metabolites were primarily enriched in the choline pathway. The concentrations of pregnanediol-3-glucuronide and 2-hydroxyestrone sulfate in the DOR and NOR groups were substantially different. The metabolites in the purine metabolism pathway were mainly enriched in the PCOS and NOR groups. N-Acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl) cysteine and 3,4-dehydrothiomorpholine in the PCOS and NOR groups were substantially different. We also identified metabolic alterations in PCOS and DOR follicular fluid, which provides novel ways for PCOS and DOR diagnosis and therapy.Small heat shock proteins (HSPBs) regulate various cell functions. We previously reported that HSPB1, HSPB6, and HSPB8 each suppress the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The heterooligomerization of HSPs is speculated to be crucial for functional activities. Here, we investigated the relationship between the complex of HSPBs and the progression of HCC. HSPB1/HSPB6 complex and HSPB1/HSPB8 complex, but not HSPB6/HSPB8 complex, were observed in both HSPB6-overexpressing human HCC-derived HuH-7 cells and resected human HCC tumor tissue. Differentiation, stage, tumor size, and vein invasion of HCC were inversely related to the presence of HSPB complexes in the HCC tissue. Our results strongly suggest that the HSPB complex formation plays a suppressive role in the HCC progression.
To evaluate myopia progression with highly aspherical lenslet (HAL) spectacles vs conventional single vision (SV) spectacles.

Prospective, double-blind, single-center, randomized, cross-over trial.

A total of 119 Vietnamese children (7-13 years of age, spherical equivalent refractive error [SE]=-0.75 to -4.75D) were randomized to wear either HAL or SV, and after 6 months (stage 1) crossed over to the other lens for another 6 months (stage 2). At the end of stage 2, both groups wore HAL for a further 6 months. In the order that lenses were worn at each stage, group 1 was designated HSH (HAL-SV-HAL) and group 2 SHH (SV-HAL-HAL). The main outcome measures were a comparison between HAL and SV for change (Δ) in SE and axial length (AL) during each stage; and a comparison of ΔSE/AL with SV between HSH and SHH groups to determine whether myopia rebounded when switched from HAL to SV (HSH group).

Myopia progressed more slowly with HAL than with SV during stages 1 and 2 (SEΔ stage 1 -0.21 vs -0.27D, P=.317, stage 2 -0.05 vs -0.32D, P < .001; ALΔ stage 1 0.07 vs 0.14 mm, P=.004; stage 2 0.04 vs 0.17 mm, P < .001). ΔSE/AL with SV was not different between the HSH and SHH groups (ΔSE -0.33 ± 0.27D vs -0.27 ± 0.42D, P=.208; ΔAL 0.17 ± 0.13mm vs 0.13 ± 0.15 mm, P=.092). An average of 14 hours per day of lens wear was reported with both lenses.

In this cross-over trial, intergroup and intragroup comparisons indicate that HAL slows myopia. Children were compliant with lens wear, and data were not suggestive of rebound when patients were switched from HAL to SV.
In this cross-over trial, intergroup and intragroup comparisons indicate that HAL slows myopia. Children were compliant with lens wear, and data were not suggestive of rebound when patients were switched from HAL to SV.
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