Notes

The Hand Lure inside the Genetic Firing Place Is Highly Conserved throughout Just about all Escherichia coli Phylogenetic Teams.
In most eusocial insects, the division of labour results in relatively few individuals foraging for the entire colony. Thus, the survival of the colony depends on its efficiency in meeting the nutritional needs of all its members. Here, we characterise the network topology of a eusocial insect to understand the role and centrality of each caste in this network during the process of food dissemination. We constructed trophallaxis networks from 34 food-exchange experiments in black garden ants (Lasius niger). We tested the influence of brood and colony size on (i) global indices at the network level (i.e. efficiency, resilience, centralisation and modularity) and (ii) individual values (i.e. degree, strength, betweenness and the clustering coefficient). Network resilience, the ratio between global efficiency and centralisation, was stable with colony size but increased in the presence of broods, presumably in response to the nutritional needs of larvae. Individual metrics highlighted the major role of foragers in food dissemination. In addition, a hierarchical clustering analysis suggested that some domestics acted as intermediaries between foragers and other domestics. Networks appeared to be hierarchical rather than random or centralised exclusively around foragers. Finally, our results suggested that networks emerging from social insect interactions can improve group performance and thus colony fitness. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Ehrlichiosis has been infrequently reported in immunosuppressed patients such as solid organ transplants (SOT). We report a case of Ehrlichia chaffeensis infection in an immunosuppressed woman four months after deceased donor kidney transplantation. The diagnosis was confirmed by PCR testing in serum, and the patient responded promptly to treatment with doxycycline. To supplement our Case Report, a literature review encompassing 1995 to present was also performed using PubMed as the search vehicle. Search terms that were utilized include ehrlichiosis, HME, E chaffeensis, kidney transplant(ation), renal transplant(ation), solid organ transplant(ation), and immunosuppression. The diagnosis of ehrlichiosis can be challenging in SOT patients since ehrlichiosis is not a classic opportunistic infection in SOT. Transplant physicians must have a high clinical suspicion for the diagnosis in patients with an acute febrile illness accompanied by headache, worsening cytopenias, and transaminitis who live in endemic areas, especially if they have tick exposure. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.High mortality of patients with cervical cancer (CC) stresses the imperative of prognostic biomarkers for CC patients. Additionally, the vital status of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the progression of cancers has been reported by numerous researches. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to dig a prognostic signature correlated with PTMs for CC. We built a five-mRNA (GALNTL6, ARSE, DPAGT1, GANAB and FURIN) prognostic signature associated with PTMs to predict both disease-free survival (DFS) (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.967, 95% CI = 1.985-7.927; P less then .001) and overall survival (HR = 2.092, 95% CI = 1.138-3.847; P = .018) for CC using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Then, the robustness of the signature was validated using GSE44001 and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. CIBERSORT algorithm analysis displayed that activated CD4 memory T cell was also an independent indicator for DFS (HR = 0.426, 95% CI = 0.186-0.978; P = .044) which could add additional prognostic value to the signature. Collectively, the PTM-related signature and activated CD4 memory T cell can provide new avenues for the prognostic predication of CC. These findings give further insights into effective treatment strategies for CC, providing opportunities for further experimental and clinical validations. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.SCOPE Urolithins (Uro), gut microbial metabolites derived from ellagic acid (EA), reach significant concentrations in the human colon. Uro-A exerts anti-inflammatory activity in animal models of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). It is hypothesized that Uro can modulate the biosynthesis of leukocyte-derived inflammatory eicosanoids from the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and 5-LOX/COX-2 pathways, relevant in the onset and progression of IBDs, including 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5-HETEs), leukotriene-B4 (LTB4 ), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), and hemiketals (HKE2 and HKD2 ). METHODS AND RESULTS Leukocytes, obtained from six healthy donors, are stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and calcium ionophore A23187. Uro, at concentrations found in the human colon (1-15 µm), decrease eicosanoid biosynthesis and COX-2 levels in the activated leukocytes. PARP signaling In contrast, EA and conjugated Uro (glucuronides and sulfates) are inactive. Uro-A and isourolithin-A reduce the formation of the 5-LOX/COX-2 products HKE2 and HKD2 through the COX-2 pathway (down-regulation of COX-2 and PGE2), whereas Uro-C reduces 5-HETE and LTB4 via inhibition of 5-LOX. CONCLUSIONS The results show that physiologically relevant colonic Uro target eicosanoid biosynthetic pathways. The effect on HKs and LTB4 formation is unprecedented and expands the knowledge on anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Uro against IBDs. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.OBJECTIVES To investigate factors affecting the haemostatic success of non-dissolvable intranasal packs in the management of acute epistaxis presenting to the Emergency Department (ED). DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING A nationwide prospective audit examining epistaxis management at 113 sites in the UK over a 30-day period. PARTICIPANTS Patients 16 years or older, presenting to the ED with acute epistaxis managed with non-dissolvable intranasal packs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was pack success, defined as successful haemostasis following nasal pack removal, not requiring further packing or surgical intervention or interventional radiology. RESULTS A cohort of 969 patients presented with epistaxis to the ED, with nasal packs being inserted in 54.4% by ED staff and by ENT in a further 18.9%. Overall, nasal packs were successful in 87.5%. Longer duration packs (>21 hours) were more successful than shorter duration packs (89.9% vs. 84.3%, χ2 p=0.028). A patient survey supported longer packing duration. The most significant predictors of treatment failure were shorter packing duration (Odds Ratio (OR)=2.3; 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=1.4-3.8), alongside ischaemic heart disease (OR=1.9; 95% CI=1.1-3.3), normal admission haemoglobin (OR=2.0; 95% CI=1.2-3.4) and no attempt at cautery following pack removal (OR=2.5; 95% CI=1.4-4.2). CONCLUSIONS The majority of epistaxis patients are packed by the ED prior to referral to ENT. Once inserted, nasal packs are highly successful, with data supporting the British Rhinological Society guidance of maintaining nasal packs for around 24 hours. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), synthesized by green methods with the property to kill microbes, are highly valuable in medical sciences. So, the current study was aimed at using the flower extract of Wedelia urticifolia for synthesizing AgNPs with antibacterial properties. The AgNPs were produced by adding the extract to three different AgNO3 concentrations (1, 10, and 100 mM) in nine possible flower extract to metal salt ratios (91, 82, 73, 64, 55, 46, 37, 28, and 19). The formation of brown color and the presence of a peak at 431 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum of the colloidal solution indicates the synthesis of AgNPs, which were also characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The DLS results exposed that the smallest sized AgNPs were obtained in 10 mM AgNO3 solution and 4E6M was the optimized extract to metal salt solution ratio. The characterization techniques revealed that the synthesized AgNPs were spherical shaped and crystalline with a diameter of less than 30 nm. Furthermore, the synthesized nanoparticles were tested against two Gram-positive (Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacterial strains for their antibacterial efficiency. Although the studied strains showed limited growth, overall, the effect of nanoparticles was found to be insignificant. It is concluded that the current study is advantageous over other previous studies because the AgNPs were synthesized at room temperature from 10 mM AgNO3 concentration in only 2 hours. Additionally, the present work is simple, ecofriendly, and in-expensive. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND Limited data exists demonstrating the efficacy of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) compared to median sternotomy (MS) for multiple valvular disease (MVD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare operative and peri-operative outcomes of MIS vs MS in MVD. METHODS PubMed, Ovid, and Embase were searched from inception until August 2019 for randomized and observational studies comparing MIS and MS in patients with MVD. Clinical outcomes of intra- and postoperative times, reoperation for bleeding and surgical site infection were evaluated. RESULTS Five observational studies comparing 340 MIS vs 414 MS patients were eligible for qualitative and quantitative review. The quality of evidence assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was good for all included studies. Meta-analysis demonstrated increased cardiopulmonary bypass time for MIS patients (weighted mean difference [WMD], 0.487; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.365-0.608; P  less then  .0001). Similarly, aortic cross-clamp time was longer in patients undergoing MIS (WMD, 0.632; 95% CI, 0.509-0.755; P  less then  .0001). No differences were found in operative mortality, reoperation for bleeding, surgical site infection, or hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS MIS for MVD have similar short-term outcomes compared to MS. This adds value to the use of minimally invasive methods for multivalvular surgery, despite conferring longer operative times. However, the paucity in literature and learning curve associated with MIS warrants further evidence, ideally randomized control trials, to support these findings. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cardiac Surgery published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of vaginal microbicides in preventing HIV transmission in women. METHODS Systematic review through a comprehensive search of relevant electronic databases for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published through June 2019. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts according to eligibility criteria, then extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies. We conducted a random effects meta-analysis of risk ratios (RR) of HIV infection and assessed heterogeneity using Chi2 and I2 tests. Sources of heterogeneity were investigated through subgroup analysis, publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, and certainty of evidence was graded using GRADEPro software. RESULTS We included 18 RCTs which enrolled 40,048 sexually-active, HIV-negative, non-pregnant women, aged 16 years and older, mainly from sub-Saharan Africa. The intravaginal ring containing Dapivirine significantly reduced HIV risk by 29% (RR 0.71, 95%CI0.57-0.
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