Notes

A straightforward strategy to identify Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato proteins in various sub-cellular chambers simply by immunofluorescence.
The features of impedance audiometry with a 226 Hz probe frequency in newborns and children in the first months of life after acute otitis media were analyzed. The age dynamics of tympanograms in children in the first year of life is determined.
To summarize modern data about the epidemiology, etiology, clinical course and diagnosis of otitis externa.

Materials of scientific publications included in the Cochrane Library, information bases of the RSCI, MEDLINE, PubMed were used as a data source. The choice of material was carried out according to the keywords otitis externa, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, local treatment.

The role of combined drugs in the main etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the external ear inflammatory process is shown.

Analysis of published data from clinical trials indicates the importance of a fixed antibacterial agents and anesthetic combination in increasing the effectiveness of topical therapy for otitis externa.
Analysis of published data from clinical trials indicates the importance of a fixed antibacterial agents and anesthetic combination in increasing the effectiveness of topical therapy for otitis externa.For the first time, a detailed epidemiological study of hearing impairments (HI) in the children's population of St. Petersburg (n=3098) was conducted. The data on the incidence of HI in children, the distribution of children depending on the degree of hearing loss, HI type, the presence of additional disorders, risk factors for hearing loss were obtained. Only 19% of children with HI were diagnosed in accordance with modern requirements of early care - at the age of 3 months. In children who underwent universal newborn hearing screening the average age of diagnosis was significantly lower than in children who were not screened. Only 54% of HI children use hearing aids (HA) or cochlear implants. Among the children who do not use HA, the main number is children with mild and moderate hearing loss, unilateral hearing loss and otitis media with effusion. A significant part of them should be considered as candidates for amplification according to current recommendations. The average interval between diagnosis and amplification was 15.7 months. Only 5% of children from the entire population of children with HI received early intervention in accordance with the modern time standard 1 month (detection) - 3 months (diagnosis) - 6 months (amplification). The problems of organizing an effective care for HI children and the directions of its development are discussed improving newborn hearing screening; introduction the system of informing the citizens and doctors of related specialties (pediatricians, neurologists) in the field of prevention, diagnosis and rehabilitation of HI in children; expansion of genetic testing of children; reducing time of waiting and improving the quality of HA provided to handicapped children.Purpose of the study is to assess the internal consistency, reliability of retesting and clinical reliability of the Russian version of the Voice Handicap Index (VHI)-30 questionnaire.
It is prospective observational study. The original English version of the VHI-30 questionnaire was translated into Russian by two independent researchers (professional translators). The final Russian version (VHI-30rus) was formulated by a third researcher (otorhinolaryngologist) on the basis of these two translations, and then translated back into English. 6-Aminonicotinamide Dehydrogenase inhibitor The 181 participants were included in this study. The main group patients (
=91) were additionally divided into subgroups in accordance with the form of dysphonia 65 (71.4%) patients had functional and organic dysphonia, 8 (8.8%) had chronic inflammatory diseases of the larynx, 7 (7.7%) - benign neoplasms of the larynx (singing nodules, polyps, cysts), 11 (12.1%) - unilateral laryngeal paralysis. The control group consisted of 90 people without voice disorders. Internal cty for the Russian version of the VHI-30rus questionnaire. The VHI-30rus questionnaire can be recommended for use in clinical practice for patients with dysphonia.
To compare the anatomical and functional results of the ossicular chain reconstruction with classic titanium adjustable prostheses and titanium adjustable prostheses with hydroxyapatite cap.

The 300 patients (360 cases) with chronic suppurative otitis media were examined and operated. The patients are divided into 2 groups. Group A included patients who received an ossicular prosthesis with a hydroxyapatite cap (90 cases with a partial prosthesis and 90 with a full one). Group B included patients who received prostheses without hydroxyapatitis (90 cases with a partial prosthesis and 90 with a complete one). The patients who received a prosthesis with a hydroxyapatite cap were divided into two subgroups, depending on the autotissue, which was placed between the prosthesis cap and the nontympanic membrane this is an autocartilage plate or perichondrium/fascial graft. The follow-up period after surgery was 38.5±14.4 months (from 12 to 48 months). In the long-term postoperative period, the subjects were assesh full prostheses -
=0.651, with partial prostheses -
=0.142).

It is possible to use ossicular prostheses with a hydroxyapatite cap without placing an autocartilaginous plate between the nontympanic membrane and the cap of the prosthesis. In the long term period, functional and anatomical results with hydroxyapatite cap prostheses do not differ statistically significantly from those with all-titanium prostheses.
It is possible to use ossicular prostheses with a hydroxyapatite cap without placing an autocartilaginous plate between the nontympanic membrane and the cap of the prosthesis. In the long term period, functional and anatomical results with hydroxyapatite cap prostheses do not differ statistically significantly from those with all-titanium prostheses.
To establish the features of tinnitus in older age patients with autonomic dysfunction.

We examined 94 patients aged 60 to 93 years (average age is 75.4±3.2 years). Patients with an imbalance of the autonomic nervous system were identified according to the questionnaire of A.M. Wayne and Kerdo's autonomic index. The questionnaires assessing the strength of subjective ear noise, the psychoemotional state of patients, the impact of tinnitus on various spheres of life were used in this study.

It was revealed that more than 50% of patients of older age groups with tinnitus had a dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. Patients with parasympathicotonia more often noted bilateral persistent subjective ear noise than patients with sympathicotonia.

Autonomic dysfunction could be the cause of sleep disturbances, psychoemotional disorders and a decrease in the quality of life.
Autonomic dysfunction could be the cause of sleep disturbances, psychoemotional disorders and a decrease in the quality of life.
The purpose is to study the spectrum of bacterial pathogens that cause acute purulent otitis media (APOM) in children of the Moscow region in modern conditions and assess their sensitivity to the main groups of antibiotics.

The study included 1.864 children who underwent examination and received treatment in the otorhinolaryngological department of Morozovskaya Pediatric Municipal Clinical Hospital in the period from 01 July 2018 to 31 June 2020 with a diagnosis of APOM.

The study showed that the leading bacterial pathogens of APOM are
(28.0%),
(27.2%),
(22.2%),
(7.8%), and
(6.5%). Attention is drawn to the increase in the level of resistance of
to oxacillin (11.64%).

The data obtained indicate the feasibility and prospects of vaccination against pneumococcal infection as one of the ways to curb the spread of resistance of
to antibacterial drugs.
The data obtained indicate the feasibility and prospects of vaccination against pneumococcal infection as one of the ways to curb the spread of resistance of S. pneumoniae to antibacterial drugs.
The light dose in photodynamic therapy (PDT) has a considerable influence on its treatment effect, and irradiance uniformity is an issue of much concern for researchers. However, achieving intelligent and personalized dosimetry adjustments remains a challenge for current PDT instruments.

To meet the requirements of intelligent and personalized dosimetry adjustments for the light dose on an irregular surface, a new PDT device with its optimal control method is proposed.

This research introduces a new PDT device that includes a 3D scanner, a light-emitting diode (LED) array, and a computer. The 3D scanner is proposed to generate the point cloud of the lesion and the LED array light source, and obtain the relative position and rotation parameters between them. Then, an image segmentation algorithm is used to segment the lesion point cloud into several cluster regions. Last, the current of each LED unit is adjusted separately to achieve the expected irradiance on each cluster.

Compared with the general light source, the optimized light source increases the effective irradiance area by 9% to 15% and improves its uniformity by ∼9  %   on a human port-wine stain head model.

The device and its optimal method may be used for optimizing the light dosimetry to realize intelligent and personalized treatment.
The device and its optimal method may be used for optimizing the light dosimetry to realize intelligent and personalized treatment.Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina) is a cyanobacterium which is considered a nutraceutical because it has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties in different renal disease models (Rodriguez-Sánchez et al., 2012; Aziz et al., 2018; Memije-Lazaro et al., 2018). The therapeutic effects are due to the presence of metabolites with biological effects similar to those of essential fatty acids ω-3 and ω-6, vitamins A, C and E, and accessory pigments such as phycobiliproteins. One of the most abundant phycobiliproteins in A. maxima is C-phycocyanin (Mysliwa-Kurdziel and Solymosi, 2017). This molecule is responsible for nephroprotective action in a model of acute kidney injury (AKI) because it reduces oxidative stress and caspase activation (Rodriguez-Sánchez et al., 2012; Rojas-Franco et al., 2018). However, both A. maxima and its C-phycocyanin are related to the reduction of the redox environment. Thus, they probably help to maintain the adequate function of the intracellular organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum. However, this therapeutic action has not been evaluated previously.The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has occasioned worldwide alarm. Globally, the number of reported confirmed cases has exceeded 84.3 million as of this writing (January 2, 2021). Since there are no targeted therapies for COVID-19, the current focus is the repurposing of drugs approved for other uses. In some clinical trials, antiviral drugs such as remdesivir (Grein et al., 2020), lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) (Cao et al., 2020), chloroquine (Gao et al., 2020), hydroxychloroquine (Gautret et al., 2020), arbidol (Wang et al., 2020), and favipiravir (Cai et al., 2020b) have shown efficacy in COVID-19 patients. LPV/r combined with arbidol, which is the basic regimen in some regional hospitals in China including Zhejiiang Province, has shown antiviral effects in COVID-19 patients (Guo et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2020). A retrospective cohort study also reported that this combination therapy showed better efficacy than LPV/r alone for the treatment of COVID-19 patients (Deng et al.
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