Notes

Malaysian general opinion statement on FDG PET-CT reporting file format with regard to lymphoma.
Antibacterial photodynamic therapy is a promising treatment for problematic infections caused by bacteria and fungi. Despite its undoubted effectiveness, the ultrastructural mechanism of microbial death remains not fully described and distinct organisms respond to the treatment with different efficacy. For this reason, it was decided to try imaging the process using the in situ transmission electron microscopy method. To conduct an observational experiment, the microscope was significantly modified. Liquid cell methods were used, electron doses and their influence on the sample were estimated, and a fiber-optic sample illuminator was designed and built. The modifications allowed for the light-induced characterization of photosensitizer-bacteria interaction. Microscope modification is a promising platform for further studies of light-induced phenomena in both life and material science.Sulfur quantum dots (S-dots) show great potential for applications in various field, due to their favorable biocompatibility, high stability, and antibacterial properties. However, the use of S-dots in chemical sensing is limited by the lack of functional groups on the surface. In this work, a fluorescence glutathione (GSH) assay is developed based on the GSH modulated quenching effect of Cu2O nanoparticles (NP) on S-dots. The fluorescence of S-dots is effectively quenched after forming complex with Cu2O NP through a static quenching effect (SQE). Introducing of GSH can trigger the decomposition of Cu2O NP into GSH-Cu(I) complex, which leads to the weaken of SQE and the partial recover of the fluorescence. The intensity of recovered fluorescence shows a positive correlation with the concentration of GSH in the concentration range of 20 to 500 μM. The fluorescence GSH assay shows excellent selectivity and robustness towards various interferences and high concentration salt, which endow the successful detection of GSH in human blood sample. The presented results provide a new door for the design of fluorescence assays, which also provides a platform for the applications in nanomedicine and environmental science.In this study, a novel FONs-based sensor P-M(w) was synthesized using 1-Pyrenecarboxaldehyde and L-methionine through facile hydrothermal strategy. The fluorescence emission peaks of the acquired P-M(w) would show specific changes after the addition of Hg2+ due to interfering the PET process and inducing nano-structure conformational rigidification of P-M(w). Notably, the water-soluble FONs-based sensor was firstly used to detect Hg2+ in tea samples providing a new material choice for the fluorescence sensor construction of metal ion detection. Besides, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Hg2+ could be carried out with P-M (w) at a very low concentration (1 μg/mL) meaning that the acquired P-M(w) synthesized by few grams of reactants may satisfy the detection of approximate fifty thousand samples.Plasmon has been widely investigated and applied, because it can greatly enhance molecular Raman spectral intensity. In this study, the resonance Raman effect of the tetra-tert-butylnaphthalocyanine (TTBN) is analyzed, including the Raman wave number shift and enhancement factor, resulting from light of different incident wavelengths. Furthermore, the optical properties of TTBN are obtained, such as charge transfer, the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectrum, etc. Lastly, we study the tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) by adjusting the parameters of the metal tip to achieve the highest electromagnetic enhancement at different incident wavelengths. Combining the resonance excitation effect and the tip enhanced Raman effect, the enhancement factor of TERS can reach up to 108-109. This study provides significant help for a profound understanding of the TERS mechanism.Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays pivotal roles in various biological functions and pharmacological activities. High selectivity and sensitivity remain challenges for fluorescent probes to detection of H2O2 with a large stokes shift. Herein, a new "turn-on" fluorescent probe (DCM-C) was designed based on the mechanism of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). In PBS buffer (10 mM, pH 7.4, with 20% DMSO, v/v), DCM-C exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity for H2O2 over other interfering analytes with a large stokes shift (187 nm), and the detection limit was as low as 35.5 nM. In addition, the probe was effective for detecting exogenous and endogenous H2O2 in living cells, and identifying stained in cytoplasm. Moreover, the probe has been used successfully for determining H2O2 in zebrafish by fluorescence imaging.Spectrophotometric data analysis using multivariate approaches has many useful applications. One of these applications is the analysis of active ingredients in presence of impurities. NADPH-oxidase inhibitor Four chemometric-assisted spectrophotometric methods, namely, principal component regression (PCR), partial least-squares (PLS), artificial neural networks (ANN) and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) were proposed and validated. The developed chemometric methods were compared to resolve the severely overlapped spectrum of Paracetamol (PAR) and Phenylephrine HCl (PHE) along with PAR impurities namely, P-Aminophenol (PAP), P-Nitrophenol (PNP), Acetanilide (ACT) and P-Chloroacetanilide (CAC). The four multivariate calibration methods succeeded in simultaneous determination of PAR and PHE with further quantification of PAR impurities. So, the proposed methods could be used with no need of any separation step and successfully applied for pharmaceutical formulation analysis. Furthermore, statistical comparison between the results obtained by the proposed chemometric methods and the official ones showed no significant differences.Pesticide detection is of tremendous importance in agriculture, and Raman spectroscopy/Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) has proven extremely effective as a stand-alone method to detect pesticide residues. Machine learning may be able to automate such detection, but conventional algorithms require a complete database of Raman spectra, which is not feasible. To bypass this problem, the present study describes a transfer learning method that improves the algorithm's accuracy and speed to extract features and classify Raman spectra. The transfer learning model described here was developed through the following steps (1) the classification model was pre-trained using an open-source Raman spectroscopy database; (2) the feature extraction layer was saved after training; and (3) the training model for the Raman spectroscopy database was re-established while using self-tested pesticides and keeping the feature extraction layer unchanged. Three models were evaluated with or without transfer learning CNN-1D, Resnet-1D, and Inception-1D, and they have improved the accuracy of spectrum classification by 6%, 2%, and 3%, with reduced training time and increased curve smoothness. These results suggest that transfer learning can improve the feature extraction capability and therefore accuracy of Raman spectroscopy models, expanding the range of Raman-based applications where transfer learning model can be used to identify the spectra of different substances.Glutathione (GSH) as an essential biothiol maintains redox homeostasis in human body, the aberrant level of it has been related to various diseases. In this work, we constructed a facile and environment-friendly strategy by using Ce based metal-organic frameworks and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for detection of GSH. The fluorescence intensity of the Ce-MOF was quenched by AuNPs, which is ascribed to the existence of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and electrostatic interaction between Ce-MOFs and AuNPS. Because of the formation of Au-SH between AuNPs and GSH, the addition GSH induced the Ce-MOF/AuNPs and prevented the occurrence of FRET and electrostatic interaction between Ce-MOFs and AuNPS, which futher recovered the fluorescence of Ce-MOF. Under the optimized conditions, this "turn-on" sensing process revealed a high selectivity toward GSH and displayed good linearity in range of 0.2-32.5 μM with low detection limit of 58 nM. In addition, the practicability of the strategy was testified through analyzing GSH in real human serum samples.The aim of this work was to design, fabricate, test and validate a 3D-printed multisampling holder for multi-analysis by microcomputed tomography. Different raw materials were scanned by microcomputed tomography. The raw material chosen was used to fabricate the holder by 3D printing. To validate the multisampling holder, five teeth were filled with a high density-material and scanned in two ways a single and a multisampling scan mode. For each tooth, the root canal filling volume, porosity volume, closed pore volume, and open pore volume were calculated and compared when the same tooth was scanned in the two sampling scan mode. ABSplus P430™ allowed a high transmission value (84.3 %), and then it was the polymeric material selected to fabricate the holder. In a single sampling scan mode, the scan duration for scanning five teeth was 87.42 min, contrasting with 21.51 min for a multisampling scan mode, which scanned five teeth at the same time. The scan duration time and the cost using a multisampling holder represented a reduction of 75 % and the data volume generated represented a reduction of 60 %. Comparing the two scan modes, the results also showed that the difference of root canal filling volume, porosity volume, closed pore volume, and open pore volume was not statistically significant (p > .05). The multisampling holder was validated to do multi-analysis by microcomputed tomography without significant loss of quantitative accuracy data, allowing a reduction in scan duration time, imaging cost, and data storage.The exoskeleton of the ground beetle Carabus insulicola was observed using polarizing optical microscopy (POM) with simultaneous transmitted and reflected light. The surface showed iridescence owing to the periodic microstructure. A Maltese cross array of the inner layer of the elytra was observed. The matrix of the middle layer of the elytra is composed of protein with the arrangement of a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC)-like helical structure. The scanning electron microscopy observations revealed the layers structure of the exoskeleton of the ground beetle. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurement evaluated crystallinity of the exoskeleton.　Morphology of the Maltese cross array of the beetle has similarity with synthetic chiral-CLC.
To use reliable change indices (RCIs) developed specifically for pediatric patients with epilepsy to examine cognitive outcomes after frontal lobe resection for pharmacoresistant epilepsy.

Forty-one pediatric patients (25 male, M
 = 10 years) completed comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations before and an average of 6.5 months after frontal lobe resections for treatment of epilepsy. Evaluations included tests of intelligence, attention/working memory, processing speed, language, visuospatial skills, executive function, and episodic memory. Practice effect-adjusted RCIs were used to determine clinically significant postoperative cognitive change. Demographic, disease, and surgical variables were examined to identify factors associated with postoperative cognitive decline or improvement.

Within each cognitive domain, there was a large proportion of patients (51-84%) who did not exhibit significant cognitive change. In terms of overall cognitive profile, 44% demonstrated improvement in at least one domain and 69% declined in at least one domain.
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