Notes

[Survey of dentists' information along with actions of medicines employed when pregnant in China area].
High-intensity functional training is a popular form of exercise, but little is known about how it compares to more traditional exercise patterns.

Thirty healthy, physically active adults (15 males, 15 females) performed a high-intensity functional training workout (HIFT) and a traditional workout (TRAD). Cardiorespiratory responses were measured during and for 15 min after each workout.

Peak heart rate (males 187 ± 7 vs. 171 ± 10 bpm, p < .001; females 191 ± 9 vs. 175 ± 6 bpm, p < .001), peak VO2 (males 3.80 ± 0.58 vs. selleck chemicals 3.26 ± 0.60 L/min, p < .001; females 2.65 ± 0.26 vs. 2.36 ± 0.21, p < .001), and average 15 min recovery VO2 (males 1.15 ± 0.20 vs. 0.99 ± 0.17 L/min, p < .001; females 0.77 ± 0.10 vs. 0.71 ± 0.07 L/min, p = .019) were significantly higher in HIFT vs. TRAD. Aerobic energy expenditure was significantly higher in HIFT compared to TRAD in males (9.01 ± 1.43 vs. 8.53 ± 1.38 kcal/min, p = .002) but was not significantly different between the two workouts in females (6.04 ± 0.53iratory stress than traditional exercise.
High-intensity functional training may be an effective form of exercise for caloric expenditure and may elicit greater cardiorespiratory stress than traditional exercise.
This study compared the vertical and horizontal force-velocity (FV) profile of academy and senior rugby league players.

Nineteen senior and twenty academy players from one professional club participated in this study. The vertical FV profile was determined using a series of loaded squat jumps (0.4 to 80 kg) with jump height recorded. The horizontal FV profile involved a 30-m over-ground sprint with split times recorded at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 m. Theoretical maximal force (F0), velocity (V0) and power (Pmax), optimal F0 and V0, and activity specific variables (e.g. vertical FV imbalance) were determined.

Absolute F0 and Pmax from the vertical and horizontal profile were moderately different between groups (standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.64-1.20, P <0.001-0.026), whilst for V0, differences were small (SMD = 0.33-0.41, P = 0.149-0.283). Differences in relative F0, Pmax and optimal F0 during both assessments were trivial to moderate (SMD = 0.03-0.82, P = 0.021-0.907).

These results highlight senior and academy players present with different FV profiles and highlight some potential developmental opportunities for senior and academy rugby league players that sport scientists, strength and conditioning and rugby coaches can implement when designing programmes and considering long-term athlete development.
These results highlight senior and academy players present with different FV profiles and highlight some potential developmental opportunities for senior and academy rugby league players that sport scientists, strength and conditioning and rugby coaches can implement when designing programmes and considering long-term athlete development.
Metabolites produced during muscle exercise can sensitize types III and IV fibers, which account for increasing blood pressure (BP) and vascular resistance in non-exercising limbs, as well as for redistributing the blood flow to active muscles; reflex response is called metaboreflex. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) induces greater local muscle metabolic demand than voluntary isometric contractions. link2 Metabolic accumulation is essential to activate muscle metaboreflex; thus, the hypothesis of the current study is that one NMES session can induce metaboreflex with different hemodynamic responses in upper and lower limbs. Objective investigating whether one acute NMES session could activate metaboreflex by inducing different hemodynamic responses between arms and legs.

Twenty (20) healthy subjects (mean age = 47.7 ± 9.4 years, 13 women, mean body mass index = 26±3.4kg/m2) participated in this randomized crossover study. All participants were subjected to two NMES interventions, one in the upper limbs (UPL) and the other in the lower limbs (LL). Mean blood pressure (MBP), blood flow (BF) and vascular resistance (VR) at baseline were used to selectively evaluate metaboreflex responses during NMES interventions and recovery periods with, and without, postexercise circulatory occlusion (PECO+ and PECO-, respectively) through the area under the curve (AUC) in VR.

MBP increased by 13% during UPL interventions and only remained high during PECO+. Changes in MBP were not observed in LL, although BF in the contralateral leg has decreased by 14% during PECO+ protocol. Muscle metaboreflex activation (AUC differences in VR between PECO+ and PECO-) was not different between UPL and LL (p=0.655).

Acute NMES session has induced similar metaboreflex activation in both arms and legs, although hemodynamic responses differed between interventions.
Acute NMES session has induced similar metaboreflex activation in both arms and legs, although hemodynamic responses differed between interventions.
The situation regarding COVID‑19 in Poland is rapidly evolving. Because of this, it is important to investigate COVID‑19 mortality and its predictors in one of the most densely populated regions of the country, Silesia Province.

The goals of this study were to assess in‑hospital mortality due to COVID‑19 and the impact of sex, age, and coexisting diseases on the risk of death.

The data analysis was based on discharge reports of patients with COVID‑19 hospitalized between March and June 2020 in all hospitals in the region. Age, sex, hospital discharge status, and the presence of coexisting diseases were abstracted from the charts.

In a group of 2830 in‑patients with COVID‑19, 325 died during hospitalization. COVID‑19 deaths were associated with male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.52; 95% CI, 1.17-1.96), older age (OR, 6.11; 95% CI, 4.5-8.31), and the presence of 3 or more coexisting diseases (OR, 4.78; 95% CI, 3.52-6.49). The most prevalent comorbidities were chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.

The estimated in‑hospital fatality rate for COVID‑19 was 11.5%, which is lower than the average COVID‑19 fatality rate in other European countries. The risk of in‑hospital death was associated with sex, age, and the number of coexisting diseases, such as chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
The estimated in‑hospital fatality rate for COVID‑19 was 11.5%, which is lower than the average COVID‑19 fatality rate in other European countries. The risk of in‑hospital death was associated with sex, age, and the number of coexisting diseases, such as chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
The aim of the study was to analyse the prognostic factors in postoperative prostate cancer irradiation and develop a nomogram for disease-free survival (DFS).

This retrospective study included 236 consecutive prostate cancer patients who had radical prostatectomy followed by radiotherapy (RT) at a single tertiary institution between 2009 and 2014. The main outcome was DFS analysed through uni- and multivariable analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank testing, recursive partitioning analysis, and nomogram development.

The median follow up was 62.3 (interquartile range [IQR] 38.1-79) months. The independent clinical factors associated with increased risk of recurrence or progression in the multivariate analysis (MVA) were prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level before RT, pT3 characteristic, and local failure as salvage indication. The value of PSA nadir had a significant impact on the risk of biochemical failure. Biochemical control and DFS were significantly different depending on treatment indication (p progression. The Gleason grade group of 4-5 and PSA nadir value allow for further risk stratification. The treatment outcomes in postoperative prostate cancer irradiation are significantly different depending on treatment indication. An online nomogram comprising of both pre-treatment and current data was developed allowing for visualization of changes in prognosis depending on clinical data.
We designed and conducted a narrative review consistent with the PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration number CRD42018099498) to evaluate the association between environmental metals (manganese, mercury, iron) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) in low and middle-income countries (LMIC).

Data sources A total of 19 databases were screened, and 2,048 references were gathered. Study selection Randomized controlled trials, cluster trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, nested case-control studies, ecological studies, cross-sectional studies, case series, and case reports carried out in human adults of LMIC, in which the association between at least one of these three metals and the primary outcome were reported. Data extraction We extracted qualitative and quantitative data. link3 The primary outcome was PD cases, defined by clinical criteria. A qualitative analysis was conducted.

Fourteen observational studies fulfilled the selection criteria. Considerable variation was observed between these studies' methodologies for the measurement of metal exposure and outcome assessment. A fraction of studies suggested an association between the exposure and primary outcome; nevertheless, these findings should be weighted and appraised on the studies' design and its implementation limitations, flaws, and implications.

Further research is required to confirm a potential risk of metal exposure and its relationship to PD. To our awareness, this is the first attempt to evaluate the association between environmental and occupational exposure to metals and PD in LMIC settings using the social determinants of health as a framework.
Further research is required to confirm a potential risk of metal exposure and its relationship to PD. To our awareness, this is the first attempt to evaluate the association between environmental and occupational exposure to metals and PD in LMIC settings using the social determinants of health as a framework.
A sialendoscopy-assisted combined approach is well established in the surgery of sialolithiasis. In cases of proximal salivary stones, transcutaneous sialendoscopy-assisted extractions with parotid and submandibular gland preservation is the primary intention of treatment. We recently added computer tomography (CT) navigation to improve the results of this challenging surgery equally in both localizations.

Al l the patients who submitted to sialendoscopy and sialendoscopy-assisted procedures at the tertiary institution between January 2012 and October 2020 were included in the present study. From November 2019, CT navigation was added in cases with sialolithiasis and a presumably poor sialendoscopic visibility. We evaluated the parameters of the disease, diagnostic procedures, sialendoscopic findings and outcomes, with or without optical surgical navigation.

We performed 178 successful salivary stone removals in 372 patients, of which 118 were combined sialendos-copy-assisted approaches, including 16 tres in patients with obstructive salivary gland disease.
The aim of the study was to dosimetrically compare multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy (MIBT) and stereotactic radiotherapy with CyberKnife (CK) for accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) especially concerning the dose of organs at risk (OAR-s).

Treatment plans of thirty-two MIBT and CK patients were compared. The OAR-s included ipsilateral non-target and contralateral breast, ipsilateral and contralateral lung, skin, ribs, and heart for left-sided cases. The fractionation was identical (4 x 6.25 Gy) in both treatment groups. The relative volumes (e.g. V100, V90) receiving a given relative dose (100%, 90%), and the relative doses (e.g. D0.1cm
, D1cm
) delivered to the most exposed small volumes (0.1 cm
, 1 cm
) were calculated from dose-volume histograms. All dose values were related to the prescribed dose (25 Gy).

Regarding non-target breast CK performed slightly better than MIBT (V100 0.7%
. 1.6%, V50 10.5%
. 12.9%). The mean dose of the ipsilateral lung was the same for both techniques (4.
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