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Hydrogel microneedle patch enables the extraction of skin interstitial fluid (ISF) through in situ swelling in a minimally invasive manner without assistance of mechano-chemical peripherals. However, existing hydrogel microneedles require tens of minutes with multistep process to collect sufficient volume (1 mL) for effective analysis. This study introduces an osmolyte-powered hydrogel microneedle patch that can extract ISF three times faster than the existing platforms and provide in situ analysis of extracted biomarkers. The microneedle patch is composed of osmolytes (i.e., maltose) and hydrogel (i.e., methacrylated hyaluronic acid). During the extraction process, the osmolytes dissolve in the matrix and provide the osmotic pressure that increases the diffusion of ISF from skin to the hydrogel matrix. A patch with 100 microneedles can extract 7.90 µL of ISF from pig skin ex vivo and 3.82 µL of ISF from mouse skin in vivo within 3 min, whereas the control (i.e., hydrogel microneedle without osmolytes) requires >10 min to achieve similar results. The extracted ISF allows the quantification of biomarkers such as glucose and/or drugs such as insulin in vivo. Through the integration with the electronic glucose sensors, the whole system permits the direct and rapid analysis of the extracted glucose. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (EMZBL), previously known as mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, is the most common type of marginal zone B-cell lymphomas. Primary pulmonary lymphomas only constitute 0.5% of primary lung cancer, but 90% of these are EMZBLs. Navitoclax purchase Primary pulmonary lymphomas share similar imaging features with secondary pulmonary lymphomas. Imaging diagnosis is challenging because many benign and other malignant lung lesions can display similar features. Here, we demonstrate a 70-year-old male case with lung tumors and only mesenteric lymphadenopathy, which was eventually diagnosed as advanced pulmonary EMZBL with involvement of the mesenteric lymph nodes and bone marrow. Pulmonary masses have a wide differential diagnosis, but concurrent isolated mesenteric lymphadenopathy might be a radiological clue to pulmonary lymphoma. KEY POINTS Concurrent isolated mesenteric lymphadenopathy might be a radiological clue to pulmonary lymphoma. For nonspecific lung tumors, additional abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan might be helpful for diagnosis of possible lymphoma. © 2020 The Authors. Thoracic Cancer published by China Lung Oncology Group and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.There is minimal information on COVID-19 in immunocompromised individuals. We have studied 10 patients treated at 12 adult care hospitals. Ten kidney transplant recipients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR, and 9 were admitted. The median age was 57 (IQR 47-67), 60% were male, 40% Caucasian, and 30% Black/African American. Median time from transplant to COVID-19 testing was 2822 days (IQR 1272-4592). The most common symptom was fever, followed by cough, myalgia, chills, and fatigue. The most common CXR and CT abnormality was multifocal patchy opacities. 3 patients had no abnormal findings. Leukopenia was seen in 20% of patients, and allograft function was stable in 50% of patients. 9 patients were on tacrolimus and a mycophenolic antimetabolite, and 70% were on prednisone. Hospitalized patients had their antimetabolite agent stopped. All hospitalized patients received hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin. 3 patients died (30%), five (50%) developed acute kidney injury. Kidney transplant recipients infected with COVID-19 should be monitored closely in the setting of lowered immunosuppression. Most individuals required hospitalization and presenting symptoms were similar to those of non-transplant individuals. This article is protected by copyright. Navitoclax purchase All rights reserved.Copines are a family of cytosolic proteins that associate with membranes in a calcium-dependent manner and are found in many eukaryotic organisms. Dictyostelium discoideum has six copine genes (cpnA-cpnF) and cells lacking cpnA (cpnA- ) have defects in cytokinesis, chemotaxis, adhesion, and development. CpnA has also been shown to associate with the plasma membrane, contractile vacuoles, and organelles of the endolysosomal pathway. Here, we use cpnA- cells to investigate the role of CpnA in contractile vacuole function and endocytosis. When placed in water, cpnA- cells made abnormally large contractile vacuoles that took longer to expel. Visualization of contractile vacuoles with the marker protein GFP-dajumin indicated that cpnA- cells had fewer contractile vacuoles that sometimes refilled before complete emptying. In endocytosis assays, cpnA- cells took up small fluorescent beads by macropinocytosis at rates similar to parental cells. However, cpnA- cells reached a plateau sooner than parental cells and had less fluorescence at later time points. p80 antibody labeling of postlysosomes indicated that there were fewer and smaller postlysosomes in cpnA- cells. In dextran pulse-chase experiments, the number of postlysosomes peaked earlier in cpnA- cells, and the postlysosomes did not become as large and disappeared sooner as compared to parental cells. Postlysosomes in cpnA- cells were also shown to have more actin coats, suggesting CpnA may play a role in actin filament disassembly on postlysosome membranes. Overall, these results indicate that CpnA is involved in the regulation of contractile vacuole size and expulsion, and the maturation, size, and exocytosis of postlysosomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.To develop an efficient injectable alginate-based hydrogel for soft tissue engineering applications, phenol moiety (Ph) was introduced into alginate (Alg-Ph), and the influence of gelatin as cell adhesive molecule was evaluated on the peroxidase-mediated alginate hydrogel properties and cultured chondrocytic cell behavior. Addition of gelatin (1.5% w/v) to Alg-Ph (1.5% w/v) hydrogels (Alg-Ph/gelatin) regulated characteristics of the enzymatically gellable alginate hydrogel with increasing gelation time to 5.1 min (76%). Swelling ratio and degradation rates of the Alg-Ph/gelatin hydrogel also increased 60 and 100%, respectively, while the mechanical strength value was 35% less than the Alg-Ph hydrogel. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the addition of gelatin could also increase uniformity of pore sizes inside the Alg-Ph/gelatin hydrogels. The chondrocyte cells maintained their original phenotype and revealed statistically more metabolic activities in the Alg-Ph/gelatin hydrogel. Hydrogels subscutaneously implanted in rats could also be identified readily without complete absorption and signs of toxicity or any untoward reactions after 1 month.
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