Notes

Long-term growth management right after endoscopic endonasal resection of craniopharyngiomas: evaluation of gross-total resection as opposed to subtotal resection using radiotherapy.
and patients with a MAIS of 2 who died or were treated on the intensive care unit.

In Germany, gunshot and stab wounds have a low incidence and are mostly caused by violent crime or attempted suicides. Depending on the site of injury, they have a high mortality and are often associated with major haemorrhage. As a result of the low incidence of these types of trauma, further data and analyses are required in order to provide the basis for evaluating the long-term quality of the management of patients with stab or gunshot wounds.
In Germany, gunshot and stab wounds have a low incidence and are mostly caused by violent crime or attempted suicides. Depending on the site of injury, they have a high mortality and are often associated with major haemorrhage. As a result of the low incidence of these types of trauma, further data and analyses are required in order to provide the basis for evaluating the long-term quality of the management of patients with stab or gunshot wounds.
There is growing recognition of the need for interventions that effectively involve men and boys to promote family planning behaviours. Evidence suggests that the most effective behavioural interventions in this field are founded on theoretical principles of behaviour change and gender equality. However, there are few evidence syntheses on how theoretical approaches are applied in this context that might guide best practice in intervention development. This review addresses this gap by examining the application and reporting of theories of behaviour change used by family planning interventions involving men and boys.

We adopted a systematic rapid review approach, scoping findings of a previously reported evidence and gap map of intervention reviews (covering 2007-2018) and supplementing this with searches of academic databases and grey literature for reviews and additional studies published between 2007 and 2020. Studies were eligible for inclusion if their title, abstract or keywords referred to a psycho best served by unified reporting and testing of intervention theories of change. There remains a need for consistent reporting of these to better understand how complex interventions that seek to involve men and boys in family planning may lead to behaviour change.
Our findings highlight the range of prevailing theories of change used for family planning interventions involving men and boys, and the considerable variability in their reporting. Programmers and policy makers would be best served by unified reporting and testing of intervention theories of change. There remains a need for consistent reporting of these to better understand how complex interventions that seek to involve men and boys in family planning may lead to behaviour change.
Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis (APD) is a rare skin condition caused by sensitivity to high levels of progesterone secreted during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. This may be due to various pathophysiological mechanisms including a Type I and Type IV hypersensitivity reaction. Here we present the case of a patient with APD whose episodic flares were controlled by the addition of omalizumab, after a bilateral oophorectomy failed to resolve her symptoms.

A 34-year-old female presented to our Endocrine clinic with marked Cushingoid features secondary to high-dose oral prednisone prescribed for APD diagnosed 6years earlier. She first developed a pruritic maculopapular rash on her arms and legs just after the birth of her second child in 2009. The rash was also associated with headaches and diffuse angioedema. Symptoms occurred for 1-2weeks, in a cyclical fashion, during the luteal phase of each menstrual cycle and subsided within a few days after menses. The severity of symptoms increased as timeeral oophorectomy failed to resolve symptoms of APD in the literature. This case also demonstrates the complications of vasomotor menopausal symptoms secondary to a bilateral oophorectomy, as well as the adverse effects of long-term glucocorticoid therapy.
To our knowledge, this is only the third case of APD which was successfully treated with Omalizumab and the first case where a bilateral oophorectomy failed to resolve symptoms of APD in the literature. This case also demonstrates the complications of vasomotor menopausal symptoms secondary to a bilateral oophorectomy, as well as the adverse effects of long-term glucocorticoid therapy.
Patellar instability has a high incidence and occurs particularly in young and female patients. If the patella dislocates for the first time, treatment is usually conservative. However, this cautious approach carries the risk of recurrence and of secondary pathologies such as osteochondral fractures. Moreover, there is also risk of continuous symptoms apparent, as recurrent patella dislocation is related to patellofemoral osteoarthritis as well. An initial surgical treatment could possibly avoid these consequences of recurrent patella dislocation.

A prospective, randomized-controlled trial design is applied. Patients with unilateral first-time patella dislocation will be considered for participation. Study participants will be randomized to either conservative treatment or to a tailored patella stabilizing treatment. In the conservative group, patients will use a knee brace and will be prescribed outpatient physical therapy. The surgical treatment will be performed in a tailored manner, addressing the patrded as a major limitation as surgical treatment of patella dislocation should depend on the patient's anatomic pathologies leading to patellar instability. Torin 1 cell line To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating whether patients with primary patella dislocation are better treated conservatively or operatively with tailored surgery to stabilize the patella.

The study will be prospectively registered in the publicly accessible database www.ClinicalTrials.gov .
The study will be prospectively registered in the publicly accessible database www.ClinicalTrials.gov .
Intracranial artery dissection (IAD) often causes headache and cerebral vascular ischemic events. The imaging characteristics of IAD remain unclear. This study aims to characterize the appearance of culprit and non-culprit IAD using high-resolution cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (hrCMR) and quantify the incremental value of hrCMR in identifying higher risk lesions.

Imaging data from patients who underwent intervention examination or treatment using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and hrCMR using a 3T CMR system within 30days after the onset of neurological symptoms were collected. The CMR protocol included diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), black blood T1-, T2- and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequences. Lesions were classified as culprit and non-culprit according to imaging findings and patient clinical presentations. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the difference between culprit and non-culprit lesions and complementary value of hrCMR in identifying higher complementary value over DSA for the diagnosis of IAD.
Normal human breast tissues are a heterogeneous mix of epithelial and stromal subtypes in different cell states. link2 Delineating the spectrum of cellular heterogeneity will provide new insights into normal cellular properties within the breast tissue that might become dysregulated in the initial stages of cancer. Investigation of surface marker expression provides a valuable approach to resolve complex cell populations. link3 However, the majority of cell surface maker expression of primary breast cells have not been investigated.

To determine the differences in expression of a range of uninvestigated cell surface markers between the normal breast cell subpopulations, primary human breast cells were analysed using high-throughput flow cytometry for the expression of 242 cell surface proteins in conjunction with EpCAM/CD49f staining.

We identified 35 surface marker proteins expressed on normal breast epithelial and/or stromal subpopulations that were previously unreported. We also show multiple markers were equally expressed in all cell populations (e.g. CD9, CD59, CD164) while other surface markers were confirmed to be enriched in different cell lineages CD24, CD227 and CD340 in the luminal compartment, CD10 and CD90 in the basal population, and CD34 and CD140b on stromal cells.

Our dataset of CD marker expression in the normal breast provides better definition for breast cellular heterogeneity.
Our dataset of CD marker expression in the normal breast provides better definition for breast cellular heterogeneity.N-glycanase 1 (NGLY1) deficiency is a rare inherited disorder characterized by developmental delay, hypolacrima or alacrima, seizure, intellectual disability, motor deficits, and other neurological symptoms. The underlying mechanisms of the NGLY1 phenotype are poorly understood, and no effective therapy is currently available. Similar to human patients, the rat model of NGLY1 deficiency, Ngly1-/-, shows developmental delay, movement disorder, somatosensory impairment, scoliosis, and learning disability. Here we show that single intracerebroventricular administration of AAV9 expressing human NGLY1 cDNA (AAV9-hNGLY1) to Ngly1-/- rats during the weaning period restored NGLY1 expression in the brain and spinal cord, concomitant with increased enzymatic activity of NGLY1 in the brain. hNGLY1 protein expressed by AAV9 was found predominantly in mature neurons, but not in glial cells, of Ngly1-/- rats. Strikingly, intracerebroventricular administration of AAV9-hNGLY1 normalized the motor phenotypes of Ngly1-/- rats assessed by the rota-rod test and gait analysis. The reversibility of motor deficits in Ngly1-/- rats by central nervous system (CNS)-restricted gene delivery suggests that the CNS is the primary therapeutic target organs for NGLY1 deficiency, and that the Ngly1-/- rat model may be useful for evaluating therapeutic treatments in pre-clinical studies.
Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), high body mass index, and excessvisceral adiposity are each associated with impairment in left ventricular (LV) peak circumferential strain (E
), an intermediate phenotype that precedes the development of clinical heart failure (HF). However, the association of regional fat distribution and CRF with E
independent of each other and other potential confounders is not known.

Participants from the Dallas Heart Study Phase 2 who underwent dual energy X-ray absorptiometry assessment of regional fat distribution, CRF assessment by submaximal treadmill test, and E
quantification by tissue-tagged cardiovascular magnetic resonance were included in the analysis. The cross-sectional associations of measures of regional adiposity, namely visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and lower-body fat (LBF) with E
after adjustment for CRF and other potential confounders (independent variables) were assessed using multivariable linear regression analysis.

The study included 1089 participants (55% female, 39% black). In the unadjusted analysis, higher VAT was associated with greater impairment in E
. After adjustment for baseline risk factors, CRF, parameters of LV structure and function, and other fat depots such as SAT and LBF, higher VAT remained associated with greater impairment in E
(β 0.19, P = 0.002). SAT and LBF were not significantly associated with E
, however, CRF remained associated with E
in the fully adjusted model including all fat depots (β -0.15, P < 0.001).

VAT and CRF are each independently associated with impairment in E
, suggesting that higher VAT burden and low CRF mediate pathological cardiac remodeling through distinct mechanisms.
VAT and CRF are each independently associated with impairment in Ecc, suggesting that higher VAT burden and low CRF mediate pathological cardiac remodeling through distinct mechanisms.
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