Notes

Individual papillomaviruses: distributed as well as specific paths for pathogenesis.
The calculated effect sizes were all within 0.3-0.5. The statistical power was as follows N-A, 86.41%; N-ANS, 79.77%; ANS-PNS, 97.49%; SNA, 96.88%; and ANB, 99.25%.

Although UCLP and BCLP both exhibited differences in craniofacial distances and angles, the procedure type (either F or T procedure) had no significant effect on the maxillofacial morphology (as determined by lateral cephalograms). However, to rule out additional bias, patient-specific factors should be considered that may be affected by maxillofacial development when deciding surgical approaches.
Although UCLP and BCLP both exhibited differences in craniofacial distances and angles, the procedure type (either F or T procedure) had no significant effect on the maxillofacial morphology (as determined by lateral cephalograms). However, to rule out additional bias, patient-specific factors should be considered that may be affected by maxillofacial development when deciding surgical approaches.The economic vulnerability imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic induces stress on mental health of wage earners in Bangladesh which is largely unexplored. This evidence gap was addressed in this study aiming to evaluate the mental health difficulties among Bangladeshi wage earners by assessing the associated factors influencing anxiety, depressive symptoms and sleep patterns. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 707 individual Bangladeshi wage earners in May 2020. The questionnaire included information about sleep duration, the Patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) scales. The study revealed that anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with male sex, higher educational status, service holder occupation and lower monthly income (p ≤ 0.01). Fear of COVID-19 when working outside during the pandemic situation was inextricably linked with anxiety (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI 1.42-3.04) and depressive symptoms (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.04-2.20). Respondents who were responsible to financially support their family experienced significantly decreased duration of sleep (β = -0.68; 95% CI -1.18 to -0.20). The results of this study provided novel evidence on psychological difficulties among Bangladeshi wage earners which calls for an in-depth and longitudinal evaluation and immediate low-intensity psychosocial interventions.
This study employed analysis of workers' compensation (WC) claims in the landscaping services industry to identify occupational factors associated with claims from workers of different ages.

Private sector claims for 2005 to 2017 to the Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation (OHBWC) and their free-text descriptions were used along with data from the US Census Bureau American Community Survey to examine rates and types of WC claims by worker age.

Although the claim rate for younger workers was higher than that for older workers overall (593 vs 261 per 10,000 full-time equivalent employees, P < 0.001), claims from older workers had higher nonzero median cost ($1002 vs $522, P < 0.001).

Analysis of WC claim rates shows significant differences between claims in different age groups. These differences can be used to target safety interventions for the greatest impact.
Analysis of WC claim rates shows significant differences between claims in different age groups. These differences can be used to target safety interventions for the greatest impact.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and overweight/obesity and assess the relationships between hematocrit (Hct) and body mass index (BMI), and between fatigue and Hct, among a sample of farmworkers in California.

We estimated the prevalence of anemia (using Hct), overweight/obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 ), and self-reported fatigue in 587 farmworkers. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between Hct and BMI, and between fatigue and Hct.

Anemia prevalence was 3.1%, overweight/obesity prevalence was 80.7%, and 78% of workers reported fatigue at work. There was no association between Hct and BMI or between Hct and reported fatigue. Women were more likely than men to have lower Hct and higher BMI.

A majority of farmworkers in this sample were overweight/obese, but anemia was uncommon. Anemia among more vulnerable subgroups of farmworkers should be explored.
A majority of farmworkers in this sample were overweight/obese, but anemia was uncommon. Anemia among more vulnerable subgroups of farmworkers should be explored.
This article describes development of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Worker Well-Being Questionnaire (WellBQ).

The NIOSH WellBQ was developed through literature reviews and expert panel recommendations. We drew from a representative sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized, US working population to pilot the questionnaire. Psychometric analyses were performed on data from 975 respondents to finalize items and optimize the NIOSH WellBQ's psychometric properties.

The final questionnaire consists of 16 scales, 5 indices, and 31 single items across 5 domains (1) work evaluation and experience; (2) workplace policies and culture; (3) workplace physical environment and safety climate; (4) health status; and (5) home, community, and society (experiences and activities outside of work). The instrument demonstrated adequate reliability and validity.

The NIOSH WellBQ is a reliable and valid instrument that comprehensively measures worker well-being.
The NIOSH WellBQ is a reliable and valid instrument that comprehensively measures worker well-being.
The aim of the study is to identify factors associated with breakthrough infection among a cohort of Midwestern healthcare personnel (HCP).

SARS-CoV-2-positive test results between March 1, 2020, and July 31, 2021, were collected from electronic medical records of HCP to identify breakthrough infections.

Healthcare personnel who were younger than 35 years, received the Pfizer vaccine, and worked in COVID clinical units had greater adjusted odds of breakthrough infection. Dooku1 chemical structure COVID infection before full vaccination was associated with reduced odds of breakthrough infection.

Our study concluded that the most vulnerable HCP are younger, working in COVID-19 clinical units, and received Pfizer-BioNTech primary series vaccines. Healthcare personnel who had COVID before vaccination were at reduced risk of breakthrough infection, indicating that supplemental immunity could better protect at-risk HCP groups.
Our study concluded that the most vulnerable HCP are younger, working in COVID-19 clinical units, and received Pfizer-BioNTech primary series vaccines. Healthcare personnel who had COVID before vaccination were at reduced risk of breakthrough infection, indicating that supplemental immunity could better protect at-risk HCP groups.
Increasing retirement-aged workers are encouraged to stay in the labor market, as delayed retirement initiative is proposed. This study investigates the interplay of late-life working participation and social security on the mental health risk of retirement-aged workers.

We applied data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS-2018), and the instrumental variables regression was conducted.

Late-life working could alleviate depression, as did the beneficiary status of employment-based social health insurance and the pensionable phase of social pension participation. Besides, the role of late-life working in alleviating depression became more salient when late retirees were not insured by the employment-based social health insurance and still in the pension contribution phase.

It is suggested that the current social security system in China has not been sufficiently well designed to protect the mental health of retirement-aged workers.
It is suggested that the current social security system in China has not been sufficiently well designed to protect the mental health of retirement-aged workers.
This study evaluated the association between shiftwork and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among a group of health care workers in Sri Lanka.

This study was in comparative cross-sectional design with 78 shiftworkers and nonshiftworkers 18 years and older. Data were collected through questionnaires, anthropometric measures, and blood tests. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on the International Diabetes Federation and modified National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.

The prevalence of MetS according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria was 16.2% and 36.6% among day workers and shiftworkers ( P = 0.043). According to modified National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III, 18.9% of day workers and 36.6% of shiftworkers had MetS ( P = 0.083). The best predictors of MetS were age (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.12; P = 0.008) and shiftwork (odds ratio, 2.78; confidence interval, 0.90-8.72; P = 0.076).

Shiftworkers had a more than twofold increased risk of developing MetS than day workers. Intervention targeting diet, physical activity, awareness sessions, and health screenings should be promoted.
Shiftworkers had a more than twofold increased risk of developing MetS than day workers. Intervention targeting diet, physical activity, awareness sessions, and health screenings should be promoted.
The aim of this study was to describe the rate of household, community, occupational, and travel-related COVID-19 infections among health care personnel (HCP).

In a retrospective cohort study of 3694 HCP with COVID-19 infections from July 5 to December 19, 2020, we analyzed infection source data and rates, compared with local and state infection rates, and performed a correlation analysis.

Household (27.1%) and community (15.6%) exposures were the most common sources of infection. Occupational exposures accounted for 3.55% of HCP infections. Unattributable infections (no known exposure source) accounted for 53.1% and correlated with community rather than occupational exposure ( R = 0.99 vs 0.78, P < 0.01).

COVID-19 infections in this large HCP cohort correlated closely with infection rates in the community. The low incidence of occupational infections supports the effectiveness of institutional infection prevention and control measures.
COVID-19 infections in this large HCP cohort correlated closely with infection rates in the community. The low incidence of occupational infections supports the effectiveness of institutional infection prevention and control measures.
This retrospective study investigated the benefits of adding psychological services for frontline workers with delayed recovery from COVID-19 due to psychosocial stressors and/or mental disorders.

Both standardized psychological evaluation and at least 3 sessions of work-focused cognitive behavioral therapy were provided to 103 participants. Benefits were assessed by comparing the pretreatment and posttreatment recovery, work status, and self-ratings of work-related and adaptive daily functioning.

Duration of recovery and return to work were reduced along with improvements in work relevant (40%) and adaptive functioning (31%). The majority (80%) returned to work within 12 weeks despite variable presenting problems, course of illness, demographic, and job factors.

Brief work-focused cognitive behavioral therapy seems to be an effective adjunct to customary outpatient medical care for COVID-19 in frontline essential workers for whom the return-to-work process may be negatively affected by stress, anxiety, and depressed mood.
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