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Anxiety throughout COVID -19 amid College Proceeding Teenagers of 6 Exclusive Schools in Kathmandu Vly: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Review.
CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis provided no overall evidence of an increased risk for both NHL and MM in subjects occupationally exposed to glyphosate. In secondary analyses we detected a small increase in risk for the category with highest level of exposure as well as for DLBCL. The evidence of publication bias suggests caution in the interpretation of the results.BACKGROUND The nasal carriage rate of Staphylococcus aureus in healthcare workers (HCWs) is higher than the general population. Their hands serve as vectors for transmitting S.aureus colonized in the nose to patients. OBJECTIVES To determine the rate of nasal S.aureus carriage and methicillin resistance in HCWs and to evaluate the relationship between carriage and personal risk factors and hand hygiene behaviors. METHODS The questionnaire included questions about sociodemographic characteristics, occupational and personal risk factors for S.aureus carriage, the "Hand Hygiene Belief Scale (HHBS)," and "Hand Hygiene Practices Inventory (HHPI)". Nasal culture was taken from all participants. Presence of S.aureus, methicillin and mupirocin resistance were investigated in samples. RESULTS The study was carried out with 269 HCWs. The prevalence of S.aureus carriage was 20.1% (n54). Among 54 S.aureus carriers, only one person had MRSA (0.37%). All S.aureus isolates were susceptible to mupirocin. S.aureus carriage was found to be significantly lower in the smoker group (p0.015) and in the personnel wearing gloves during the procedures of each patient (p0.002). S.aureus culture positivity was found to decrease significantly with increasing handwashing frequency (p0.003). The mean HHPI score was higher in women (p0.001). The mean HHPI score was lower in the group with nasal carriers than in non-carriers (p0.176). Sanguinarine purchase CONCLUSION The knowledge of hand hygiene practices, high frequency of handwashing, and wearing different gloves during the procedure of each patient decrease S.aureus nasal carriage in HCWs. In addition mupirocin is still effective in nasal S.aureus carriers.BACKGROUND Violence in the workplace is now universally recognized as a significant global public health issue and is one of the most serious issues affecting the healthcare sector. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of workplace violence. METHODS We performed a multicenter cross-sectional study using an anonymous questionnaire submitted to doctors from Northern Italy. The survey investigates socio-demographic information, the number of years of work in the health sector and the physical and verbal aggressions that occurred in the workplace in the last 12 months. RESULTS The sample consists of 4545 healthcare workers, of whom 2603 (57.27%) are females. The mean age of the sample is 49.79 years (SD ± 12.63). The risk of being victim of physical aggression at work in the last 12 months is significantly associated with the following independent variables male gender (aOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.51-2.88), work in the public sector (aOR 2.57, 95% CI 1.72-3.85), being victim of verbal aggression at work in the last 12 months (aOR 22.52, 95% CI 10.97-46.20), work in the operational units of the Medical area (aOR 2.36, 95% CI 1.33-4.21) and the Territorial area (aOR 1.97, 95% CI 1.04-3.74). DISCUSSION The prevalence of violent behaviour is difficult to assess, because violent incidents are underreported or unreported. The results of the study suggest that increased awareness is necessary to develop effective control strategies at individual, hospital and national levels.BACKGROUND Quality of working life has been shown to play a key role in reducing strain inside and outside the workplace, supporting the fulfillment of workers' wellbeing and increasing workforce productivity. Van Laar et al. in 2007 developed the Work-Related Quality of Life (WRQoL) scale that was applied to several different work environments and translated into nine languages. OBJECTIVES We aimed to test and validate an Italian version of the WRQoL scale. METHODS A cross-sectional design was conducted to collect a sample of healthcare professionals (N=430) in 8 hospitals in the Northwest of Italy. Internal consistency of each scale was tested through Cronbach's alpha. A Confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Independent samples t-tests and ANOVA were performed to determine whether the scores on the subscales differed according to various socio-demographic variables. RESULTS A seven factors structure was confirmed (Control at work; General well-being; Home-work interface; Stress at Work; Job and career satisfaction; Working conditions; Employee Engagement; χ2=682.453, p less then .001; χ2 and df(251) ratio=2.71; CFI=.90; RMSEA=.06; SRMR=.06). All subdimensions showed Cronbach's alphas ≥ 0.70 but for Stress at Work (alpha 0.65). The subscales differentiated between groups of people according to several socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., profession, age, length of employment). DISCUSSION The Italian version of WRQoL is a brief and sufficiently reliable tool that can contribute to a more complex and complete evaluation of the psychological well-being at work due to its multidimensionality. Overall, the use of this tool in occupational health practice, in addition to that of other instruments already available, should prove useful in monitoring workers' well-being before and after interventions.BACKGROUND Adverse health effects of occupational exposure to cobalt and its compounds are well-documented. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study is to evaluate exposures to cobalt in Italian industrial settings. METHODS Data on cobalt and its compounds were collected from an occupational exposure registry. Statistical analysis was carried out for some exposure-related variables (i.e., cobalt compound, activity sector, occupational group, firm size). The number of workers potentially exposed was estimated for selected industrial sectors. RESULTS Overall 1,701 measurements were analyzed in the period 1996-2016. The geometric mean of cobalt airborne concentration was 0.33 µg/m3. Most exposures occurred in the manufacture of fabricated metal products (50%) and among metal finishing-, plating- and coating-machine operators (42%). A total of 30,401 workers potentially exposed to cobalt was estimated, over 72% were male. CONCLUSIONS Identifying professional groups at high-risk of exposure can help to control the most dangerous situations for workers' health. Surveillance systems based on occupational exposure registries contribute to support systematic improvement of working conditions.Three types of issues need to be considered in the application of epidemiology results to individuals. First, epidemiology results are subject to random error, and can be applied only to an ideal subject with average values of all variables under study, including potential confounders included in the regression models. Second, the observational nature of epidemiology makes it susceptible to systematic error, and any extrapolation to individuals would mirror the validity of the original results. Quantitative bias analysis has been proposed to assess the likelihood, direction and magnitude of bias, but this has not yet become part of the normal practice of epidemiology. Finally, external validity of the results (i.e., their application to individuals and populations other than those included in the underlying studies) needs to be addressed, including population-based factors, such as heterogeneity in exposure or disease circumstances, and individual-based factors, such as interaction of the risk factors of interest with other determinants of the disease. Similar considerations apply to the application of results of clinical trials to individual patients, although in these studies sources of systematic error are better controlled.Mechanical stress has been recognized as a key inducer of bone regeneration in bone damage, which is experimentally mimicked by distraction osteogenesis (DO), a bone-regenerative process induced by post-osteotomy distraction of the surrounding vascularized bone segments, and realized by new bone formation within the distraction gap. The mechanisms that underlie the DO-induced bone regeneration remain poorly understood and a role of macrophages in the process has been inadequately studied. Here, in a mouse model of DO, we showed significant increase in macrophages in the regeneration area. Moreover, in a loss-of-function approach by depleting inflammatory macrophages, the bone regeneration was compromised by assessment of histology and molecular biology. Thus, our study demonstrates the necessary participation of inflammatory macrophages in the process of DO-induced bone regeneration, and suggests that targeting inflammatory macrophages may help to improve clinical bone repair.To investigate the effects of maternal age on the quality of oocytes, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to detect global gene transcriptome and identify key genes affected by advanced age in human mature oocytes. We isolated mRNA from mature oocytes obtained from IVF or ICSI patients (three oocytes from younger (≤30 years) and three oocytes from older (≥40 years) patients for scRNA-seq. We identified 357 genes differentially expressed between matured oocytes from older and younger women's. The up-regulated genes were significantly enriched with annotations related to transcriptional activation, oxidative stress and immune function, while down-regulated genes were enriched with catalytic activity. The key candidate gene TOP2B was found by protein interaction network analysis, and knockdown verification on younger mouse matured oocytes showed that TOP2B was a key gene affecting the oocyte quality and early embryo development. These results will contribute new knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of female ovary aging and establish a criterion to evaluate the quality of oocytes in women with advanced maternal age.Inhibitors of the CDK family of proteins have been approved for the treatment of a variety of tumours; however, the development of new drugs administered in combination with CDK inhibitors is expected to improve the therapeutic effect. We identified the function of suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 (SOCS1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell models and the xenograft mouse model. When SOCS1 expression was artificially upregulated, HCC cell lines were arrested at the G1-S transition in the cell cycle. Interestingly, during this process, total CyclinD1 protein increased, but the effective proportion decreased. We found that the deficiency of CyclinD1 in the nucleus is probably due to the decrease in the stability of nuclear CyclinD1 caused by the ubiquitin-based degradation of P21, thus inhibiting the progression of the cell cycle to S phase. After P21 expression was increased, the levels of the component that inactivates CyclinD1 decreased as expected. It showed that P21 has a partial promoting effect on cancer. SOCS1 is a good indicator of prognosis, tumour size and long-term survival after resection. SOCS1 is expected to become a drug target in combined with CDK family inhibitors.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) differentiation dysfunction is a common pathological phenotype of several prevalent metabolic and genetic bone diseases. Pyruvate kinase muscle isoenzyme 2 (PKM2) regulates the last step of glycolysis, and its role in BMSCs differentiation is still unknown. In this study, the influence of PKM2 on osteogenesis and adipogenesis was assessed in vitro and in vivo. We found that DASA-58 (the activator of PKM2) reduced the enzymatic activity of ALP, and inhibited the levels of osteogenic marker genes, especially RUNX2, which is a crucial transcription factor for osteogenesis. Besides, we provided evidence that C3k, an inhibitor of PKM2, caused increase in mitochondrial membrane potential and maintained low levels of ROS, and promoted mitochondrial fusion. Furthermore, after treatment with DASA-58, the level of active β-catenin gradually decreased, which also inhibited the transport of active β-catenin into the nucleus, but C3k obviously promoted its nuclear translocation. As for adipogenesis, PKM2 activation increased the expression of adipogenic related genes and decreased active-β-catenin expression, whereas treatment of C3k had the opposite effect.
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