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Several methods to dental epithelial dysplasia degree examines: a pilot review.
Furthermore, their applications are explored in human-soft actuators interaction, including elastic metamaterials with human gesture-controlled bandgap behaviors and soft robotic fingers which can measure electrocardiogram from humans in an on-demand fashion. Other demonstrations include artificial muscles, which can lift masses that are about 110 times of their weights and biomimetic frog tongues which can prey insects. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are an attractive platform for dynamic shape-morphing due to their ability to rapidly undergo large deformations. While recent work has focused on patterning the director orientation field to achieve desired target shapes, this strategy cannot be generalized to material systems where high-resolution surface alignment is impractical. Instead of programming the local orientation of anisotropic deformation, an alternative strategy for prescribed shape-morphing by programming the magnitude of stretch ratio in a thin LCE sheet with constant director orientation is developed here. By spatially patterning the concentration of gold nanoparticles, uniform illumination leads to gradients in photothermal heat generation and therefore spatially nonuniform deformation profiles that drive out-of-plane buckling of planar films into predictable 3D shapes. Experimentally realized shapes are shown to agree closely with both finite element simulations and geometric predictions for systems with unidirectional variation in deformation magnitude. Finally, the possibility to achieve complex oscillatory motion driven by uniform illumination of a free-standing patterned sheet is demonstrated. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Two-dimensional (2D) palladium diselenide (PdSe2 ) has strong interlayer coupling and a puckered pentagonal structure, leading to remarkable layer-dependent electronic structures and highly anisotropic in-plane optical and electronic properties. However, the lack of high-quality, 2D PdSe2 crystals grown by bottom-up approaches limits the study of their exotic properties and practical applications. In this work, chemical vapor deposition growth of highly crystalline few-layer (≥2 layers) PdSe2 crystals on various substrates is reported. The high quality of the PdSe2 crystals is confirmed by low-frequency Raman spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electrical characterization. In addition, strong in-plane optical anisotropy is demonstrated via polarized Raman spectroscopy and second-harmonic generation maps of the PdSe2 flakes. A theoretical model based on kinetic Wulff construction theory and density functional theory calculations is developed and described the observed evolution of "square-like" shaped PdSe2 crystals into rhombus due to the higher nucleation barriers for stable attachment on the (1,1) and (1,-1) edges, which results in their slower growth rates. Few-layer PdSe2 field-effect transistors reveal tunable ambipolar charge carrier conduction with an electron mobility up to ≈294 cm2 V-1 s-1 , which is comparable to that of exfoliated PdSe2 , indicating the promise of this anisotropic 2D material for electronics. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Small polyps are occasionally missed during colonoscopy. This study was conducted to validate the diagnostic performance of a polyp-detection algorithm to alert endoscopists to unrecognized lesions. METHODS A computer-aided detection (CADe) algorithm was developed based on convolutional neural networks using training data from 1,991 still colonoscopy images from 283 subjects with adenomatous polyps. The CADe algorithm was evaluated on a validation dataset including 50 short videos with 1-2 polyps (3.5±1.5 mm, range 2-8 mm) and 50 videos without polyps. Two expert colonoscopists and two physicians in training separately read the same videos, blinded to the presence of polyps. The CADe algorithm was also evaluated using 8 full videos with polyps and 7 full videos without a polyp. RESULTS The per-video sensitivity of CADe for polyp detection was 88% and the per-frame false positive rate was 2.8%, with a confidence level of ≥30%. The per-video sensitivity of both experts was 88%, and the sensitivities of the 2 physicians in training were 84% and 76%. For each reader, the frames with missed polyps appearing on short videos were significantly less than the frames with detected polyps, but no trends were observed regarding polyp size, morphology or color. For full video readings, per-polyp sensitivity was 100% with a per-frame false positive rate of 1.7 %, and per-frame specificity of 98.3%. CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity of CADe to detect small polyps was almost equivalent to experts, and superior to physicians in training. A clinical trial using CADe is warranted. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Previous studies of guselkumab have demonstrated clinical benefits in patients with plaque-type psoriasis, generalized pustular psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis, and palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP). OBJECTIVE The aim of this exploratory analysis of a double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study in Japanese patients with PPP was to evaluate the efficacy of guselkumab in the subset of patients with pustulotic arthro-osteitis (PAO). METHODS Patients were randomized to receive guselkumab 100 mg or 200 mg at weeks 0, 4, 12, and every 8 weeks, or placebo with cross-over to guselkumab 100 mg or 200 mg at week 16 (placebo group). Efficacy endpoints were changes from baseline in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) score, EuroQOL-5 dimensions (EQ-5D) index score, EQ-5D pain/discomfort dimension score, and C-reactive protein (CRP, mg/L) level in all PAO patients through week 52. Data from both guselkumab groups were combined and presented as results for a single overall guselkumab group. RESULTS Among 159 patients with PPP, 66 with PAO were randomized across treatment groups. For patients with MRI data for all regions assessed, the proportion of patients in the guselkumab group with PAO characterized as severe decreased from 23.8% (10/42) at baseline to 5.4% (2/42) at week 52. The mean (SD) change from baseline at week 52 in EQ-5D index score was 0.20 (0.17) among PPP patients with PAO and 0.15 (0.17) among those without PAO in the guselkumab group. Among all PAO patients, the proportions with an EQ-5D pain/discomfort dimension score of no or slight pain/discomfort in the guselkumab group increased from baseline to week 52 (33.3% [7/21] vs 87.5% [35/40]). The mean (SD) CRP levels decreased in all PAO patients in the guselkumab group at week 52 compared to baseline (-1.71 [8.16] mg/L). CONCLUSION Guselkumab treatment showed beneficial outcomes for PAO signs and symptoms in Japanese patients with PPP. This article is protected by copyright. click here All rights reserved.
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