Notes

Jamming densities involving random step by step adsorption on d-dimensional cubic lattices.
Hierarchical emulsions are interesting for both scientific researches and practical applications. Hierarchical emulsions prepared by microfluidics require complicated device geometry and delicate control of flow rates. Here, a versatile method is developed to design hierarchical emulsions using microfluidic 3D droplet printing in droplet. The process of droplet printing in droplet mimics the dragonfly laying eggs and has advantages of easy processing and flexible design. To demonstrate the capability of the method, double emulsions and triple emulsions with tunable core number, core size, and core composition are prepared. The hierarchical emulsions are excellent templates for the developments of functional materials. Flattened crescent-moon-shaped particles are then fabricated using double emulsions printed in confined 2D space as templates. The particles are excellent delivery vehicles for 2D interfaces, which can load and transport cargos through a well-defined trajectory under external magnetic steering. Microfluidic 3D droplet printing in droplet provides a powerful platform with improved simplicity and flexibility for the design of hierarchical emulsions and functional materials.Developing cost-efficient multifunctional electrocatalysts is highly critical for the integrated electrochemical energy-conversion systems such as water electrolysis based on hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions (HER/OER) and metal-air batteries based on OER/oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). The core-shell structured materials with transition metal phosphide as the core and nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) as the shell have been known as promising HER electrocatalysts. However, their oxygen-related electrocatalytic activities still remain unsatisfactory, which severely limits their further applications. Herein an effective strategy to improve the core and shell performances of core-shell Co2 P@NC electrocatalysts through secondary metal (e.g., Fe, Ni, Mo, Al, Mn) doping (termed M-Co2 P@M-N-C) is reported. The as-synthesized M-Co2 P@M-N-C electrocatalysts show multifunctional HER/OER/ORR activities and good integrated capabilities for overall water splitting and Zn-air batteries. Among the M-Co2 P@M-N-C catalysts, Fe-Co2 P@Fe-N-C electrocatalyst exhibits the best catalytic activities, which is closely related to the configuration of highly active species (Fe-doping Co2 P core and Fe-N-C shell) and their subtle synergy, and a stable carbon shell for outstanding durability. Combination of electrochemical-based in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with extensive experimental investigation provides deep insights into the origin of the activity and the underlying electrocatalytic mechanisms at the molecular level.Former study suggests alkaloids from herbs of Aconitum genus plants possess excellent bioactivities, which exert great value for related deeper chemical constituent investigation. Herein, chemical isolation was performed and four alkaloids were isolated from Fuzi, of which two were new ones, and the other two were reported NMR data for the first time. Their chemical structures were identified by NMR data, high resolution MS, UV and IR analysis. Additionally, the MS fragmentation patterns were explored, formerly, that of hetisane alkaloid was rarely reported, and fragmentation mechanism of the diagnostic ion was proposed. Based on these fragment pathway, metabolites and metabolic pathways of four compounds were investigated in rat liver microsomes using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS, and dehydrogenation product was firstly found from metabolites of hetisane alkaloid.Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have aroused wide concern due to their potential applications in large-scale energy-storage systems. In this work, a hybrid of Fe7 S8 nanoparticles/N-doped carbon nanofibers (Fe7 S8 /N-CNFs) is designed and synthesized via electrospinning. As an anode for SIBs, Fe7 S8 /N-CNFs exhibit a high reversible capacity of 649.9 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 after 100 cycles, and superior cycling stability for 2000 cycles at 1 A g-1 with only 0.00302% capacity decay per cycle. Such excellent performance originates from i) Fe7 S8 nanoparticles (average diameter of 17 nm), which shorten the Na+ diffusion distance; ii) the unique 3D N-CNFs, which enhance the conductivity, alleviate the self-agglomeration and large volume change of Fe7 S8 nanoparticles, and offer numerous active sites for Na+ adsorption and paths for electrolyte diffusion. The fascinating structure and superior electrochemical properties of Fe7 S8 /N-CNFs shed light on developing high-performance SIBs anode materials.
Esophageal white lesions (EWL) are commonly observed under upper endoscopy, while their clinical significance remains undetermined. The aim of this study was to identify the endoscopic characteristics of EWL and distinguish between different types of EWL.

Consecutive patients with upper gastrointestinal complaints and participants admitted for health check-up who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy from October 2018 to August 2019 in a tertiary hospital were prospectively screened. EWL were detected under endoscopy and biopsy was performed for histological analysis. Participants' characteristics, lifestyle, esophageal motility and reflux monitoring variables were analyzed.

Of the 3641 consecutive participants screened, 303 of them aged 56.12 ± 10.95 years were found to have EWL (detection rate of 8.3%). More than one-third of them preferred hot drinks, eating pickled or spicy food, smoking and alcohol consumption and 5.3% had current or former upper gastrointestinal or head and neck cancers. The commonllow-up are needed.Cleft palate is a good model to pushing us toward a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of spatiotemporal patterns in tissues and organisms because of the multiple-step processes such as elevation and fusion. Previous studies have shown that the epithelial β-catenin is crucial for palatal fusion, however, the function of the mesenchymal β-catenin remains elusive. We investigate the role of mesenchymal β-catenin in palatal development by generating a β-catenin conditional knockout mouse (CKO) (Sox9CreER; Ctnnb1F/F ). We found that the CKO mice exhibited delayed palatal elevation, leading to cleft palate in both in vivo and ex vivo. Abnormal cell proliferation and repressed mesenchymal canonical Wnt signaling were found in the CKO palate. Interestingly, Filamentous actin (F-actin) polymerization was significantly reduced in the palatal mesenchyme of mutant embryos. Furthermore, overexpression of adenovirus-mediated transfection with Acta1 in the mutant could help to elevate the palatal shelves but could not prevent cleft palate in ex vivo. Our results suggest that conditionally knock out β-catenin in the palatal mesenchyme by Sox9CreER leading to delayed palatal elevation, which results in repressed mesenchymal canonical Wnt signaling, decreased cell proliferation, and reduced actin polymerization, finally causes cleft palate.
We aimed to quantitatively evaluate the degree of endolymphatic hydrops and its correlation with the clinical features of Meniere's disease.

We retrospectively collected data from patients with Meniere's disease who underwent gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at our department from January 2018 to December 2019. Mimics software was used to perform three-dimensional modelling of the labyrinth, and volume information was obtained to calculate the endolymphatic hydrops index (EHI). A correlation analysis was conducted with data from pure tone audiometry, electrocochleography (EchoG), vestibular myogenic-evoked potential (VEMP) testing, caloric testing and video head impulse testing (vHIT). A two-dimensional method was also employed to calculate the hydrops ratio (HR) of cochlea and vestibule. The test-retest reliability of EHI/HR from different operators was evaluated.

A total of 23 affected ears were examined, and the EHI was significantly correlated with Meniere's disease stage, low-fring threshold, EchoG and VEMP asymmetry ratio.Circular RNAs (circRNAs) feature prominently in regulating the malignant biological behaviors of colorectal cancer (CRC), including cell viability, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and so on. This study is performed to probe into the biological function and molecular mechanism of circ_0087862 in CRC. The expression profile of GSE138589 was available from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the differentially expressed circRNAs were analyzed by GEO2R. The expression of circ_0087862, miR-142-3p, and BACH1 mRNA in CRC tissues and cells was measured by qRT-PCR. CCK-8 assay was employed to determine the proliferation of CRC cells. Scratch wound healing and transwell assays were used to examine the migration and invasion of CRC cells. selleckchem The targeting relationships between circ_0087862 and miR-142-3p, and between miR-142-3p and BACH1 3'UTR were verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and RIP assay. BACH1 protein expression was probed by western blot. Circ_0087862 was highly expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines. Knocking down circ_0087862 significantly restrained the multiplication, migration and invasion of CRC cells. miR-142-3p inhibition weakened the impact of circ_0087862 knockdown on CRC cells. Circ_0087862 regulated BACH1 expressions by targeting miR-142-3p. Circ_0087862 regulates BACH1 expressions through sponging miR-142-3p, and promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells.Spermacoce verticillata (L.) G. Mey. is commonly used in the folk medicine by various cultures to manage common diseases. Herein, the chemical and biological profiles of S. verticillata were studied in order to provide a comprehensive characterization of bioactive compounds and also to highlight the therapeutic properties. The in vitro antioxidant activity using free-radical scavenging, phosphomolybdenum, ferrous-ion chelating and reducing power assays, and the inhibitory activity against key enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase of S. verticillata extracts (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) were investigated. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content were observed in the methanolic and aqueous extracts. Exhaustive 2DNMR investigation has revealed the presence of rutin, ursolic and oleanoic acids. The methanolic extract, followed by aqueous extract have showed remarkable free radical quenching and reducing ability, while the dichloromethane extract was the best source of metal chelators. The tested extracts showed notable inhibitory activity against cholinesterases (AChE 1.63 - 4.99 mg GALAE/g extract and BChE 12.40 - 15.48 mg GALAE/g extract) and tyrosinase (60.85 - 159.64 mg KAE/g extract). No inhibitory activity was displayed by ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts against BChE and tyrosinase, respectively. All the tested extracts showed modest α-amylase inhibitory activity, while only the ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts were potent against α-glycosidase. This study further validates the use of S. verticillata in the traditional medicine, while advocating for further investigation for phytomedicine development.
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