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The Management of Orbital Roof Breaks and Disorders: An assessment.
The present study aimed to review and perform a meta-analysis summarizing the available evidence on the association between red meat consumption and obesity.

A computerized search strategy was performed up to Feb 9, 2020. PubMed, Scopus, and web of science were used to conduct a comprehensive search for all relevant publications. The quality of the included articles was determined by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects model was conducted for analysis of the included cross-sectional studies. In the case of significant heterogeneity, subgroup analyses were conducted to explore possible sources of inter-study heterogeneity.

In the overall pooled estimate of 3 studies, it was shown that red meat consumption was not associated with overweight (pooled effect size 1.19, 95% CI 0.97-1.46, p=0.099). The results from combining 7 studies showed a non-significant association between red meat intake and obesity (pooled effect size 1.16, 95% CI 0.93-1.44, p=0.199) with significant heterogeneity among studies (I
=87.3%, p
< 0.0001).

In conclusion, results extend the evidence that red meat consumption was not associated with the risk of overweight as well as no association between total meat consumption and obesity.
In conclusion, results extend the evidence that red meat consumption was not associated with the risk of overweight as well as no association between total meat consumption and obesity.
Sleep, as well as diet and physical activity, plays a significant role in growth, maturation, health, and regulation of energy homeostasis. Recently, there is increasing evidence indicating a possible causal association between sleep duration and energy balance. We aimed to examine the relationship between sleep duration and food consumption, energy intake, anthropometric characteristics, and appetite-regulating hormones by randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Electronic literature searches were conducted on Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar until July 2020. The search was conducted with the following words "Sleep Duration", "Circadian Rhythm", "Sleep Disorders" in combination with "Obesity", "Overweight", "Abdominal Obesity", "Physical Activity", "Energy Intake", "Body Mass Index", "Lipid Metabolism", "Caloric Restriction", Leptin, "Weight Gain", and "Appetite Regulation" using human studies.methods RESULTS After screening 708 abstracts, 50 RCTs (7 on children or adolescents and 43 on adults) were identified and met the inclusion criteria. In general, the findings suggested that sleep restriction may leads to a significant increment in energy intake, fat intake, body weight, appetite, hunger, eating occasions, and portion size, while protein and carbohydrate consumption, total energy expenditure, and respiratory quotient remained unaffected as a result of sleep restriction. Serum leptin, ghrelin, and cortisol concentrations were not influenced by sleep duration as well.

Insufficient sleep can be considered as a contributing factor for energy imbalance, weight gain, and metabolic disorders and it is suggested that to tackle disordered eating it may be necessary to pay more attention to sleep duration.
Insufficient sleep can be considered as a contributing factor for energy imbalance, weight gain, and metabolic disorders and it is suggested that to tackle disordered eating it may be necessary to pay more attention to sleep duration.The present letter to editor comments the manuscript "Caliskan SG, Kilic MA, Bilgin MD. Acute effects of energy drink on hemodynamic and electrophysiologic parameters in habitual and non-habitual caffeine consumers. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021 Apr; 42333-338. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.01.011. Epub 2021 Feb 4. PMID 33745602." presenting some data on consumption of energy drinks among medical students during COVID-19 pandemic.
Vitamin B12 deficiency has been associated with a very wide spectrum of neurologic manifestations and the majority of cases occur in infants, pregnant women, and elderly people. In children, common neurological complications include neuropathy, neuropsychiatric features, infantile tremor syndrome, developmental delay, cognitive decline, spastic paraparesis due to subacute combined degeneration of cord, seizures, encephalopathy, extrapyramidal features, and neuropathy. Vitamin B12 is known to cause sensory ataxia, along with impaired position and vibration sense, as well as variable spasticity, as a part of subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. However, only a few cases of isolated cerebellar ataxia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency have been reported in published literature.

We are reporting a case of isolated cerebellar ataxia progressing over months in a 13-year-old boy. He also had associated knuckle hyperpigmentation, megaloblastic anemia and his magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was normal. Complete blood count showed hemoglobin of 8.6gm/dl and peripheral smear showed macrovalocytes and few hypersegmented neutrophils. Serum vitamin B12 level was low (134pg/mL). He was started on daily intramuscular vitamin B12 supplementation and he showed a favorable response after the first week.

Clinicians need to consider vitamin B12 deficiency as one of the rare etiological possibilities in children presenting with isolated subacute onset/chronic ataxia, as supplementation of this vitamin is likely to cause a complete reversal of ataxia in such children.
Clinicians need to consider vitamin B12 deficiency as one of the rare etiological possibilities in children presenting with isolated subacute onset/chronic ataxia, as supplementation of this vitamin is likely to cause a complete reversal of ataxia in such children.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) severely impacted the management of critically ill patients, including nutritional therapy. This study aimed to verify an association between mortality and the energy and protein provided to critically ill patients affected by the SARS-CoV-2 and receiving enteral nutrition support.

Patients with confirmed COVID-19, with >7 days of stay in the ICU, on enteral nutrition were followed from the moment of hospitalization until discharge from the ICU or death. Data about age, gender, Simplified Acute Physiology Score III (SAPS3), intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, days on mechanical ventilation (MV), clinical endpoint outcome (discharge or death), and daily energy and protein provision were collected from electronic medical records. Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meyer curves were used in statistical analysis.

Fifty-two patients (66.2±13.1 years; 53.8% women) were enrolled in the present study. The mean length of hospitalizations and SAPS3 score were 17.8±9.8 days and 78.7±14.7, respectively; all patients needed mechanical ventilation (mean of days was 16.42±9.1). For most patients (73.1%) the endpoint was death. Twenty-five percent of patients had protein supply >0.8g/IBW/day. Survival during COVID-19 hospitalization at ICU was significantly different among patients according to protein supply (p=0.005). Hazard Ratios (HR) for protein supply showed that a protein intake >0.8g/IBW/day was associated with significantly lower mortality (HR 0.322, p=0.049).

Our study suggests that a protein supply at least>0.8g/IBW/day could be related to reduced mortality in ICU patients with COVID-19.
0.8 g/IBW/day could be related to reduced mortality in ICU patients with COVID-19.
Muscle atrophy is a public health issue and inflammation is a major cause of muscle atrophy. While docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are typical ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, are reported to have anti-inflammatory effects on endotoxin-induced inflammatory responses, their effects on inflammatory muscle atrophy have not been clarified. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of DHA and EPA on inflammatory muscle atrophy.

DHA or EPA was added to C2C12 myotubes at a concentration of 25, 50, or 100μM, and 1h later, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was added at a concentration of 1μg/mL. Two hours after the first LPS addition, mRNA expression of atrogin-1 and Murf-1 in C2C12 myotubes was measured. The second LPS addition was performed 24h after the first LPS addition, and myotube diameter, myofibrillar protein, and cell viability were measured. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test were used for statistical processing of the results, and the significance levelatrogin-1 and murf-1 induced by LPS. This study showed the preventive effect of DHA and EPA on endotoxin-induced muscle atrophy.
COVID-19 is a severe viral infection of the respiratory tract and has become a worldwide pandemic. Months after the initial infection several people report persistent limitations in daily life. Previous studies have identified body composition as a predictor of clinical progression in cases of COVID-19. However, body impedance measurements were limited to baseline and not repeated in serial measurements. In this study we analyzed the impact of a moderate oxygen-dependent COVID-19 infection on body composition during hospitalization.

We enrolled 12 consecutive patients hospitalized due to an oxygen-dependent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Body impedance analysis was performed within 24h of admission and repeated on day 3±1 as well as on the day of discharge. Endpoints were any significant changes in body composition.

Median age of enrolled patients was 70.6 years with a BMI of 30.8kg/m
. Patients were hospitalized for 14 days. Median oxygen demand was 3l/min, 2 patients required mechanical ventilation. 4-PBA ic50 Body water and fat remained unchanged during the study period. We observed a significant decrease of phase angle (-0.6, p<0.01) and body cell mass (-2.3%, p<0.01) with an increase in extracellular mass on day 3. Values returned to baseline along recovery.

We found a significant reduction in body cell mass and phase angle during the active infection with slow regression towards hospital discharge. Future studies are needed to clarify if nutrition and training programs during and after COVID-19 might limit these changes and have a positive impact on clinical course and rehabilitation.
We found a significant reduction in body cell mass and phase angle during the active infection with slow regression towards hospital discharge. Future studies are needed to clarify if nutrition and training programs during and after COVID-19 might limit these changes and have a positive impact on clinical course and rehabilitation.
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an essential component of long-term recovery following a cardiac event. Typical CR may not be optimal for patients presenting with sarcopenic obesity (SO) who present with reduced muscle mass and elevated adipose tissue, and may indicate greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Resistance exercise and high-protein diets are known to increase muscle mass, while Mediterranean-style diets have been shown to reduce CVD risk. A high-protein Mediterranean-style diet combined with resistance exercise intervention is yet to be trialled in cardiac rehabilitation populations.

Primary outcome to determine the feasibility of such an intervention by investigating the perceptions, acceptance and adherence to a resistance exercise protocol and high-protein Mediterranean style diet in a UK cardiac rehabilitation population with SO. Secondary outcome to trial this protocol ahead of a fully powered clinical study.

Eligible cardiac rehabilitation patients will be randomised to one of the following 1) a control group (standard CR), 2) high-protein Mediterranean-style diet, 3) resistance exercise group, or 4) both high-protein Mediterranean-style diet and resistance exercise group.
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