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Integrating were living experience in to clinical exercise: in a situation research involving young look providers in kid treatment.
It should be pointed out that Pb contributes most to the total THQs (the ratio was 88%); thus, the contamination of Pb should be paid more attention. This field investigation combined with health risk assessment would provide useful information on the heavy metal pollution in Anhui Province.Lake Nasser is one of the largest man-made lakes on earth. It has a vital importance to Egypt for several decades because of the safe water supply of the country. Therefore, the water quality of the Lake Nasser must be profoundly investigated, and physico-chemical parameter changes of the water of the Lake Nasser should be continuously monitored and assessed. This work describes the present state of the physico-chemical (nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, orthophosphate, total phosphate content, dissolved oxygen content, chemical oxygen demand, and biological oxygen demand) water parameters of Lake Nasser in Egypt at nine measurement sites along the Lake Nasser. The algorithm was devised at the University of Pannonia, Hungary, for the evaluation of the water quality. The aquatic environmental indices determined alongside the Lake Nasser fall into the category of "good" water quality at seven sampling sites and exhibited "excellent" water quality at two sampling sites according to Egyptian Governmental Decree No. 92/2013. In light of the tremendous demand for safe and healthy water supply in Egypt and international requirements, the water quality assessment is a very important tool for providing reliable information on the water quality. The protocol for water quality assessment could significantly contribute to the provision of high-quality water supply in Egypt. In conclusion, it can be stated that the parameters under investigation in different regions of Lake Nasser fall within the permissible ranges and the water of the Lake has good quality for drinking, irrigation, and fish cultures according to Egyptian standards; however, according to European specifications, there are steps to be accomplished for future water quality improvement.Nanoparticles are widely studied for applications in medical science. In recent years, they have been developed for agronomical purposes to target microbial pest such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Nanoparticles are also proposed to limit the use of pesticides, whose abuse is causing environmental impact and human health concerns. In this study, nanoparticles were obtained by using poly-(ε-caprolactone), a polyester chosen for its biocompatibility and biodegradability properties. Poly-(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles were formulated by using poly(vinyl alcohol) or Pluronic® F127 as non-ionic surfactants, and then loaded with benzophenone or valerophenone thiosemicarbazone, two compounds that inhibit aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus. The different types of nanoparticles were compared in terms of size, polydispersity index, morphology, and drug loading capacity. Finally, their effects were investigated on growth, development, and aflatoxin production in the aflatoxigenic species Aspergillus flavus, a ubiquitous contaminant of maize, cereal crops, and derived commodities. Aflatoxin production was inhibited to various extents, but the best inhibitory effect was obtained with respect to sclerotia production that was most effectively suppressed by both benzophenone and valerophenone thiosemicarbazone-loaded nanoparticles. These data support the idea that it is possible to use such nanoparticles as an alternate to pesticides for the control of mycotoxigenic sclerotia-forming fungi.Bisphenol A (BPA) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) used in a wide variety of industrial products as plasticizers. Exposure to EDCs, particularly in mixtures, in prenatal and early postnatal periods may lead to unwanted effects and can cause both developmental and reproductive problems. In this study, we aimed to determine the individual and combined effects of prenatal and lactational exposure to BPA and/or DEHP on testicular histology, apoptosis, and autophagic proteins. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 3) were divided into four groups (control, BPA (50 mg/kg/day), DEHP (30 mg/kg/day), and BPA (50 mg/kg/day) + DEHP (30 mg/kg/day)) and dosed by oral gavage during pregnancy and lactation. The male offspring (n = 6) from each group were chosen randomly, and their testicular examinations were performed on the twelfth week. The results showed that fetal and neonatal exposure to BPA and DEHP could lead to significant testicular histopathological alterations and cause increases in apoptosis markers (as evidenced by increases in caspase 3 and caspase 8 levels; increased TUNEL-positive spermatogonia and TUNEL-positive testicular apoptotic cells) and autophagic proteins (as evidenced by increased LC3 and Beclin levels and decreased p62 levels) in testicular tissue. We can suggest that EDCs cause more dramatic changes in both testicular structure and cell death when there is combined exposure.Microbial activities and community structures play crucial roles in the soil environment and can be served as effective indicators to assess the ecological influence of heavy metal pollution in soil. This article selected soil samples from five land use types (mining area, mineral processing area, heap mining area, tailing area, and vegetable area) in the Shizishan mining area in Tongling, Anhui Province, China. The physicochemical properties, pollution characteristics, enzyme activities (catalase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, neutral phosphatase, cellulase, and sucrase), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (SBR), and metabolic entropy (qCO2) in soil were determined and compared, and the relationship between environmental factors and the microbial activities and community diversity was analyzed. The results showed that, according to the Nemerow's Pollution Index (PN), the values were the heap mining area (24.47) > mineral processing area (12.55) > mining area (9.81) > tailings area (6.02) > vegetable area (4.51). With the increase of heavy metal contamination in the sampling area, the six enzyme activities, MBC and SBR decreased, but the qCO2 increased. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) showed that the land use types, soil moisture content (MC), heavy metal content, pH, MBC, SBR, and qCO2 were significantly affected by the microbial community. The most dominant phyla were Proteobacteria (34.73%), Bacteroidetes (9.25%), Acidobacteria (8.99%), and Chloroflexi (8.68%) at the phylum (0.01) level by a total of 18 phyla. It was also found that Firmicutes and Phormidium were more tolerant to heavy metals. These results contributed to an insight into key environmental variables shaping the microbial activities, community structure, and diversity under various land use types in mining area.Slope aspect is an important topographic factor for a micro-ecosystem environment that may affect macro- and micronutrients in plants and soil. The south-, northwest-, and north-facing slopes were selected to investigate the influence of slope aspect on the concentrations, storage, and allocation of macro- and micronutrients in Artemisia sacrorum on the Loess Plateau in China. The concentrations of available manganese (Mn) in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils reached their maximum on the north-facing slope. The concentrations of available iron (Fe) in rhizosphere soil and available copper (Cu) in non-rhizosphere soil reached their maximum on the south-facing slope. Slope aspect significantly affected the total concentrations of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), Cu, and Mn in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, and all of these elements reached their maximum on the northwest-facing slope. Slope aspect significantly influenced the concentrations of aboveground K, Ca, and Mg, sodium (Na), Mn, and belowground K in A. sacrorum, and the concentrations of aboveground K, Ca, Mg, and Na and belowground Mn, Na, Fe, Ca, and Mg in weed. Most elements in A. sacrorum and the weeds reached their maximum on the south-facing slope. Slope aspect significantly changed the aboveground-to-belowground concentration ratios of K, Ca, and Na in A. sacrorum and weed. Slope aspect significantly affected the storage of macro- and micronutrients in A. sacrorum and weed but not the storage in the plants of the entire plot. Slope aspect predominantly affected the storage allocation of macro- and micronutrients in A. sacrorum but not those in weed. Slope aspect is an important topographic factor that affects the macro- and micronutrients in plants and soil in micro-ecosystem environments.With increasing global warming awareness, layered double hydroxides (LDHs), hydrotalcites, and their related materials are key components to reduce the environmental impact of human activities. Such materials can be synthesized quickly with high efficiency by using different synthesis processes. Moreover, their properties' tunability is appreciated in various industrial processes. Regarding physical and structural properties, such materials can be applied in environmental applications such as the adsorption of atmospheric and aqueous pollutants, hydrogen production, or the formation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). After the first part that was dedicated to the synthesis processes of hydrotalcites, the present review reports on specific environmental applications chosen as examples in various fields (green chemistry and depollution) that have gained increasing interest in the last decades, enlightening the links between structural properties, synthesis route, and application using lamellar materials.In this investigation, batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate the molybdenum (Mo) sorption and transport processes on a neutral-pH soil (Webster loam) and an acidic soil (Mahan sand) in Ca2+ and K+ background solutions. Batch results showed that the adsorption of Mo was strongly non-linear in both soils and amount of Mo sorbed in the acidic soil was larger than the neutral soil. The Freundlich distribution coefficients (Kf) and Langmuir sorption maxima (Smax) in Ca2+ background solution are larger than that in K+ solution, indicating greater Mo sorption in Ca2+ than in K+. Experimental breakthrough curves (BTCs) demonstrated that mobility of Mo was higher at neutral condition than that at acidic condition. A multi-reaction transport model (MRTM) formulation with two kinetic retention reactions (reversible and irreversible) well described Mo transport for Webster soil. However, MRTM model which accounts for equilibrium and kinetic sites is recommended for Mo transport in Mahan soil, reflecting different soil properties. Based on inverse modeling, the sorption forward rate coefficients (k1) obtained from Ca2+ in both soils are larger than that from K+, which consistent with batch experiment. Overall, MRTM model was capable of describing the Mo transport behavior under different geochemical conditions.Waste foundry sand (WFS) from the brass and bronze casting and molding process include various potentially toxic elements (PTEs), such as copper, zinc, tin, and lead. check details Hence, the utilization of WFS in construction and geotechnical applications evokes environmental concerns due to the rain-induced leaching of PTEs into the groundwater system. The present study investigated the extractive decontamination of WFS using mineral acids, e.g., HCl, H2SO4, or HNO3. Favorable extraction efficiency was achieved with HCl as compared to the other mineral acids, which was further enhanced at high temperatures and increased acid concentrations. The thermodynamic analysis indicated that ≥ 4 mol L-1 of HCl and ≤ 100 °C temperature ensured maximum extraction of PTEs due to the endothermic interactions between the HCl and PTEs. The HCl-treated WFS needed to be rinsed with water to restrict the after treatment elution of PTEs. The hazardous environmental impact of acid-treated WFS was evaluated following the standard leaching test and comparison with legislative recommendations for PTEs, which showed the water-assisted leaching rate of all the PTEs are within the regulatory limits.
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